Ur ba n F ood Securit y and Fo od Ma rke tingin Metr opo litan La ho re, Pa kista n

Report of a worksh op held at Town Hall, Lahore

10th J une 1999

or ga nis ed by Me tr opo lit an Co rpo ra tio n Lah ore

an dAg ri cul tur e and Li ve sto ck Pr odu cts Mark eti ng an d Gra din g Dep art men t(Min ist ry of Fo od, Agri cul tu re and Live sto ck - Gov er nme nt of Pa kis ta n)

un de r t he au spi ces o f t heFo od Su ppl y and Di st rib uti on to Ci ti es I ni tia tiv es of th e

Fo od an d Agr icu ltu re Or gan is ati on of th e Uni ted Na ti ons (FAO)

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FOREWOR D

Th e cit y of Lah ore is faci ng in cre as ing ly se rio us fo od sec ur ity pr ob lem s mai nly as a re sul t of man y con str ai nts af fe cti ng th e way fo odre ac hes th e cit y a nd is re di str ibu te d with in th e w ho le urb an ar ea. S uch co ns tra int s, da ily f ace d b y tra der s, sh opk ee per s a nd tr an spo rte rs , m ean th at co nsu me rs nee d to pay high er th an nec es sar y pri ces fo r acc ess in gfo od , the qu ali ty of wh ich is ofte n les s tha n opti ma l. Low -i nco mein ha bit ant s of Met ro pol ita n Lah ore , est ima te d arou nd 50 pe rc ent of itspr es ent 5. 7 mil lio n inh abi ta nts , f ac e a se ri ous fo od se cur it y r isk .

Fu rt her mor e, in app ro pri ate hygi eni c con dit io ns in ur ban ma rk ets an dst re et foo d sal es ar e caus in g heal th pr obl em s to con sum ers . Suc hpr ob lem s can an d mus t be sol ved . Fin all y, th e qual it y of air an d wat eras well as the ove ra ll env ir onm ent in Laho re , are be ing un de rmi ned byth e gro win g num ber of food -l ade n tru cks , whi ch cre at e traf fi cco ng est ion , and th e inc rea si ng amo un t of org ani c and in org an ic was te ge ne rat ed by ur ban mark ets . The se pr obl ems cont rib ut e to a prog res si vede te rio rat io n o f t he qu ali ty of li fe in ou r cit y.

Th e cit y of Lah ore is expe ct ed to do ubl e its pr ese nt po pul at ion wi th ina de cad e. Su ch hig h urb an gr owt h is lik ely to furt he r incr ea se pov er tyco nd iti ons in the ci ty. Co ns equ ent ly , the fo od sec ur ity of anin cr eas ing u rba n c on sti tue nc ies wi ll pr ogr es siv ely d ete rio ra te.

We should be concerned with the food security of our cities, not onlybecause it is a matter of justice, but also because food security,urban political stability and urban development are linked. We thusneed to face our problems and take adequate steps to ensure that weall have access to good quality and safe food, at the lowest possiblecosts.

Th e cha lle ng es ahe ad ar e n um ero us an d r equ ir e, fir st an d f or emo st, t hat we , the de ci sio n-m ak ers , hav e a pr op er und er sta ndi ng of ho w the fo od re qu ire men ts of La ho re are c urr ent ly sa tis fi ed and w ill be s ati sfi ed in th e nex t fiv e to ten ye ars . Sec ond ly , we nee d to hav e comm on an dco mp reh ens iv e u rba n foo d s ec uri ty po lic ies and str at egi es. A cti on pl ans wi th cl ear ly id ent if ied in st itu tio na l resp on sib ili ti es mus t befo rm ula ted .

Fo r thi s rea son , the Me tro po lit an Co rpo rat io n of Lah ore or ga nis ed, inco ll abo rat io n with the Agr ic ult ura l and Li ve sto ck Pr odu cts Mark eti ng an d Gra din g Dep art me nt (M in ist ry of Fo od, Agri cul tu re and Live sto ck ) aon e- day wo rk sho p, th e m ain c onc lus io ns and r eco mme nd ati ons o f w hic h are su mm ari sed in this brie f rep ort . The wo rks ho p took plac e und er the au sp ice s o f the Fo od an d Agr icu ltu re Or gan is ati on of th e U ni ted Na ti ons (F AO ). Th e obj ect iv e of thi s work sh op was to sens it ise se ni or de ci sio nma ke rs con ce rne d wit h urba n dev elo pm ent an d foo d sec uri ty is sue s abo utth e cha lle ng es tha t rap id ur ban isa ti on and incr eas in g urba n pov ert ypo se on ur ba n food secu rit y, an d the ne ed to ta ke ap pro pri at e,co nc ert ed ac tio n.

Th e con ten t of thi s rep ort is by no mea ns ex hau sti ve . It rep res ent s afi rs t a tte mp t t o l oo k a t t he pr obl em s o f o ur ci ty fr om dif fe ren t a ng les an d she ds so me lig ht on th e key pr ob lem s req uir ing urge nt so lut ion . Itis hope d tha t this repo rt wi ll sti mu lat e fur the r tho ugh t and , inde ed ,ac ti on as we ll as pr ope r col lab ora ti on bet we en the v ari ous i nst itu ti ons an d org ani sa tio ns, both pr iv ate an d pub lic , whi ch ar e invo lv ed, di re ctl y o r ind ire ct ly, in f ood tr ad e a cti vi tie s.

