UPSC PAPERSenglish

7/29/2019 UPSC PAPERSenglish

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In the UPSC Civil Service Mains Exam, youve to face a compulsory Englishlanguage paper worth 300 marks.

Although the marks scored in this paper, are not counted in the final merit list, butif you fail in this paper, they will not check your other papers and thus you missthe interview train.

In the UPSC 2010, total 819 candidates failed in the compulsory English paper.Therefore, you must not take the Compulsory English language paper lightly.

http://www.jbigdeal.com/2010/12/cds-

english-question-papers-solved-2011-

pdf-free-download.html

UPSC CDS Syllabus

Standard of the exam

The standard of the papers in Elementary Mathematics will

be of Matriculation level. The standard of papers in other

subjects will approximately be such as may be expected of

a graduate of an Indian University.

English Syllabus

The question paper will be designed to test the candidates'

understanding of English and workmanlike use of words.

General Knowledge Syllabus

General Knowledge including knowledge of current events

and of such matters of everyday observation and

experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected
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of an educated person who has not made a special study

of any scientific subject. The paper will also include

questions on History of India and Geography of a nature

which candidate should be able to answer without specialstudy.

Elementary Mathematics Syllabus

Arithmetic

Number System-Natural numbers, Integers, Rational and

Real numbers. Fundamental operations addition,

subtraction, multiplication, division, Square roots, Decimal

fractions.

Unitary method-time and distance, time and work,

percentages, applications to simple and compound

interest, profit and loss, ratio and proportion, variation.

Elementary Number Theory- Division algorithm. Prime and

composite numbers. Tests of divisibility by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and

11. Multiples and factors. Factorisation Theorem. H.C.F.

and L.C.M. Euclidean algorithm, Logarithms to base 10,

laws of logarithms, use of logarithmic tables.

Algebra

Basic Operations, simple factors, Remainder Theorem,

H.C.F., L.C.M. Theory of polynomials, solutions of quadratic

equations, relation between its roots and coefficients (Only

real roots to be considered). Simultaneous linear equations


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in two unknowns-analytical and graphical solutions.

Simultaneous linear equations in two variables and their

solutions. Practical problems leading to two simultaneous

linear equations or inequations in two variables orquadratic equations in one variable & their solutions. Set

language and set notation, Rational expressions and

conditional identities, Laws of indices.

Trigonometry

Sine x, cosine x, Tangent x when 0< x < 90

degrees, Values of sin x, cos x and tan x, for x = 0, 30, 45,

60 and 90degrees, Simple trigonometric identities, Use of

trigonometric tables, simple cases of heights and

distances.

Geometry

Lines and angles, Plane and plane figures, Theorems on (i)

Properties of angles at a point (ii) Parallel lines, (iii) Sides

and angles of a triangle, (iv) Congruency of triangles, (v)

Similar triangles, (vi) Concurrence of medians and

altitudes, (vii) Properties of angles, sides and diagonals of

a parallelogram, rectangle and square (viii) Circles and its

properties including tangents and normals, (ix) Loci.

Mensuration

Areas of squares, rectangles, parallelograms, triangle and

circle. Areas of figures which can be split up into these

figures (Field Book), Surface area and volume of cuboids,


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lateral surface and volume of right circular cones and

cylinders, surface area and volume of spheres.

Statistics

Collection and tabulation of statistical data, Graphical

representation frequency polygons, histograms, bar

charts, pie charts etc. Measures of central tendency.

Intelligence and Personality TestIn addition to the interview the candidates will be

put to Intelligence Tests both verbal and non-verbal, designed to assess their basic intelligence.

They will also be put to Group Tests such as group

discussions, group planning, outdoor group tasks,

and asked to give brief lectures on specified

subjects. All these tests are intended to judge the

mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is

really an assessment of not only his intellectual

qualities but also his social traits and interests incurrent affairs.The level of mathematics is of Xth standard and hence

is not difficult to prepare. For the remaining subjects too, i.e. English and

GK, extra preparation is not necessary if you are observant in nature and are

aware about current affairs. A good command over English is enough to ace

the English section of the exam. A brief about each subject and the topics to

cover for the exam:

English: The questions will test the candidates understanding of English.

