Urban Open Space Design in Boston and Taipei
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Transcript of Urban Open Space Design in Boston and Taipei
Urban Open Space Design in Boston and Taipei
Jesse Regnier & Pei-Yu Chen
Overview
What is Open Space? Benefits of Open SpaceA Brief History of Open SpaceCase Study - Taipei, TaiwanCase Study - Boston, USAWarp up
What is Open Space?• According to the US EPAOpen space is any open piece of land that is
undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and is accessible to the public.
• Typology of Urban Open SpacePublic parks, Squares and plaza, Memorials, Markets,
Streets, Playgrounds, Community open space, Greenways and linear parkways, Urban wilderness, Atrium/Indoor marketplaces , Found/Neighborhood spaces, Waterfronts.
Benefits of Open Space
• Social Benefits• Environmental Benefits• Economic Benefits• Public Health• Open space serves as a boundary between
incompatible uses and breaks from continuous development.
A Brief History of Open Space
• Agora: in ancient Greek cities, an open space that served as a meeting ground for various activities of the citizens since the 5th century BC.
• Space for daily religious, political, judicial, social, and commercial activity.
• Located either in the middle of the city or near the harbor, which was surrounded by public buildings and by temples.
Jump to Medieval Cities • Plazas similar to the agora• Located in the middle of the city
almost always accompanied by a church
Taipei City, Taiwan
Where is Taiwan?
East Asia
Background of Taipei City
• Located in East Asia• Capital of Taiwan• Area: 104.9 sq miles (Boston: 83.63 sq miles)• Population: >3,000,000 (Boston: 636,479)
City Taipei City Boston New YorkDensity (square miles) 25,000 12,200 27,550
History of Parks Development in TaipeiI. 1683~1895: Qing Dynasty
No parks but private gardens
History of Parks Development in TaipeiII. 1895~1945: Japanese Colonial Period
1896: First park in Taipei, Taiwan- Yuanshan Park
1913: Beitou Park (Convergent Plate Boundary)
History of Parks Development in Taipei
III. 1945~Current: Taiwan(R.O.C)Removed Japanese building/temples/status in
parks1980: Started to build parks with professional
planning and design techniques. 2009: “Taipei City is pretty” project
Types of Parks in Taipei City
I. Nature Park Preserve nature resources.
II. Multifunctional Park Gym, outdoor courts, swimming
pool.
Types of Parks in Taipei City
III. Community Park (<2.5 acres) Imbuing a sense of community.
IV. Riverside Park (Flooding prevention)
Courts, roller-skating pool, bike paths.
The Goal of Creating More Open Spaces
Improve air quality Provide playground/green space
The Goal of Creating More Open Spaces• Mitigate Heat Island
Effect Geographical feature:
Basin Taipei City has urbanized
rapidly since 1967, and urban warming appeared from 1985.
Achievement of Open Space in Taipei City
•Open space 7.7 sq miles•55 sq foot/ per citizenRiverside ParksBlighted land GardensArterials/sidewalks /medians
Parks Distribution Map
Achievement of Open Space in Taipei City
Blighted land Gardens Arterials/sidewalks
Design challenges?