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Me an ing ful and sus ta ina ble solu tio ns to th e foo d sec uri ty pr obl ems fa ci ng Lah or e will only be achi eve d if we al l put ou r work toge the rto wa rds a co mmo n goa l. Und er th e dyn ami c lea der shi p of the Chie fMi ni ste r, Pu nja b, Mr . Sh ab az Sh ar if, th e Met rop ol ita n Cor por ati on La ho re is re ady to p lay it s rol e.

Kh wa ja Ahm ed Ha ss aan ,Lo rd Ma yor ,

Me tr opo lit an Co rpo ra tio n,La ho re

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INTRODUCTION

Urban Food Security and FoodMarketing. A challenge to City andLocal Authorities

The world is becoming more urbanizedand by the year 2025, according to UNprojections, 61 per cent of the worldpopulation will be living in urban areas.How to adequately feed the growingnumbers of the urban consumers, many ofwhom will still be living under povertyconditions, is the challenge.

In some regions, it is the high rateof growth of cities, rather than the level ofurbanization, that is the concern. The wayfood will reach all these areas, and the costat which this will be achieved, is indeed amatter of concern, if the food security ofurban consumers is to be protected.

Urban growth has manyconsequences for the food situation. Itincreases marketed food demand butreduces the availability of productive landin both urban and peri-urban areas. Itmakes existing market areas andinfrastructure inadequate to cope with thegrowing pressures in both rural and urbanareas. Urban expansion modifies food-purchasing habits in favour ofneighbourhood shops and supermarketsand increases the demand for processedfood.

While private food marketingsystems are generally considered flexible,efficient, highly structured and organised,the overall cost borne by consumers maybe very high owing to constraints on farmproduction and on private marketingsystems. Such constraints get compoundedin the context of rapid urban expansion.

As urban food demand rises, foodsupply and distribution systems (FSDSs)have to supply the inhabitants of citieswith increasing amounts of food comingfrom new and, possibly, more distantproduction areas and/or from moreintensive production systems. Urban areascan provide the necessary incentives forincreased national production madepossible by more remunerative producerprices if linkages between production andconsumption areas are strengthened.

Farmers, traders and transporters requirean appropriate legislative and regulatoryframework, transport facilities, credit,investment incentives, skills, etc.

Forms of food distribution andfood processing activities, which simplifymarketing channels, need to be stimulated.

Newly urbanized areas requireadequate space and facilities for privatefood retail activities. They must beadequately planned.

E x p a n d i n g u r b a n f o o drequirements increase the need fortransport as well as market infrastructureand services. An adequate analysis ofmedium and long-term food needs andtheir production sources will help identifyinvestments into rural road constructionand maintenance, as well as into transportfacilities at intra-urban level.

With regard to marketinfrastructure, large number of publicmarkets have burned down manydeveloping countries over the last fewyears, often because of inadequatemaintenance and poor management, or toforce traders into new markets. Thesesudden blows to the local economy haveobvious important financial implicationsfor small traders and entrepreneurs. Theseincidents immediately increase the cost offood access by consumers who are forcedto go to more distant markets for their foodpurchases.

Increasing commercial activitiesin urban markets often lead to highervalued manufactured products pushingfood products into more remote andunhealthy parts of the market or in thestreets around markets, with implicationsfor food quality and safety. Occupation ofland along roads create major trafficdisruptions, with consequent higher fuelconsumption and operating costs.

Both the proliferation and rapidturn-over of casual middlemen in marketsin many developing countries, give theimpression of economic vitality butcomplicate the collection of dues andaffect the profitability of facilities and theability to maintain them. This lowers theeconomic return to business people willingto invest in market and communitydevelopment.

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Urban markets are usually seen asa source of revenues to local town coffers,but those funds are often not adequatelyreinvested in appropriate infrastructuremaintenance and better services. Thisleads to traders feeling that market taxesare not justified and to unrest when theyare increased.

Greater food quantities may alsohave an adverse impact on theenvironment, caused by air pollution andnoise arising from increased traffic, aswell as by growing amounts of marketgarbage.

In almost all cities, marketauthorities guarantee cleaning inside themarkets, but this is rarely adequate.Cleaning is not such a problem for vendorsof manufactured good, but sectionsproducing a great deal of waste (farmproduce, and especially butchers) find itmuch harder to maintain even a minimumlevel of hygiene. These conditions havemajor implications for public health andfood safety.

Butchers and fish sellers requirespecially designed freezer storagefacilities. Some are privately owned, buttoo few of them presently exist, and rent isoften high. The few cold storage roomsthat market managers have built areineff icient , most ly because ofinappropriate design, or do not work at all,for lack of proper maintenance.

Many traders actually live in themarkets, which are sometimes the onlyplaces where the most destitute householdscan find food. Street restaurants areessential in markets, but are often not incompliance with fire-or-food-hygienecodes and practices.

Plans to develop wholesalemarkets away from urban centres are oftendoomed with failure mainly because of aninadequate understanding of how foodmarketing channels work and, particularly,of the cost of food redistribution within thecity.

The need for few markets andmarket rehabilitation programmes needs tobe correctly understood and analysed inthe context of evolving urban conditions.This requires that market infrastructure beadequately integrated into municipal; andcity plans because of their need for land,

sale space, water, electricity, sewerage,cleaning services, security and theirpossible implications for traffic, publichealth and the environment, as well as forhousing and land markets. It is alsonecessary that they adequately respond tothe needs of markets users and that theyare properly managed and maintained.