General Knowledge: General Knowledge including knowledge of current affairs,

history of the country and general geography.

Elementary Mathematics : This will include topics like Arithmetic,

Algebra,Trigonometry, Geometry, Mensuration, Statistics.


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How to Prepare compulsory English

Language Paper for UPSC Mains?1. Just solve all the previous years question paper given below. Want PDF file?

Then Click me to download2. ifyoure really weak , then use theCompulsory English for Civil and Judicial

Services by AP Bhardwaj (TMH Publication)

1997

Q. 1. Write an essay of about 300 words on any one of the following : 100(a) Tolerance is the key to national unity(b) Your idea of a happy life(c) Advertisements : need for control(d) Is vegetarianism a virtue ?(e) Failures are the pillars of success

Q. 2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow in

your own words as far as possible. 75

It is true that the smokers cause some nuisance to the non-smokers, but this nuisance is

physical while the nuisance that the non-smokers cause the smokers is spiritual. Thereare, of course, a lot of non-smokers who don't try to interfere with the smokers. It issometimes assumed that the non-smokers are morally superior, not realizing that theyhave missed one of the greatest pleasures of mankind. I am willing to allow that smokingis a moral weakness, but on the other hand we must beware of a man without weakness.He is not to be trusted. He is apt to be always sober and he cannot make a single mistake.His habits are too regular, his existence too mechanical and his head always maintains itssupremacy over his heart. Much as I like reasonable persons, I hate completely rationalbeings. For that reason, I am always scared and ill at ease when I enter a house in whichthere are no ash-trays.

The room is apt to be too clean and orderly, and the people are apt to be correct andunemotional. Now the moral and spiritual benefits of smoking have never beenappreciated by these correct, righteous, unemotional and unpoetic souls. In my opinionthe smokers' morality is, on the whole, higher than that of the non-smokers. The manwith a pipe in his mouth is the man after my heart. He is more genial, more open-hearted,and he is often brilliant in conversation. As Thackeray observes, "The pipe draws wisdomfrom the lips, of the philosopher and shuts up the mouth of the foolish; it generates a styleof conversation that is contemplative, thoughtful, benevolent and unaffected."
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(a) What kind of hardship do .a smoker and a non-smoker cause to each other ? 15(b) Why is it wrong to think that a non-smoker is morally superior to a smoker ? 15(c) Why is a man without any moral weakness untrustworthy ? 15(d) What pleasure of life is missed by a non-smoker ? 15(e) What does Thackeray mean to say ? 15

Q. 3. Make a precis of the following passage in about 230 words. As far as possible,

the precis should be in your own words. It should be written on the special sheets

provided, which should be fastened securely inside the answer book. State the

number of words in your answer. 75N.B. : Marks will be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter than the prescribedlength.In our country begging has become a profession and the beggars continue to increase innumbers. So, vast indeed is the fraternity of these beggars that foreigners visiting India,especially ,cities like Varanasi, our cities of pilgrimage, have been led to call our citiesthe cities of beggars and of dust ! There are no statistics available for estimating their

number, but that is not needed for our present purpose. Of course, any practical reform inthis matter does not require a close investigation into the causes and conditions of theexistence of beggars, but we are here concerned with the question of seeing how thesebeggars live and what, in particular, is the effect on society of their existence.

As already suggested, the vastness of the number of the Indian beggars is evident to anyvisitor from a foreign country. The causes of the increase in the number of beggars aremany, but of these we may just consider only a few. For good or evil, Indians have beenvery religious in their outlook on life, and also very generous and hospitable towardsthose who go to them for begging. Our Puranas and Shastras point out that giving charityto beggars ensures Moksha in the next world. The social conscience deveolped from such

an article of faith has been the main cause of the increase in the number of beggars. Theyare always sure of finding people anxious to go to heaven by offering doles and donationsto the needy and so they are thriving. There are many beggars whose profession has beenhereditary a strange perversion of human nature, which, as we are told, ought to eat outof the sweat of its brow. The most amusing spectacle from the point of view of reason, isto see able-bodied persons, dressed in abundance of rags and many coloured clotheswandering about the streets and going from house to house regularly at certain hours forno more serious a purpose than that of begging ! This might be seen at almost any villageand town in our country. For ages uncounted this thing has been going on. The ignorantmasses have a fear of the curse supposed to emanate from the mouths of angered beggars,and thus the beggars get more than they need. In fact, strange as it might seem, aconsiderable number of these beggars are richer . than their poor patrons !

