URINARY SYSTEM 6:12 - Iredell- · PDF fileFunctions: Excretion Formation of urine Fluid and...
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Transcript of URINARY SYSTEM 6:12 - Iredell- · PDF fileFunctions: Excretion Formation of urine Fluid and...
Essential Questions
What are the functions of the urinary system?
What are some disorders of the urinary system?
How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 2
Functions:
Excretion
Formation of urine
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 3
Functions:
Excretion
Formation of urine
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 4
Excretion
What is excretion?
Why does the body have excretory functions?
What is the composition of wastes excreted by
the urinary system?
How is it relevant to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
5
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 6
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
• Blood from renal
artery enters
glomerulus
• High pressure in
glomerulus forces
fluid into Bowman’s
capsule, where it is
filtered
7
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min.
…how many cc’s per hour is this?
As the filtrate continues through nephron, 90%
of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if
reabsorption here failed?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 8
What substances are reabsorbed? Where do they go?
If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed.
How does this help maintain homeostasis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 9
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is secretion?
Describe how this
process is the opposite
of reabsorption….
10
What substances are secreted into the
collecting tubules?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 11
Fluid and electrolyte balance Electrolytes are selectively secreted to
maintain body’s acid-base balance.
• What are electrolytes?
• What do they do?
• What is the relevance to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 12
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
• ADH
• Aldosterone
Nervous control
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 13
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
• ADH – Antidiuretic hormone
• Aldosterone
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 14
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control ADH is released by the posterior pituitary
gland
What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic
hormone)?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 15
Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control The amount of ADH produced is related to
the level of body hydration
What factors regulate the release of ADH?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 16
Forming more dilute urine:
Define “dilute urine” What are diuretics?
What effect do they have on the production of
urine?
Give examples of substances that have diuretic
effects.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 17
Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control
Aldosterone Where does it come from?
What does it do?
Aldosterone release is the result of the renin-
angiotensin system. What does this mean?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 18
Fluid and electrolyte balance
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?
19
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous control How does the nervous system
control urinary secretions?
What other systems are involved in
the production and excretion of
urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
20
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange,
and some factors that effect urine volume.
21
What do you predict will happen to blood
pressure when the blood volume increases?
What if blood
volume decreases?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 22
If more water is reabsorbed back into the
body---what will happen to urine
concentration?
(more or less concentrated?)
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 23
Elimination of urine What causes the bladder to empty?
Is this a voluntary or involuntary action?
What can prevent urination?
How is urinary retention treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 24
Elimination of urine
Urinary output
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this?
What effects
the color of
your urine?
25
An examination of urine
What does normal urine look like?
What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 26
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 27
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 28
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 29
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
30
Cystitis
What is cystitis
(cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ )
Most common cause: E. Coli
What are the major symptoms of cystitis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 31
Cystitis More common in females—Why ??
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 32
Glomerulonephritis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disease which
injures the
glomerulus.
What will happen
as a result of
damaged
glomeruli?
33
Glomerulonephritis Two types:
• Acute
• Chronic
Define these terms.
How do these terms relate to
glomerulonephritis symptoms?
What is the prognosis for each?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
34
Renal calculi
Also known as nephrolithiasis
nephro lith iasis
What are renal calculi made of?
What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
35
Renal calculi
What will happen if
the ureters are
blocked?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
36
Renal calculi
How is it treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
37
Renal calculi
How does lithotripsy work?
Is it a cure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
38
Renal failure
Acute
• What causes it?
• What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
39
Renal failure
chronic May be none in early stages, urinalysis
may reveal proteinuria
Why would protein be present in the
urine?
Why is this not normal?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
40
Renal Failure Chronic kidney
disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body.
How are these systems affected by renal failure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
41
Renal Failure
How is it treated?
• Peritoneal dialysis
• What is the process
involved in this
treatment?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
42
Renal Failure
How is it treated?
• Hemodialysis
• What is hemodialysis?
• What determines the patient’s treatment schedule?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
43
Renal Failure
Compare the treatment of acute and
chronic renal failure.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
44
How does hemodialysis mimic
glomerular function?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 45
Renal transplant What is involved in this treatment option?
When does a patient get a transplant?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 46
Renal transplant
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is the
major
complication of
renal
transplantation?
47
Essential Questions
What are the functions of the urinary system?
What are some disorders of the urinary system?
How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 48