Improved food marketing systemshelp job creation, notably of women, andtherefore family incomes. Improving theirefficiency should not necessarily mean thedestruction of the small-scale informalsector, which plays an important role insupplying low-cost food to the poorerconsumers. There is, of course, an elementof contradiction between efficiency andsocial objectives in terms of employment,although varying levels of economicdevelopment may well accommodatedifferent "mixtures" of informal and moremodern forms of food distribution.

To achieve this, the role andresponsibilities of public and privatedevelopment actors, part icularlymunicipalities, chambers of commerce andof agriculture need to be recognised.Private trader and consumer associationsmust be fostered and enabled to engage ina constructive dialogue with central andlocal government institutions.

The challenges facing decisionmakers in the years to come, includetherefore how to meet the rapidlyincreasing urban food demand whilstreducing dependence on imports andachieving an efficient and dynamicdistribution of nutritious foodstuffs atreasonable prices to the poorest sectors ofurban populations, while creating jobs inthe food marketing and distribution sector.

Development initiatives should bebased on detailed interdisciplinary analysisof the implications that the future growthof urban food demand and city boundariesis likely to have on food supply, on thestructure and organisation of foodmarketing systems and, finally, on theefficiency with which food will be movedto and distributed within urban areas. Thisshould permit the definition of urbanpolicies and strategies and the preparationof development and investmentprogrammes at urban, peri-urban and rural

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levels, with clearly identified priorities andresponsibilities. Such programmes willreflect the variety of urban situations,specific problems and conflicts, andpresent appropriate solutions.

This is why the identification andsubsequen t implementa t ion o fdevelopment programmes and projects,which span urban and rural areas, requirecollaboration among research anddevelopment organisations as well asamong ins t i tu t ions a t var iousadministrative levels (local and central).

Particular attention needs to bepaid to the strengthening of local technicalcompetence, particularly in the integrationof food distribution into urban spacemanagement and into the preparation ofurban food security policies anddevelopment programmes.

THE WORKSHOP

A wo rks hop o n Ur ba n f ood S ecu rit y and Fo od Ma rke ti ng in La hor e was he ld at To wn Ha ll, Laho re on th e 1 0 Jun e 1 99 9. Itwa s org ani se d b y The Me tro po lit anCo rp ora tio n, La hor e and th e Liv est oc kPr od uct s Mar ket ing a nd Gra di ngDe pa rtment ( Min ist ry of Fo od , Agri cu ltu rean d Liv est oc k, Gov er nme nt of Pa kis ta n),un de r t he au spi ces o f t he Fo od Su ppl y and Di st rib uti on to Ci ti es i ni tia tiv es of th e Foo dan d Agr icu lt ura l Org ani sat io n o f t he Un ite dNa ti ons (FAO). The work sho p pro gra mmeis con tai ne d i n a nn ex 1.

Th e wor ksh op wa s a tt end ed by ab ou t f ift y par tic ip ant s, fr om dif fe ren tFe de ral an d Pro vin ci al Gov er nme nts in st itu tio ns an d Met rop oli ta n/Muni ci pal Co rp ora tio ns of La ho re and Gu jr anwala .Th e lis t o f par tic ip ant s i s in ann ex -2.

Mr. Olivio Argenti, Focal Pointfor FAOÕs initiatives on Food Supply andDistribution to Cities, presented the keynote address. His intervention issummarised in the Introduction: UrbanFood security and Food Marketing. Achallenge to City and Local Authorities.He a lso me nt ion ed th at FAO's t ech ni cal as si sta nce is ava il abl e, su bje ct to ad equ at efu nd ing , t o Cit y a nd Mu nic ip al Aut ho rit ies to i mpr ove t he eff ic ien cy of fo od su ppl y a nd

di st rib uti on sy ste ms an d i n pro tec ti ng urb an fo od se cur it y, as we ll as pr omo tin gte ch nic al co lla bor at ion be tween twin ned ci ti es.

Mr . Kh wa ja Ahmed Ha ss aan , Lor dMa yo r, Met ro pol ita n Cor por at ion La ho re(MCL) ment io ned th at fe w a ct ivi tie s hav ebe en in iti at ed in La hor e f or impro vi ng the su pp ly of fo od to La hor e u nd er acc ep tab lehy gi eni c c on dit ion s. Th ese i ncl ude d the in it iat ive f or con st ruc tio n of the sl au ght erh ou se, mi lk pa st eur izi ng pl ant s and es ta bli shmen t o f f oo d t est in g l abo ra tor ies .He r eco gni se d, howev er, th at th e i ss ues at st ak e a re co mpl ex an d r equ ir ed app ro pri ate at te nti on. He c ons eq uen tly s tre sse d the ne ed to s tre ngt he n t he te chn ica l cap aci ty of th est af f o f MCL fo r mor e t ech ni cal ly so und de ci sio ns on ur ban f ood se cu rit y a nd fo odma rk eti ng ma tte rs. The Lor d May or st res sed th e urg enc y to cou nt wi th ac cur ate s tud ies of f ood su pp ly and d ist rib ut ion sy st ems to La ho re wit h a v iew t o i den ti fy cur re nt and an ti cip ate d con str ai nts .