With the percolation of social consciousness among the modern educated Indians, theproblem of beggars is today being seriously thought about and ways and means are beingseriously mooted on how to solve this problem. When we read how in the West, forexample, begging has become a crime coming under the vagrancy acts of Parliaments andwhen we know that in some countries people are warned that "Those who do not work,neither shall they eat", we begin to think how depressing is the situation in India. Poverty,


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no doubt, is one of the major causes of begging, and unemployment and increase inpopulation have also been responsible for the same, but the disease-of begging has deeperroots in the social consciousness of us all, and it is to this that any reformer has to turn.We must make it clear to the masses that there is no special glory of Punya in givingcharity to the able-bodied persons, and that such misplaced charity is only increasing

idleness and chronic poverty. If the masses are educated in social science, its elementaryprinciples at any rate, there will be a gradual lessening of the number of beggars in ourcountry.

The State, too, has to devise laws for checking the growth of beggars. Some strict lawsagainst vagrants must be put into practice in every city and village in India. It is moreimportant to introduce them in holy cities where the beggars are leading the most unholylife. Finally, it is for the development of saner outlook on life that we must agitate if weare to root out this evil of beggary. In one form or another, begging has become the mostwidespread thing today. Some are honourable, modernised beggars in pants and bootsand ties and they have subtler ways of exploiting their patron victims.

Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given below : 10abhor, alter, determine, dwell, fellow, handle, innocent, slay, torrent, radiant.(i) He is making a effort to succeed in the examination.(ii) We should hold corruption in . .(iii) He .. in a rented house in Delhi last year.(iv) There is no in this, town; it is the same as it was five years ago.(v) He deserves praise . for the situation tactfully.(vi) We love children for their . .(vii) The crops have been damaged by these rains.(viii) The rich man has been . by the militants.

(ix) The .. of his face suggests that he is a saint.(x) He has been awarded a for studying in Canada.

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then asa verb :favour, meet, occasion, sound, support. 10

(c) Do as directed : 5(i) A stranger said to me, "Do you know me ?"(Change into the Indirect form of Narration.)(ii) He is blind his own faults.

(Use the correct preposition.)(iii) Are you not making a noise ?(Write it in the passive voice.)(iv) Is virtue not its own reward ?

(Transform into an assertive sentence.)(v) God is present everywhere.


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(Substitute a single word for "present everywhere".)Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) If you will run, you will catch the train.(ii) I am too glad to help you.(iii) I am fed up of his evil ways.

(iv) He has only two brother-in-laws.(v) I am one of those persons who cannot describe what I feel.(vi) He has not bought some books.(vii) Do not prevent the child to read.(viii) I doubt that she will help you.(ix) Ganges is a holy river.(x) He is more intelligent than either of his four brothers.

(b) Of the words given in brackets, choose the one that you think is appropriate : 10(i) He is an mechanic.(ingenuous / ingenious)

(ii) He died after he had been struck by .(lightning / lightening)(iii) Your story is not at all . .(credulous / credible)(iv) Only the virtuous experience true .. .(facility / felicity)(v) Some politicians try to influence the officers.(judicious / judicial)(vi) You cannot question his honesty and .. .(veracity / voracity)(vii) The patient is still in a state of .. .

(comma / coma)(viii) After the accident, the field was covered with .. .(corpses / corps)(ix) He is a dealer in .. .(stationary / stationery)(x) You should settle this dispute in an .. way.(amiable / amicable)

(c) Use the following phrases/idiomatic expressions in your own sentences so as to bringout their meanings : 5give rise to, hang fire, pass away, put up with, tone down.

