Urban Renewal Presentation

URBAN RENEWAL

Urban Decay & Urban Revitalization

ARCH 162 Group Report

Prof. MV Tomeldan

Axalan, Dave Anderson | Co, Keren Maxine

Presentation Outline

Urban Decay

Definition

Causes

Effects

Case Studies

Urban Revitalization/Renewal

Definition

Implementation

Effects

Case Studies

Urban Decay

Also urban blight

Decay and deterioration of an urban area

due to neglect or age (Collins English

Dictionary)

Regression of an urbanized areas

functional condition (employment rate,

population, income-generating capacity)

Causes of Urban Decay

Development of urban areas nearby o More opportunities in the neighboring urban areas

o Competition

Deindustrialization o Decline in importance of manufacturing industry

in the economy (Collins English Dictionary)

o Unemployment

o Economic problems

Causes of Urban Decay

Wars o Very slow recuperation

o No funds for rehabilitation

Natural disasters

Poor urban planning o Pedestrian and vehicular navigation (Traffic)

o Inadequate zoning

o Waste of land resource

Effects of Urban Decay

Higher unemployment rate

Rising poverty

Increased crime rate

Abandoned buildings o Mainly due to businesses closing down and emigration

o Eventually become home to informal settlers and for

criminal activity

Case Study - Detroit, Michigan, USA

Before the 1930s, Detroit first housed

industries such as tobacco, medicine, and

food production.

1930s: Boom of its automobile industry

1950s: Highest population record of over

1.8 million

1960: Highest per-capita income in the

United States


December 2000 - December 2010:

Began to experience regression in its

automobile industry

Population decline

December 2013: Filed for bankruptcy

One of the largest bankruptcies in the

history of the United States

Waiting Room, Michigan Central RR Depot

Before and After http://www.messynessychic.com/2012/08/12/ruins-of-detroit-before-after/

Great Hall, Michigan Central RR Depot


Stage, Vanity Ballroom, 1024 Newport


Farwell Building, 1249 Griswold St.


Fisher Body 21 Plant http://www.weather.com/travel/news/eerie-before-after-images-urban-decay-detroit

Abandoned Packard Motors Plant http://www.weather.com/travel/news/eerie-before-after-images-urban-decay-detroit

United Artists Theater http://www.weather.com/travel/news/eerie-before-after-images-urban-decay-detroit


December 2014: Successfully exited

bankruptcy

Commercial establishments such as theaters

and stadiums are now being revitalized.

Some areas are now in the process of

redevelopment, while some areas remain

completely abandoned.

Cleveland Intermediate School

Before and After http://www.buzzfeed.com/mjs538/pictures-showing-the-restoration-of-detroit#.ihqx706Rp

Seville Apartments


Kendrick Manufacturing Co.


The Book-Cadillac Hotel Dining Room


Hotel Fort Shelby Ballroom


Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

From being called The Magic City to

Tragic City

Mining and steel manufacturing

Commercial industries such as banking,

telecommunication, medical care, etc.

Houses Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000

company headquarters


Urban blight has been around since the

1990s

2008: Spent $750,000 just tearing down

blighted residential structures

2010: Population decline

2011: Failing schools

2011: Crimes


Land ownership processing (for abandoned

properties) would take at least 6 years.

Poverty

Dilapidated and/or abandoned structures

Blight is projected to worsen until the year

2030.

Abandoned house http://weldbham.com/blog/2014/06/04/birminghams-fight-against-blight/

Abandoned Muscoda Mines http://leftbirmingham.blogspot.com/2013/01/muscoda.html

Abandoned Metrocare Health Building http://leftbirmingham.blogspot.com/2012/07/metrocare.html


Despite the blight, the medical industry

within Birmingham is performing quite well.

Traffic within neighboring urbanized areas

might drive out some residents and cause

them to move to Birmingham.

Urban Renewal

Also Urban Revitalization

Process of redeveloping dilapidated or no

longer functional urban areas. (Collins

English Dictionary)

Process of making cities and neighborhoods

more competent to present day needs and

circumstances

Implementing Urban Renewal

Resolve the issues concerning income-

generating capacity, unemployment rate,

population fluctuation, and crime rate

Might include: relocation of businesses,

relocation of people, and the use of

eminent domain


Investments could be drawn up, increasing

the income-generating capacity of the area

Generation of funds for further public

works, and at the same time ensuring job

opportunities


Improvements would need people to use or

utilize them

Different public and private establishments

would help drawing the wanted population

in

Needs would be met and would be easily

available


Construction of new highways and railways

Improvement of basic utilities to better

service the users and at the same time to

lessen any negative environmental impacts

Effects of Urban Renewal

Improved living conditions

Economic benefits

Improved safety and surveillance

Decrease in the number of substandard

living conditions or slums within the area

Employment opportunities

Gentrification

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Cheonggyecheon is a public recreation

space in downtown Seoul

Between 2003 and 2005, the elevated

highway above the river was demolished to

improve the citys environmental and

aesthetic conditions.