Th e chi ef gu est , Mr. Ja ha ngi r Kha nTa re en, Ch ai rma n o f the Ch ie f Mini st erÕ sTa sk Fo rce o n Agri cu ltu re (Punj ab) , sai dth at th e Chi ef Min is ter an d himsel f wil l l oo kwi th gr eat i nte res t at imp le men tin g pla nsan d pro gra mmes pro po sal s a imed atimpr ovi ng fo od sup pl y t o Lah ore . Hest re sse d t he sp eci fi c n eed t o d eve lo p pe ri -ur ba n a gri cu ltu re to impro ve th e f oo dsu pp ly to La hor e.

Pl en ary di sc uss ion s - l ead b y Mr.O. Arge nti , FAO as si ste d b y Mr. M. I qba l,UNDP-Qu ett a - t ouc he d u pon a la rge nu mb er of in ter rel at ed asp ec ts, wh ic h a resu mmari sed b elo w.

Summary of Workshop Discussions andRecommendations

Pa ki sta n i s a l arg e cou ntr y of 145 mill ion pe op le hav in g a n a ve rag e p er ca pit a inc ome of a bou t US$ 50 0. La hor e i s the se co ndla rg est ci ty wi th an of fic ia l p opu la tio nes ti mat ed at 5.7 mil lio n g ro win g a t anan nu al ra te of 4.5 per cen t. Ac cor di ng toun of fic ial s our ces , Lah ore h as a p op ula tio nof 7 .5 mil li on, gr owing at a ra te gr eat er th an10 p erc ent p er ann um. Thus , the po pu lat ion of Laho re is ex pec te d t o d ou ble in 7 -8 yea rs ti me . Suc h a h igh g rowth ra te is du e t o h ig hbi rt h r ate ( aro und 2 .8 per ce nt) an d an

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al ar min gly h igh ra te of ru ra l migr at ion to La ho re. As a re sul t, th e n umber of Ka ch iAb ad is (sl um ar eas ) is fas t inc rea si ng and th e cur ren t lev el of po ver ty 1 i n Lah ore ,es ti mat ed at 50 pe rc ent , i s exp ect ed to gr owfu rt her .

Fo od pr ice s are ve ry hi gh an dun st abl e f or th e p oo r i n Lah ore 2. Th etr an spo rt co sts ar e hig h. Th e mark et ing ma rg in ran ge s f rom 3 0-1 00 pe rce nt fo rce re als , p ul ses , v eg eta ble s and da ir y a ndli ve sto ck pr odu cts . The ma rk eti ng ma rgi nsar e equ all y sha red b etween c ost s a nd pr of its . No foo d i s gro wn wi thi n u rb anar ea s. Almos t a ll po ult ry me at, le ss th an 50 pe rc ent of g oat me at an d 2 0 per cen t ofve ge tab les c ome fr om pe ri -ur ban a rea s o fLa ho re. Th e remain de r c ome s fro m d is tan tru ra l a rea s.

Th e c it y i s g ro win g wit h o nly li mi ted to wn pl ann in g a nd ma nag eme nt ,re su lti ng in in ade qu ate in fr ast ruc tu re and fa ci lit ies . Thi s i s par tic ul arl y s o for tr an spo rta ti on and f ood ma rk eti ng fa cil iti es .Th er e i s n o who les al e mark et of ce re als an dpu ls es in th e c ity . Out of t he thr ee fr uit a ndve ge tab le wh ole sal e mar ket s, wh ich were de ve lop ed at le ast 2 0 y ear s bac k, on e h asne ve r f unc ti one d, wh ile th e sec ond i sfu nc tio nin g onl y p ar tly . The on lyfu nc tio nin g who les al e mark et , t hat i nBa da mi Ba gh , i s f ac ing a se rio us co nge sti on pr ob lem du e to the h igh nu mb er of lo rri es as we ll as po or pa rki ng , b ert hi ng, st or age ,dr ai nag e wat er and s ani tat io n f aci li tie s.Ac ce ss roa ds to wh ol esa le ma rke ts ar e i nba d con dit io ns cau si ng tra ff ic con ge sti onan d del ays i n t ran sp ort ati on of ma rk ete dpe ri sha ble i tems. Th is si tu ati on,co mp oun ded b y i nad eq uat e p ac kag ing pr ac tic es, r esu lts i n p oor h ygi ene a nd hig hfo od lo sse s.

Th e lac k o f imp lemen tat ion o fex is tin g l aws e xac er bat es th e p rob le ms.Se rv ice s a nd fa cil it ies be in g p rov id ed byma rk et commi tte es ar e i nsu ff ici ent f orpr op er gra di ng, pa ck ing an d sto rag e of foo dit ems. The se ag enc ie s s pen d onl y a l itt lepe rc ent age o f t hei r ear nin gs on th e pro vis io n

1 Th e poo r are th os e w hos e mon thly income isless th an Rs . 3,0 00/- per mo nth.2 Th e prices o f f ood item s in Lah ore, asco mp ared to oth er cities o f Pun jab , are 5- 10 %high er.

of r equ ire d fac ili ti es. Th e hig h c os t o f l an dan d non -pr ov isi on of fu nds f or dev el opment of mark ets b y l oca l gov ern me nt wil l hav e a fu rt her ne ga tiv e i mp act . Cur ren t l aws a ndre gu lat ion s do not a ttr act p riv ate in ve stment s.