1998

INSTRUCTIONS

Candidates should attempt all questions.The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.Answers must be written in English.
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Q. 1. Write an essay in about 300 words on- any one of the following : 100

(a) The Limits of Science(b) Our Intellectuals(c) Have We Lost the Direction ?(d) Computers in Everyday Life

(e) Below the Poverty LineQ. 2. Read this passage carefully and answer the questions set at the end 75We think of the moon as only a stone, a stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone andthe prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, thesenescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power . . And so on. This passagecould easily be prolonged a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on asmuch of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple,there the stone is stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding yourselfinvaded by one or other of several sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other oftwo contrasted and complementary groups. The name of the first family is Sentiments ofHuman Insignificance, of the second, Sentiments of Human Greatness. Meditating on that

derelict stone afloat there in the abyss, you may feel a worm,. abject and futile in the faceof wholly incomprehensible immensities. 'The silence of those infinite spaces frightens.me.' You may feel as Pascal felt. Or, alternatively, you may feel as M. Paul Valery hassaid: `The silence of those infinite spaces does not frighten me.'For the spectacle of that moon need not necessarily make you feel like a worm. It may,on the contrary, cause you to rejoice exultantly in your manhood. There floats the stone,the nearest and most familiar symbol of all the astronomical horrors: but the astronomerswho discovered those horrors of space and time were men. The universe throws down achallenge to the human spirit; in spite of his insignificance and abjection, man has takenit up. The stone glares down at us out of the black boundlessness. But the fact that weknow it justifies us in feeling a certain human pride. We have a right to our moods ofsober exultation.

(a) How does the writer describe the moon ?(b) Do you think that the image of the moon revealed here is prophetic ? Why ?(c) What kind of two contrasted and complementary sentiments does the moon evoke ?(d) What does the author try to suggest about the place of man in the universe ?(e) Give the central idea of the passage. Q. 3. Write a precis of the passage given belowin your own words, not exceeding 160, on the special sheets provided. The precis sheetsshould be fastened securely inside the answer book. State the number of words used byyou in the precis.N.B. : Marks will be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter than the

prescribed length. 75

I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Total war makes no sense in an agewhen great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces andrefuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age when asingle nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all ofthe Allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when thedeadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by the wind and waterand soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn.


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Today the expenditure of billions of dollars every year on weapons acquired for thepurpose of making sure we never need to use them is essential to keeping the peace. Butsurely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles, which can only destroy and never create, isnot the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace.

I speak of peace, therefore, as the necessary rational end of rational men. I realize that thepursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war, and frequently the words of thepursuer fall on deaf ears. But we have no more urgent task.

Some say that it is useless to speak of world peace or world law or world disarmament,and that it will be useless until the leaders of those nations, perceived to be hostile by us,adopt a more enlightened attitude. I hope they do. I believe we can help them do it. But Ialso believe that we must re-examine our own attitude, as individuals and as a nation, forour attitude is as essential as theirs. And every graduate of this school, every thoughtfulcitizen who despairs of war and wishes to bring peace, should begin by looking inward,by examining his own attitude toward the possibilities of peace.

First, let us examine our attitude toward peace itself. Too many of us think it isimpossible. Too many think it unreal. But that is a dangerous, defeatist belief. It leads tothe conclusion that war is inevitable, that mankind is doomed, that we are gripped byforces we cannot control.Our problems are man-made: therefore they can be solved by man. And man can be asbig as he wants. No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings. Man's reasonand spirit have often solved the seemingly unsolvable and we believe they can do itagain.

Let us focus on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution

in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions, on a series of concreteactions and effective agreements which are in the interest of all concerned. There is nosingle, simple key to this peace, no grand or magic formula to be adopted by one or twopowers. Genuine peace must be the product of many nations, the sum of many acts. Itmust be dynamic, not static, changing to meet the challenge of each new generation. Forpeace is a process, a way of solving problems.

With such a peace there will still be quarrels and conflicting interests, as there are withinfamilies and nations. World peace, like community peace, does not require that each manlove his neighbour; it requires only that they live together in mutual tolerance, submittingtheir disputes to a just and peaceful settlement. And history teaches us that enmitiesbetween nations, as between individuals, do not last forever. However fixed our likes anddislikes may seem, the tide of time and events will often bring surprising changes in therelations between nations and neighbours.