• Limited land for creating more open space.• Accessibility issue (Complete Streets/Public
Transportation)• Weather issue (pavilion)
Daan Forest Park ---
The “Lungs of Taipei City”
Area: 65 acresCreated in 1994
Metro Rapid Transit(MRT) SystemBefore After
Boston, Massachusetts
History of Parks DevelopmentI. 1634: Boston Common Oldest public open space in the nationII. 1838: The Public Garden Boston had far less designated parkland than other comparable cities by
the latter part of the 19th century
View of the water celebration on October 25, 1848
III. 1875: Creation of the Boston Parks CommissionIV. 1878: Boston Hires FLO Sr. Develops comprehensive parks system V. 1856-1891: Emerald Necklace Boston Common Commonwealth Avenue Mall Back Bay Fens (filled brackish swamp) The Riverway Olmsted Park Jamaica Pond Arnold Arboretum Franklin ParkVI. 1892: Creation of the Metropolitan Parks
Commission
The FLO Era
The Emerald Necklace
VII. 1898-1932: Playgrounds 41 playgrounds constructed in 22 wards
VIII.1950: The majority of the open spaces are in placeIX. 1982-1987: Parks deterioration Parks budget slashed in half
X. 1987-present: ReinvestmentXI. Boston now has over 7,000 acres of public and
private parkland Monuments, fountains, statues, footbridges, flower
gardens, trees, athletic fields, squares, playgrounds, golf courses, and malls
Emerald Necklace of larger parks
Open Space Types
Malls, Squares, Plazas Parkways,
Reservations, and Beaches
Parks, Playgrounds, and Athletic Fields
Cemeteries Community Gardens Urban Wilds and
Natural Areas Protected Open Space
How to Protect Open Spaces
• Open Space Plans-5 year action plans• Article 97-An amendment to the Massachusetts
Constitution passed in 1972• Open Space Zoning• Historical designation• Environmental regulations• Conservation restrictions• Conservation land trusts• The “100-foot rule”
Wrap Up
• Open Spaces have been important to humans all over the world for thousands of years
• Open Spaces serve a variety of functions• Creation, funding, and maintenance are all
have there challenges• Must find creative solutions to these
challenges
References• Photograph of Boston, Massachusetts http://
www.braco.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Boston_Ma.jpg • United States Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/region1/eco/uep/openspace.html• Boston Parks and Recreation Department, Open Space Plan for Boston 2008-2014 http://
www.cityofboston.gov/parks/pdfs/OSP2010/OSP0814_5_OpenSpaceInventory.pdf• Urban Geography, Stanley Et Al. pp. 1089-1117. “Urban Open Spaces in Historical Perspective: A
Transdisciplinary Typology and Analysis” Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. 2012. http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/StanleyEtAl-OpenSpaces.pdf
• Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9404/agora• The Boston Common and Public Garden Map http://
citybuilderbookclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2-Boston-Common.png• The Emerald Necklace Map http://allisalleyway.blogspot.com/2012/06/emerald-neclace.html• The Emerald Necklace Map http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-01-30-BlogScan1copy.jpg• City of Boston Parks and Recreation Department http://www.cityofboston.gov/parks/emerald/• National Association for Olmsted Parks
http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-sr
References• Urban Warming and Urban Heat Islands in
Taipei, Taiwan http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-53904-9_12
• Gardens https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WmG_bEBQrjsKZM&tbnid=HtLxauqV36LbjM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absolutechinatours.com%2Fchina-travel%2Fjiangnan-classical-gardens.html&ei=WTeQUs6RCI27kQe6pYHgDQ&bvm=bv.56988011,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNEpzXkQ7R3CPX5rC8wek12vw_R3hg&ust=1385269421704863
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=TVGpO1mJaDvU2M&tbnid=GFyAx8A1kt3LcM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acftu.org.cn%2Ftemplate%2F10002%2Fpage.jsp%3Fcur_page%3D7%26aid%3D386%26cid%3D61&ei=yzeQUoaSH9SMkAfq04HgCw&bvm=bv.56988011,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNEpzXkQ7R3CPX5rC8wek12vw_R3hg&ust=1385269421704863• Vehicles
http://wodumedia.com/population-7-billion/motorists-crowd-at-a-junction-during-rush-hour-in-taipei-on-october-29-2009-there-are-more-than-8-8-million-motorcycles-and-4-8-million-cars-on-taiwans-roads-and-nearly-all-motor-vehicles-and-inh/
References• Taipei City Government - Parks and Street Lights Office
http://pkl.taipei.gov.tw/np.asp?ctNode=46311&mp=106011• Taipei City Government – Department of Urban Development
http://www.udd.taipei.gov.tw/