Th e Mar ket Committ ee Ac t, wh ich go ve rns wh ol esa le an d r eta il ma rke tac ti vit ies , was pr omulg ate d in 193 9 and ha sbe co me out da ted to a deq uat el y a ddr es s t hecu rr ent fo od pr obl ems t o e ns ure th e sup ply of s afe fo od , u nde r hyg ien ic co ndi ti ons , t oth e urb an ma sse s. Ou t o f a bo ut 20 mi lli onli tr es of mi lk bei ng su ppl ie d t o Lah ore da il y,on ly 3.5 mil lio n l it res ar e pa st eur ize d. Th ere ma ind er is of ten a dul ter at ed and t heMe tr opo lit an Co rpo ra tio n Lah ore (MCL) i sun ab le to co ntr ol th is sit ua tio n. Th e l aw on fo od hy gie ne is al so an ol d one an d doe s n ot pr op erl y p en ali se th e a dul te rat ors .

Th e hea vy an d s low movi ng tr aff icha s mad e Lah ore ve ry po llu te d a nd adi ff icu lt ci ty in wh ich to l ive . Mul tip leta xa tio n o n dif fer en t f ood i tems t o the ci ty ma ke s f ood e xpe nsi ve . I nvo lv eme nt of anu mb er of ag enc ies f or lic en sin g a nd re gu lat ing t he foo d tra de, with out a deq uat eco or din ati on , make s the re ta il lev el fo odtr ad e a di ff icu lt bu sin ess . Con sumer s a re no tawar e o f t he ir rig ht s no r of the i mpo rta nc eof o bta ini ng hy gie ni cal ly sa fe foo d. Th isle ad s t o h ig h r ate o f o ccu rr enc e o f die tre la ted di se ase s. Th e i nad eq uat ema na gement o f mark et wa ste ( bot h o rg ani can d ino rga ni c) is an ad dit io nal so ur ce of an un he alt hy en vir onmen t.

Al l the se fa cto rs ha ve led t ode te rio rat io n o f a n alr ead y ine ffi ci ent fo od su pp ly and d ist rib ut ion sy st em in th e Laho re Me tr opo lis . The Me tr opo lit an Co rpo ra tio nLa ho re (MCL) is bu il din g a n ewsl au ght erh ou se and a mi lk pa ste uri si ng pla nt ne ar La hor e whi ch ar e e xpe ct ed to be fu nc tio nal i n 2 001 . Howeve r, th ere s eems t obe i nsu ffi ci ent co or din ati on be twe en MCLwi th ot her Gove rnmen t i nst it uti ons : Foo d,Ag ri cul tur e, Li ves to ck, Fi sh eri es an d Heal th of t he pro vi nci al Go ver nme nt of th e Pun jab .

Th e cit y o f Lah ore a lso ne ed s t ode ve lop an e ffi cie nt an d c ompre hen si vefo od re tai l sys tem, to cat er fo r t he ne eds o fit s exp and in g p opu la tio n. Su ch a s ys temsh ou ld acc ommod ate t he lar ge nu mbe r ofin fo rma l s tr eet ve nd ors an d pro mot e mic rofo od re tai l ent erp ri ses , t hu s c rea ti ng job

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op po rtu nit ie s. Simil arl y, wi th res pe ct tome et ing va lu e-a dde d foo d n ee ds. Mi cr ofo od pr oce ss ing en te rpr ise s, wh ich n eed to be s timula te d, wil l gen era te in comeop po rtu nit ie s p art ic ula rly f or women .

At t he rur al le vel e ith er no or le ss fa rm to ma rk et roa ds ex ist . The tr an spo rta ti on cos ts fo r t he pe ris ha ble co mmodi ty ra nge fr om 10 pe rc ent to 2 5pe rc ent of t he pri ce s r ece iv ed by fa rme rs.Th is is ev en hi ghe r whe n t he re is a glu tsi tu ati on in th e mar ket .

Th e MCL an d the Mi ni str y o fAg ri cul tur e con sid er it ne ce ssa ry to in cre as eth e flo w o f foo d p ro duc ts fr om pe ri -ur ban ar ea s ( mai nl y f rui ts an d v eg eta ble s, po ult ry an d liv est oc k) and n eed to d efi ne sp eci fic st ra teg ies a nd int er ven tio n pro gra mmes for th e dev elo pment of pe ri -ur ban a gri cul tu re.

If an effort is not made to sensitisethe local decision-makers and enhancetheir technical skills to identify andaddress the problems on time, the wholefood supply and distribution system may

collapse. This will not only put at risk thesurvival of the families of a large numberof small traders, market carriers and streetvendors, whose jobs depend on foodmarketing, but it will also endanger thefood security of the urban masses and theurban poor in particular.

Sy nt hes is of wo rk- gr oup di sc uss ions

Pa rt ici pan ts fo rme d fiv e g ro ups (s ee li st in an ne x 3 ) t o dis cus s the fo ll owi ng to pic s:(1) Wh ol esa le Ma rke ts; (2) Re ta il Mar ke ts; (3) Fo od Tr ade a nd the Envi ron me nt; (4) Le gi sla tio n, Re gul at ion an d Pri vat e

In ve stment s; (5) Ru ra l-Urba n Lin kag es .

Ea ch gr oup i den tif ie d k eypr ob lems, th eir ex pe cte d c on seq uen ce s, and th e req uir ed in ter ve nti ons . The ir fi ndi ngs ar e summar is ed bel ow.