So let us persevere. Peace need not be impracticable, and war need not be inevitable. Bydefining our goal more clearly, by making it seem more manageable and less remote, wecan help all peoples to see it, to draw hope from it, and to move irresistibly toward it.


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Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of words given below : 10

deter, increase, ardour, resolve, courage, divide, prestige, commend, pious, invoke(i) Paradise Lost opens with an . of the divine.(ii) When is your next due ?(iii) One must have a firm . to achieve one's goal.

(iv) Unless we are we can never face obstacles.(v) Will our nuclear explosions have quite a effect ?(vi) United we stand, we fall.(vii) The programme of rehabilitation is . .(viii) Without religious pursuit has hardly any meaning.(x) In Gandhian era the people of our country had spirit of patriotism.(x) This school is a very .. institution.

(b) Use the following words in your own sentences, each both as a noun and a verb :

10

practice; question; complement; substitute; crop.

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed : 5

(i) "Help me Cassius, or l die," cried Caesar.(Turn it into the indirect form.)(ii) John in brighter than all other students in his class.(Change into the positive degree.)(iii) You cannot see him, for it is not easy to reach him.(Give one word for the words in bold italics.)(iv) She would not go home during the holidays(Use a question tag.)(v) If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.

(Use 'unless'.)Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) It is an unique privilege to welcome our guests.(ii) A herd of cattles were grazing in the farm.(iii) If you would have studied hard, you should have passed.(iv) One of my friend is a good poet.(v) Either his parents or Pheroze is going to come today.(vi) When you are going to London to meet with your friends there ?(vii) For heaven's sake, please don't ask me that why am I not coming ?(viii) I cannot be able to play cricket this evening.(ix) You are the teacher here, isn't it ?(x) Shakespeare, the playwright and the poet born in Stratford-upon-Avon.

(b) Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words put within the brackets : 10

(i) He his past statement in the course of his speech.(avert, advert)(ii) In their response to the call they are .(invert, inert)(iii) There is no . to the gift he received.


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(illusion, allusion)(iv) . distillation is an offence.(Elicit, Illicit)(v) He had no .. to any help.(recourse, resource)

(vi) He is certainly not honest; he is always .. .(hypercritical, hypocritical)(vii) Smoking is . here.(proscribed, prescribed)(viii) Kishore sends his .. to you.(compliments, complements)(ix) We must not cast any .. at him, for he is innocent.(aspiration, aspersion)(x) The students' attitude to their teacher is not . .(deferential, differential)

(c) Use the following phrases in your own sentences bringing out the meaning : 5(i) Out of tune(ii) To put one's foot down(iii) At sixes and sevens(iv) Through thick and thin(v) To put something up

1999

Answers must be written in English.

Q. 1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following : 100(a) Power of the press(b) An ideal college(c) The technological miracles of the twentieth century(d) An encounter with an astrologer(e) "Cowards die many times before their death".

Q. 2. Read the following passage and answer in your own language the questions

that follow : 75

Forecasting the weather, or trying to find out what it will be like in several day's time, hasalways been a difficult business. Many different things affect the weather and each onehas to be carefully studied before we can make even a fairly accurate forecast. Theancient Egyptians, of course, had no need of this- the weather in the Nile valley hardlyever changes -but people living farther north had to protect themselves and their crops.During a period of drought, when no rain fell for weeks on end, streams and rivers driedup, cattle died from thirst and crops were ruined. A storm could wreck ships and houses,and heavy falls of rain caused rivers to flood a whole countryside. Action in the skystirred man into action, and in this respect farmers became just as much men of action as


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were sailors on the high seas. Both had to reckon with the weather it often upset theirplans, sometimes with disastrous results.

In early times, when there were no instruments such as thermometer or barometer, manlooked for tell-tale signs in the sky. He made his forecasts by watching the flights of birds

or the way smoke rose from a fire. He thought that the moon controlled the weather thatit held a lot of water, especially when as a crescent or sickle-shaped moon it lay on itsback. Even today there are people who think that the sight of the moon lying on its backmeans that the rain is on its way. Many of the weather-sayings are still heard today. Iexpect you know the one : 'A red sky at night is the shepherd's delight. A red sky in themorning is the shepherd's warning.' Do you believe this ? It's sometimes right but moreoften wrong. If this and hundreds of other sayings like it were true, there would be noneed for weather science or meteorology.

