Urdu Terminology

7/17/2019 Urdu Terminology

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Urdu Poetry

Ash'ar

(Couplet). It consists of two lines (MISRA); rst line is called 'MISRA!"!##$A' and thesecond is called 'MISRA!"!SA%I'. "ach &erse eodies a sinle thouht or su*ect

(sin) S+"'R.

,ait

Another ter for S+"'R.

,ait!Ul!-haal

/he est S+"'R in a -+A0A$

-haal

(#de). /he literary eanin of the word '-+A0A$' is to con&erse with elo&ed. It is a

poe containin iniu 1 &erses and a2iu 31. /he openin 4erse of the

-+A0A$ is called MA/$A and oth heistiches rhye with one another. /he last

&erse of the -+A0A$ is called MA5/A which usually contains the pennae of the

poet. Most of Persian and Urdu writers ha&e earned fae as -+A0A$ writers.

-+A0A$ is the soul of Urdu literature and ost popular for of Urdu poetry.

6ard

Coposition of only a sinle S+"'R is called 6AR7.

+ad

Poe written in praise of -od.

+aal

Poe with huourous su*ect.



+i*&

(Satire). A poe written to conden or to ause a person. /his for of poetry is

considered of low type and which is usually a&oided y reputed poets. /he e2act

opposite of +I84 is MA7A+ which is a poe written in praise of 9ins and Patrons.

+usn!"!Matla

Rhyin of the rst two lines of a -+A0A$ is called +US%!"!MA/$A.

Madah

Poe written in praise of 9ins and Patrons.

Man:aat

Poe written in praise of Ahle!"!,ait (the eers of the faily of +oly Prophet).

Ma:ata

/he last line of a -+A0A$ or a poe which enerally contains the poet's pen!nae.

Marsiya

A poe written to coeorate the e2ploits of reat en of Isla; usually to

descrie the attle fouht on the plains of 9arala in Ira: y +aarat Ia +usain

and his supporters aainst the ary of aid. It is usually a poe of ournin. /he

faous MARSIA writers in Urdu are Mir ,aerali Anis and Salaatali 7air. "&en a

short poe written to ourn the death of a friend can e called MARSIA. $ord

Alfred /ennyson's poe 'In Meoria' can rihtly e called MARSIA. /he su!parts

of MARSIA are called %#+A and S#0 which eans laentation and urnin of

(heart) respecti&ely.

Masnawi

A lon epic poe descriin the attles fouht lon ao and past e&ents. It ay

also contain philosophical or ethical thees. /he ost faous MAS%A<IS are Shah!



%aah of 6irdosi= Masna&i!"!Rooi in Persian lanuae and 0ehar!"!Ish: in Urdu.

"&en epic poes of India= Mahaharata and Raayana can e called MAS%A<I.

Matla

/he openin S+"'R of a -+A0A$ or a poe.

Misra'

#ne line of a couplet= or &erse.

Muna*at

A lyrical poe as prayer to -od.

Musaddas

"ach unit consists of > lines (Misra). Most faous writer of this type of poe is

Maulana Altaf +usain +ali.

%at

4erses written in praise of the +oly Prophet.

%aa

/he literary eanin of %A0M is Poetry (opp of %ASR) (Prose) A poe fully dealin

with a sinle su*ect or thouht.

5aa

Rhyin of the last words of a poe.

5asida



(,allad). It is a lon poe in Urdu= Persian or Araic which usually descries attles

or written in praise of ?ins; princes or the poet's patron. /here is no liit of &erses;

it ay e&en o eyond hundred lines.

5ata

(6raents). It has two S+"'RS (lines) and has a coplete one su*ect.

Radeef

("nd rhye). "ach S+"'R of -+A0A$ in addition to 5A6IA ay also ha&e RA7""6

which is rhyin of ore than the last two or three words.

Ruai'ee

Contains only @ lines= the third one ein dierent fro the other three as it should

not ha&e 5A6IA and RA7""6. RU,AI'"" deals with social= philosophical and roantic

su*ects. In Persian lanuae Uar 9hayya is supposed to e a reat poet of

RU,AI A / whereas in Urdu aana= 6ira: and 8osh are leadin poets of this tie

and Anis= an old tie poet.

Sala

($iteral eanin Salutation) It is a ?ind of poe in which the incidents of 9arala i.e.

hardships of +aarat Ia +usain and his followers are descried It is also written

in Praise of +oly Prophet= and is recited y standin up.

Sehra

A son sun at the tie of tyin Sehra durin weddin cereony= praisin the ride

or the rideroo and their relati&es.

Sher Asho

Poe descriin a ruined city.



/ah!/ul!$af

/he anner of recitin a poe; li?e rhythic prose i.e. without sinin; word for

word.

/a?hallus

A nae adopted y a poet= y which he is ?nown in the literary world.

/arannu

/he anner of recitin a poe in the for of a son.

<aso?ht

$iteral eanin 'displeasure' or 'disust'. A ?ind of poe in which the displeasure

and carelessness of a lo&er is narrated; while relin:uishin the elo&ed.

-eet

Son or hyn.

Mushaira

A syposiu of poets; a poet's atherin.

5awwali

7e&otional son e2pressin the lo&e and oneness with -od sun y a roup Bof

people to the accopanient of usical instruents. %ow!a!days= it has ta?en

popular for co&erin su*ects of roance= li:uor= etc.

Urdu Terminology

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