Gr oup 1: Wholesale MarketsKey problems Recommendations

· Wholesale market for food grains does not exist in Lahore.· Existing wholesale markets for fruits and vegetables have inadequate

space and parking for the vehicles, waste disposal, water and sanitationfacilities.

· Markets for livestock are insufficient and have inadequate facilities forboth traders and animals.

· Establish a wholesale market for grains.· Remove encroachments, organise/regulate vehicular traffic and improve

sanitation including solid waste disposal.· Expand livestock market and improve facilities both for traders and

animals in the existing markets.

Gr oup 2: Retail MarketsKey problems Recommendations

· The city has inadequate retail markets.· Unhygienic conditions of retail markets cause unhealthy environment and

health hazards.· Congested retail markets.· Processors/wholesalers do not regularly supply the food items to the

retailers.· Retailers do not get warranty of the food being supplied to them by

processors and wholesalers.· Interference of different agencies makes the retail level business difficult.· Excessive taxation thereby increasing food prices.· Absence of laws protecting consumer interests.

· Proper retail markets need to be developed, which would alsoaccommodate the large number of street vendors.

· Improve cleanliness, sanitation and hygiene in retail markets.· Remove encroachments from retail markets and regulate vehicle parking.· Improve business norms and ethics thereby socially obliging

processors/wholesalers to ensure regular supplies.· Formulate/enforce relevant regulations.· Clearly define role of institutions/agencies, and avoid duplication.· Rationalise taxation to avoid financial burden on food insecure urban

consumer.· Introduce laws protecting consumer interests, such as, Consumer

Protection Act.

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Gr oup 3: Food T rade and the EnvironmentKey problems Recommendations

· Dumping of garbage and solid waste both in wholesale and retail marketplaces.

· Absence of recycling facilities.· Extensive use of wooden crates packing encouraging deforestation.· Extensive use of polyethylene packing.· Weak quality control allowing entry of uncleaned and unsorted produce

into the market.

· Adequate arrangements for timely disposal of garbage and solid waste.· Establish recycling plants.· Encourage use of cardboard packaging.· Encourage use of paper bags and for immediate remedy arrange

collection and proper disposal of used polyethylene packing.· Exercise strict quality control.

Gr oup 4: L egislation, R egulation and Pr ivate Inves tmentsKey problems Recommendations

· Laws and rules are outdated and not commensurate with the present foodsupply and distribution system.

· Rules and regulations are not known by majority of the traders,transporters and consumers.

· Rules and regulations are not being strictly imposed for ensuring the foodquality and safety.

· Undue harassment by police and other agencies.

· Review and revise rules and regulations to make them commensuratewith present and future requirements.

· Create adequate awareness about laws relating to food supply, qualityand safety.

· Strictly enforce food laws.· Role of different agencies to be made clear and facilitative for food

marketing.

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Gr oup 5: R ur al-Urban Linkage sKey problems Recommendations

· Inadequate farm to market roads.· Poor crop planning and marketing in response to market demand.· Lack of processing and storage facilities in production areas.· Food, especially perishables, transported over long distance to feed urban

consumers.· Urban food supplies not keeping pace with rapidly increasing demand.· Lack of group activities.

· Develop farm to market roads network.· Improve marketing extension services especially market information to

guide market oriented production.· Develop adequate facilities for primary processing and storage in close

vicinity of production areas.· Undertake programmers for the developments of peri urban agriculture.· Encourage adoption of improved technologies to enhance food

production/supplies and reduce distribution losses.· Encourage formation of producer and consumer groups and their direct

interactions.

Annex 1WORKSHOP AGENDA

1Oth June 1999

08:30 Ð 09:00 Registration of Participants and Arrival of Chief Guest

Opening Session: Chief Guest, Mr. Jahangir Khan Tareen,Chairman, Chief MinisterÕs Task Force on Agriculture

0900 -- 0905 Recitation from the Holy Quran0905 -- 0910 Welcome address by Mr. Saifullah Khan Khattak, ALMA,

Islamabad0910 -- 0940 Keynote Address by Mr. Olivio Argenti, Focal Point, 's

Initiatives on Food Supply and Distribution to Cities, FAO,Rome, Italy

0940 -- 0950 Keynote Address by Mr. Khwaja Ahmed Hassaan, LordMayor, Metropolitan Corporation Lahore

0950 -- 1000 Opening Address by Chief Guest

1000 -- 1030 Tea Break

Working Session 1:1030 -- 1250 Discussion in plenary (discussion leader: Olivio Argenti, FAO,

Rome)1250 -- 1300 Formulation of Working Groups and Their Terms of

Discussion

1300 -- 1400 Lunch

Working Session 2:1400 -- 1530 Work-groups:

1. Whol esale Markets; 2. Retail Mar kets; 3. Food Tr ade and the E nvi ronment; 4. Legi slation, Regul at ion and Pri vat e Invest ments;5. Rural-Urban Linkages.