(a) What is drought and what are its consequences?(b) Does the writer endorse the popular sayings about the red sky ?

(c) Is weather forecasting a science; if so, what is it called ?(d) Why is it not easy to forecast the weather ?(e) How would the moon help the people in forecasting weather ?

Q. 3. Make a precis of the following passage in your own language, in about 230

words, on the special precis-sheets provided. The precis sheets should be fastened

securely inside the answer book. State the number of words used by you in your

precis. 75

N.B. Marks will be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter than the prescribedlength.Karl Marx was no gentle dreamer about a better life. such as the Utopian socialists have

been. He was a fighter. As he examined the relations between the capitalists andlabourers of the world, his belief became clearer and sharper, until at last he was sure thathe was dealing with a new science the science of the means of production. He was surethat his ideas were not dreams but solid scientific facts, and he therefore referred tohimself as a scientific socialist, so that people would not confuse him with the Utopians.

Marx and a friend named Friedrich Engels were in France during the revolution of 1848,and it was at this time they published a pamphlet called The Communist Manifesto. Thiswas a call to battle for the labouring classes of the world: "Workers of the world, arise:you have nothing to lose but your chains." The last years of Marx were spent in Englandwriting his book Das Kapital ('Capital'). Engels supported Marx and completed the workwhen the latter died, leaving the book unfinished.

Das Kapital is one of the most important books ever written. In it Marx expressed someastonishing and radical ideas. According to his economic theory, all the wealth in theworld is produced by human labour. This is true of not only the goods turned out byfactories and of the money received for such goods, but is true as well of the factoriesthemselves, which were also built by human toil, and therefore represent a type of frozenand stored up labour. It is the workers, said Marx, rather than the capitalists, who have


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supplied this labour, and therefore the wealth should belong to them. They do not receiveit, but are paid instead only a small fee for their efforts. The great difference betweenwhat the workers produce and what they are paid is surplus wealth, which goes to theowners of the factory, when it should go to the workers. Hence the workers are beingexploited, or robbed, and the capitalists are growing wealthy. So said Marx.

Das Kapital also included Marx's philosophy of history. According to this theory, inevery age the social class that controls the source of wealth also controls the governmentand has power over the people. There is, however, a considerable overlapping. As thesources of wealth change, the, old group in power tends to hang on to its control of thegovernment. For example, the nobles of the Middle Ages owned the land which was thekey source of wealth at that time, and they also controlled the government.With the coming of factories as the chief producers of wealth, the nobles retained theircontrol of the various governments of Europe for many years. Finally, the businessmen,or capitalists, who controlled the new source of wealth gained control of the government.They still control it, said Marx, but it is an unfair situation, and will not continue. In time,the workers, who really produce the wealth, will get the power. As wealth piles up, the

factories and other means of production will fall into fewer and fewer hands as the richgrow steadily richer. The poor, at the same time, will grow steadily poorer and morenumerous until at last a point will be reached is which almost everybody will be living inmisery to support a few fabulously wealthy individuals.This situation will be so intolerable and so ridiculous that the great masses of the workerswill rise up, take industry away from its owners, and run it for the benefit of the workers.

We now know that many of Karl Marx's ideas were wrong, and that many of hispredictions have not come true. Wealth has become more widely distributed rather thanless, and the standard of living of the workers has gone up rather than down. Capitalistshave proved not to be the evil ogres that Mary pictured them. Nevertheless, the ideas of

Karl Marx have had a strong appeal for many people and a profound effect upon thehistory of the world. Communism. one of the greatest forces in the twentieth century, hadits origins in the writings of Karl Marx.

Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given below : 10

stay; reality; health; pertinent; proof; post; stretched; accident; rouse; provision(i) I am not his . brother.(ii) He got up with a and a yawn.(iii) Keep him .. with the latest news about his mother.(iv) He fell into the gorge .(v) I have sold off my farm-house and the land .. to it.(vi) Demagogues try . the masses.(vii) The new typist .. to be useless.(viii) I will go . that my expenses are paid.(ix) you have forgotten one thing.(x) Had you taken the medicine, the wound by now.