Cheonggyecheon Site Plan http://landscapeperformance.org/sites/default/files/styles/lightbox/public/Cheonggyecheon-Site%20Plan.jpg?itok=cDUcNFZw


Elevated walkway was first constructed as a

response to too much pollution and flooding

Structural flaws were detected which made

the elevated structure unsafe

The local government decided to focus its

efforts on recovering the flow of the river

and encouraging biodiversity in the area

Sanitation Problem http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Covering Work (1958-1977) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf


The urban renewal project focused on

uncovering the stream which flows along

the area

It received great criticism at first, but later

became a modern public recreation space

visited by many


Project Summary:

Location: Cheonggyecheon stream, Seoul,

South Korea

Length: 5.8 km

Cost: US $280million

Dates: 2000-2005

Before and After http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/cheonggyecheon_elevated_expressway.jpg

http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/cgc-after.jpg

Before and After http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/img/original/seoul_cheonggye_cheon_restoration_project.jpg


Decline of old CBD o CBD redevelopment stopped where the Cheonggye

Expressway started

o Business headquarters moved to Gangnam (new

sub-center)

o Industries in CBD lost competitiveness


Safety Problem o Only small cars were allowed from 1997

o Maintenance cost soared: US$50M (94-99)

Structural Problem http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf


Local cultural and historical sites were

restored

Center for business and finance was

encouraged

The project became a link in the

development between north and south

Seoul


The project was initiated on July 2003, with

a plan to remove the elevated highway and

expose the stream beneath;

Restore history and culture of the region;

Revitalize the economy; and

Pedestrianization of the area

Demolition http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Covered Structure and

Highway:

5.4 km

Waste:

Concrete and Asphalt

872,400ton (96%

recycled)

Bridge Design http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Design Criteria:

- Minimize flow

resistance

- Create as cultural

places; artistic

landmark

Number of bridges: 22

International concept

design competition

Landscape Design http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Concepts:

New green belt with waterfront: West to East

Gradual transformation from urban landscape to natural environment

Create ecological biotop and environment

Thematic places: waterfall and fountains


Zone 1: History

Underground waterways redirected to create a

new stream bed with landscaped banks;

former bridges used as decorative elements;

seating to encourage the public to use the

space.

Zone 1: History http://ecrr.org/Portals/27/Cheonggyecheon%20case%20study.pdf


Zone 2: Urban and Culture

Created a park in the centre of the city with

recreation areas, waterfront decks and

stepping stones; designed using

environmentally friendly materials, with

artwork and maps on walls along the river

corridor.

Zone 2: Urban and Culture http://ecrr.org/Portals/27/Cheonggyecheon%20case%20study.pdf


Zone 3: Nature in the middle of the city

Designed to look natural and overgrown;

sections of the pier and overpass left as

industrial mementoes; wetland designated as

an ecological conservation area.

Zone 3: Nature in the Middle of the City http://ecrr.org/Portals/27/Cheonggyecheon%20case%20study.pdf

Stage 1: Scaffolding (July 2003) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Stage 2: Highway Demolition (August 2003) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Stage 3: Covered Road Demolition (January 2004) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Stage 4: Sewer, Road, and Bridge Construction (September 2004) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Stage 5: Landscaping for the Recovered Area (May 2005) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Test Running and Final Touch (June-September 2005) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Grand Opening (1 October 2005) http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Changes due to project monitored o from January 2003 to March 2006

o before, during and after the project

Monitoring Areas o Land Use

o CBD Industry

o Environment

o Ecology

o Traffic

o Real Estate Changes


Ecology http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf

Fishes:

From 3 to 14 Species

Birds:

18 Species

Insects:

From 7 to 41 Species


The river became a great venue for

biodiversity

Cultural activities are being revived

Cycling and walking was promoted within

the city

Vehicular traffic was improved; bus only

lane and improved subway system

Case Study - Fjord City, Oslo

An urban renewal project for the

waterfront part of Oslo, the first

redevelopment was started in 1980

continuing to 2010 with the development of

the ports of Oslo

Fjord City, Oslo https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3858/14659974720_e1c0484e6f_z.jpg

Case Study - Fjord City, Oslo

The project included the construction and

renewal of residential and commercial

areas, transportation hubs, and cultural

centers

The Thief Hotel http://edgeretreats.com/travel-articles/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/the_thief_oslo2.jpg

Oslo Opera House http://d1fy7ceoqli51q.cloudfront.net/ImageVaultFiles/id_2828/cf_13/opera_norway_740.JPG

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