1530 -- 1545 Tea

Closing Session: Chief Guest Mr. Khwaja Ahmed Hassaan, Lord Mayor, LahoreMCL

1545 -- 1615 Presentations by Working Groups and Discussion in Plenary ofthe Conclusions and Recommendations

1615 -- 1630 Closing Remarks by Chief GuestClosure of the workshop

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Annex 2: List of Registered Participants

Mr. Jahangir Khan Tareen,Chairman Task Force on AgriculturePunjab Agriculture Department,Agriculture House,21 Davis Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9200745&749Fax#: 042-9200768

Khwaja Ahmed Hassaan,Lord Mayor,Metropolitan Corporation, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9211022, 042-9211029Fax #: 042-9211050

Mr. Adel Muhammad Aboul Naga,FAO Representative,FAO, IslamabadPh # 051-279081Fax #: 051-824371E-mail: FAO-PAK@field.fao.org

Mr. Olivio Argenti,Focal Point for FAOÕs initiatives onFood Supply and Distribution to Cities,B-618 Ð AGSMFAOViale delle Terme di Caracalla00100 Rome Ð ItalyPh # 0039-06 5705 5119Fax #: 0039-06 5705 6850E-mail: olivio.argenti@fao.org

Mr. Saifullah Khan Khattak,Agricultural and Livestock MarketingAdviser,Agricultural and Livestock ProductsMarketing and Grading Department,Block 6-A, 2nd Floor, F-7 Markaz,Islamabad.Ph #: 051-9216700Fax #: 051-9214063E-mail: dalpmg@apollo.net.pk

Syed Mohammad Ali,Programme Officer,FAO, Islamabad,Ph #: 051-820238Fax #: 051-824371E-mail: FAO-PAK@field.fao.org

Mr. Shahab Khawaja,Secretary to the Govt. of Punjab,Livestock Department,Civil Secretariat,Lahore.Ph #: 042-9210526, 22Fax#: 042-9210526

Mr. Junaid Iqbal,Secretary to the Government ofPunjab,Food Department,Civil Secretariat, LahorePh #: 042-9210514Fax#: 042-9210515E-mail: olivio.argenti@fao.org

Mr. Sultan Ali Chaudhary,Former Minister of Agriculture, Punjaband President,Punjab Chamber of Agriculture,27 Ali Block,New Garden Town, Lahore.Ph #: 042-5863103Fax#: 042-5868066E-mail: msugar@lhr.brain.pk

Maj. Gen. Muhammad Salim Malik,Managing Director,PASSCO,54 Lawrance Road, Lahore

Mr. Sajjad Zaheer Malik,Director General (Livestock),Livestock & Dairy DevelopmentDepartment,16-Cooper Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9201117

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Syed Ahmed Shah,FAO National MIS Expert,DALPMG, IslamabadPh #: 051-9207609Fax #: 051-9214063,051-9207609E-mail: dalpmg@apollo.net.pk

Mr. Muhammad Iqbal,Marketing & Post HarvestManagement Adviser,Area Development ProgrammeBalochistan (UNDP)Zangi Lora Park,Opposite University of Balochistan,P.O.Box 107,Saryab Road, Quetta.Ph #: 081-9211638Fax#: 081-443621

Mr. Ghulam Qadir Khan,Mayor,Municipal Corporation, Gujranwala,21 - A, Sattlite Town,Gujranwala.Ph #: 0431-273066

Dr. Asad-ur-Rehman Bhatti,Director Health Services,Metropolitan Corporation, Lahore

Mr. Waheed Ahmad Butt,Director (Town Planning),Metropolitan Corporation, LahorePh #: 042-9211263Fax#: 042-9211050E-mail:mubushar@hotmail.com

Mr. Malik Khalil Ahmad Sultan,Administrator,Market Committee Multan Road,96-Mehran Block,Allama Iqbal Town, LahorePh #: 042-5422796

Mr. Ghulam Muhammad,Director Agriculture (E&M) PunjabAgriculture Department, Punjab.21- Davis Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9200762Fax#: 042-9200744

Mr. Khushnud Ahmed Qureshi,Chief Public Relations Officer,Metropolitan Corporation, LahoreShahra-I-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9211657

Major (R ) Zafar Hayat Niazi,Managing Director,Solid Waste Management Group,Metropolitan Corporation, LahoreLyton Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-7324461Fax#: 042-7234657

Dr. Hamid Jalil,Director Veterinary Services,Metropolitan Corporation, LahorePh #: 042-9211275

Col. (R) Shuja Ullah Tarar,General Manager,PASSCO,54-Lawrance Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-6374353Fax#: 042-6370296

Maj. (R) Muhammad Akram,General Manager (Audit),PASSCO,54- Lawrance Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-6370298Fax#: 042-6370296

Dr. Bashir Mahmood Bhatti,Director,Poultry Research Institute,Muree Road, Rawalpindi.Ph #: 051-9290173Fax#: 051-9290171

Dr. Muhammad Nasir Baig,Veterinary Officer (P&E),Livestock & Dairy Development,Directorate (P&E), L & DD, Punjab,16-Cooper Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9201130Fax#: 042-6366368E-mail: gtzpe@brain.net.pk

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Mr. Grosse Herrenthey,Chief Technical Advisor,Livestock & Dairy DevelopmentDepartment,16-Cooper Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-9201130Fax#: 042-6366368

Dr. Masood Ashraf,Officer Incharge, Food Dept.Metropolitan Corporation, LahorePh #: 042-9211590

Mr. M. Parwaiz Akbar (Retd.),General Manager(PASSCO),54-Lawrance Road, Lahore,Ph #: 042-6370983

Dr. Muhammad Altaf Akbar Khan,Deputy Director Food,Sargodha Division, Sargodha.Punjab Food Department,Ph #: 0451-723835