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and

then as a verb : 10


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(i) dog(ii) freeze(iii) spoon(iv) book(v) refuse

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed parenthetically : 5

(i) Einstein was the greatest scientist of our century.(Use the comparative degree)(ii) Let us have a cup of coffee now.(Use the right tag question)(iii) She said. "Darling, why are you looking so pale ? Cheer up, please."(Change the mode of narration)(iv) The fact is so evident that it requires no proof.(Replace 'so' by 'too')(v) He has to do his job well. (Change the voice)

Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) You are a mechanic; isn't it ?(ii) I have already availed of all the casual leave due to me.(iii) The health of my brother is better than me.(iv) He insisted to leave immediately.(v) She congratulated him for his success.(vi) The choice lies between honour or dishonour.(vii) If it will rain, we shall stay back.(viii) The ship was drowned in the sea.(ix) By studying hard, his grades improved.(x) I have to give my examination in April.

(b) Of the words given in brackets, choose the one that, you think, is appropriate to

fill in the blanks : 10

(i) The book has been . for the Indian readership.(adapted; adopted)(ii) The case has been hanging fire because the judge is .. .(disinterested; uninterested)(iii) Trespassers will be .. .(persecuted; prosecuted)(iv) He is a man of .(principal; principle)(v) Justice should be . with mercy.(tampered; tempered)(vi) The condition of homeless people becomes .. in winter.(pitiful; pitiable)(vii) He led a . life.(sensuous; sensual)(viii) I vowed to myself for the death of my cousin.(avenge; revenge)


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(ix) I have . him a job in our company.(assured; ensured)(x) Aren't you tired of this rain ?(continual; continuous)

(c) Use the following phrases in your own sentences so as to bring out theirmeanings : 5

(i) to lead by the nose(ii) pell- mell(iii) gift of the gab(iv) to make a dash(v) to fish in troubled waters

2000

Answers must be written in English.Q. 1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following : 100(a) Man is saved not by faith but by work(b) Indian Culture(c) Contribution of Science to human progress(d) Political reform you want in India(e) Laughter is the best medicine

Q. 2. Read the following passage and answer, in your own words, the questions thatfollow : 5 x 15 = 75Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was

the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture, which began in theriver valleys of Egypt and Mesopotamia, was a step in human progress to whichsubsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture madepossible an immense increase in the numbers of the human species in the regions where itcould be successfully practised but at first these regions were few. These were in fact,only those in which nature fertilised the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met withviolent resistance, analogous to that which our Ruskins and Samuel Butlers offered tomachines. Pastoral nomads considered themselves vastly superior to the tame folk whostayed in one place and were enslaved to the soil. But although the nomads repeatedlywon military victories, the physical comforts which the upper classes derived fromagricultural serfs always prevailed in the end, and the area of agriculture graduallyincreased. Even now this process is not at an end, but what remains for it to achieve is nolonger very important.

The only fundamental technical advance that preceded the emergence of man intorecorded history was the invention of writing. Writing, like spoken language, developedgradually. It developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage. itmade possible the keeping of records and the transmission of information to people whowere not present when the information was given.


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(a) What was he second important stage in our pre-history and where did it begin?(b) What happened in the regions where agriculture was successful ?(c) What happened in the conflict between the nomads and agriculturists?(d) What technical advance took place before the period of recorded history and what didit accomplish?

(e) Who considered themselves superior to whom and why ?

Q. 3. Make a precis of the following passage, in your own language, in about 230 words,on the special precis-sheets provided Marks will be deducted for precis not written on theprecis-sheets. Marks will also be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter thatthe prescribed length. The precis-sheets should be securely fastened inside the answerbook. State the number of words used by you in your precis. 75It has been estimated than the human population of 600 B.C. was about five millionpeople, taking perhaps one million years to get there from two and a half million. Thepopulation did not reach 500 million until almost 8,000 years later-about 1650 A.D. Thismeans it doubled roughly once every thousand years or so. It reached a billion people

around 1850, doubling in some 200 years. It took on1y 80 years or so for the nextdoubling, as the population reached two billion around 1930. We have not completed thenext doubling to four billion yet, but we now have well over three billion people. Thedoubling time at present seems to be about 37 years. Quite a reduction in doubling times:1,000,000 years, 1,000 years, 200 years, 80 years, 37 years.

