Urban and physical planning, design andmanagement can contribute to theprevention of crime and violence in a city.

A metropolitan areausually comprisesmultiple jurisdictionsand municipalities:neighborhoods, towns,cities, countries andeven states.Metropolitan areasinclude one or moreurban areas.

AUSTRALIAMUMBAI

A metropolis is a large city orurban area which is asignificant economic, political,and cultural center for acountry or region, importantinternational connections,commerce, and

communications

In the past, metropolis was the designationfor a city or state of origin of a colony.Many large cities founded by ancientcivilizations have been consideredimportant world metropolises of theirtimes due to their large populations andimportance.

Violence in a city is a complexphenomenon, there is evidence that poorurban design decisions result in a poorphysical environment which can increasethe incidence of crime.

For example, the cost of crimeover national is 25% in Colombiaand El Salvador, 12% in Mexicoand Venezuela and 11% inBrazil. Productivity losses anddirect medical costs stemmingfrom domestic violence havebeen estimated at 2% , Chileand Nicaragua 1.6%

Public transportation modesinclude buses, trolleybuses, andtrains,(metro/subways/undergrounds etc).