Mr. Bilal Aslam Sufi,Chairman,Pakistan Flour Mills Association,101, Latif Plaza, 103, Ferozpur Road,Lahore.Ph #: 042-7596330-75773967Fax#: 042-7573967

Mr. Mohammad Khaleeque Arshad,Director,Supreme Flour Mills,78-Shadman II, Lahore.Ph #: 042-7540601-4; 7551405-8Fax#: 042-7540605

Mr. Mohsin Mushtaq Chandna,Director Local Government, Lahore.Local Government Complex,Sanda Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-7224823Fax#: 042-7225599

Mr. Haji Muhammad SharifChopra,President, Rice Dealers Association,Ghala Mandi,

Moor Khunda,District Sheikhupura.Ph #: 0494-72235Fax#: 0494-72735

Mr. Jawwad Rafique Malik,Deputy Director Food-LahoreDivision,Food Department, Punjab,4-D Lytton Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-7353094Fax#: 042-7242171

Brig. (R) Nisar Ali,General Manager (PASSCO),54 - Lawrance Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-6316620Fax#: 042-6370296

Mr. M. Saeed,President,Pakistan Society of SugarTechnologies,Hussain Sugar Mills,Jaranwala (FBD).Ph #: 0468-312698Fax#: 0468-312799

Mr. Shafiq Ahmad,Public Analyst,Health Department, MultanPh #: 061-75280

Mr. Zakir Hussain Shah,FAO Consultant,DALPMG, MINFAL,Islamabad.Ph #: 051-9207609E-mail: dalpmg@apollo.net.pk

Ch. Javed Iqbal,Deputy Director (Food),Food Department, GujranwalaDivision.Ph #: 0431-257008

Mr. Mazhar ul Haq Baluch,Research Economist,Punjab Economic Research Institute,184 Ð M. Gulberg-III, Lahore.

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Ph #: 042-5837059Fax#: 042-5884948

Mr. Mubashar Hussain,Town Planning Officer,Metropolitan Corporation, LahorePh #: 042-9211263Fax#: 042-9211050E-mail: mubashar@hotmail.com

Mrs. Qamar Shaheen,Government Public Analyst,Health Department6 Ð Birdwood Road, Lahore.Ph #: 042-7576529

Mr. Muhammad Jamil,Assistant Director (Agri),Agricultural and Livestock ProductsMarketing and Grading Department,Block 6-A, 2nd Floor, F-7 Markaz,Islamabad.Ph #: 051-9207609Fax#: 051-9214063E-mail: dalpmg@apollo.net.pk

Mr. Ilyas Anjum,Senior Marketing Officer (Prices),Agricultural and Livestock ProductsMarketing and Grading Department,Block 6-A, 2nd Floor, F-7 Markaz,Islamabad.Ph #: 051-9207609Fax#: 051-9214063

Mr. Sikandar Shah,Research Officer (Agri),Agricultural and Livestock ProductsMarketing and Grading Department,Block 6-A, 2nd Floor, F-7 Markaz,Islamabad.

Ph #: 051-9207609Fax#: 051-9214063E-mail: dalpmg@apollo.net.pk

Mr. Azhar Latif,Agriculture Officer (E & M),Punjab Agriculture Department,21 Davis Road Lahore.Ph #: 042-9200754Fax #: 042-9200744

Mr. Majid Abdullah,Director,Sunny Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd,40-N- Industrial Area,Gulberg Ð II, Lahore.Ph #: 042-5763361Fax#: 042-5758233

Mr. K. Iqbal TalibManaging director,Noon Sugar Mills,1st Floor Alfalah Building,Lahore.

Choudhry Zulfiqar Ali,Administrator,Market Committee, Badami Bagh,Lahore

Mehr Manzoor Hussain,Secretary,Market Committee, Badami Bagh,Lahore.

Mr. Muhammad Sharif,Additional Director,Punjab Food Department,4 Lytton Road, LahorePh #: 042-7357630Fax #: 042-7842747

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Annex 3Discussion GroupsÕ Participants

Group 1: Wholesale Markets

1. Mr. Saifullah Khan Khattak2. Mr. Ilyas Anjum3. Mr. Manzoor Hussain4. Mr. Muhammad Azhar Latif

Group 2: Retail Markets

1. Mr. Muhammad Khalil Arshad2. Mrs. Qamar Shaheen3. Mr. Javaid Anwar4. Mr. Javed Iqbal5. Dr. Masood Ashraf6. Ch. Muneer Ahmed

Group 3: Food Trade and the Environment

1. Mr. Mazhar-ul-Haque Baloch2. Mr. Shafiq Ahmed3. Syed Zakir Hussain Shah4. Mr. Muhammad Jamil5. Dr. Hamid Jalil6. Maj (R ) Zafar Hayat Niazi7. Mr. Khushnood Ahmed Qureshi

Group 4: Legislation, Regulation and Private Investment

1. Mr. Muhammad Sharif2. Major Muhammad Akram3. Mr. Sikandar Shah4. Mr. Jawaad Rafique5. Dr. Asad-ur-Rehman Bhatti

Group 5: Rural Urban Linkages

1. Mr. Altaf Akbar Khan2. Mr. Manzoor Ahmed3. Dr. Bashir Ahmed4. Mr. Mubashar Hussain5. Mr. Waheed Butt