One of the most ominous facts of the current situation is that roughly 40% of thepopulation of the undeveloped world is made up of people under 15 years old. As thatmass of young people moves into its reproductive years during the next decade, we'regoing to see the greatest baby boom of all time. Those youngsters are the reason for allthe ominous predictions for the year 2000. They are the gun-powder for the population

explosion.

How did we get into this bind ? It all happened along time ago, and the story involves theprocess of natural selection, the development of culture, and mans swollen head. Theessence of success in evolution is reproduction . for reproduction is the key to winningthe evolutionary game. Any structure. physiological process or pattern of behaviour thatleads to greater reproductive success will tend to be perpetuated. The entire process bywhich man developed involves thousands of millenia of our ancestors being moresuccessful breeders than their relatives. Facet number one of our bind-the urge toreproduce has been fixed in us by billions of years of evolution.

Of course through all those years of evolution. our ancestors were fighting a continualbattle to keep the birth rate ahead of the death rate. That they were successful is attestedto by our very existence, for, if the death rate had overtaken the birth rate for anysubstantial period of time, the evolutionary line leading to man would have gone extinct.Among our apelike ancestors, a few million years ago, it was still very difficult for amother to rear her children successfully. Most of the offspring died before they reachedreproductive age. The death rate was near the birth rate. Then another factor entered thepicture cultural evolution was added to biological evolution.


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Of course, in the early days the whole system did not prevent a very high mortalityamong the young, as well as among the older members of the group. Hunting and food-gathering is a risky business. Cavemen had to throve very impressive cave bears out oftheir caves before the men could move in. Witch doctors and shamans had a less thanperfect record at treating wounds and curing disease. Life was short, if not sweet. Man's

total population size doubtless increased slowly but steadily as human populationsexpanded out of the African cradle of our species.

Then about 8,000 years ago a major change occurred the agricultural revolution. Peoplebegan to give up hunting food and settled down to grow it. Suddenly some of the risk wasremoved from life. The chances of dying of starvation diminished greatly in some humangroups. Other threats associated with the nomadic life were also reduced, perhapsbalanced by new threats of disease and large scale warfare associated with thedevelopment of cities. But the overall result was a more secure existence than before andthe human population grew more rapidly. Around 1800, when the standard of living inwhat are today the developed countries was dramatically increasing due to

industrialization, population growth really began to accelerate. The development ofmedical science was the straw that broke the camel's back.

Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks using appropriate forms of the words given below : 10characterize; coagulant; fright; globe; civilized;disastrous; move; enthusiasm; pessimistic; philosophizing(i) The - of clouds leads to changes in the weather.(ii) Man's continuance on earth is shrouded in .(iii) A cosmic may end life on earth.(iv) Vitamin K is essential for the of blood.(v) Is our - going on the right path

(vi) The economic. - of our country is changing.(vii) Once in the jungle, the boys were .(viii) What does Indian - teach?(ix) - is affecting India's economy.(x) He spoke about the existence of God.

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then asa verb. 10(i) hunt(ii) wound(iii) discredit(iv) team(v) experience

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed parenthetically : 5(i) "Shut the door after you," she told him curtly.(Change into indirect form)(ii) Did she commit all the mistakes ?(Change into passive voice)


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(iii) Many difficulties are impossible to overcome.(Use a single word for the underlined phrase)(iv) Hard as he tried, the old man failed to find a buyer for his bicycle.(Use "though'')(v) She is so good that others cannot beat her.

(Replace "so" by "too")

Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) She vividly described about the situation.(ii) He chose only such men for his company whom he could trust.(iii) He does not boast his-merits.(iv) The rich lead a luxuriant life.(v) The work was hard and exhaustive.(vi) Sages had prophecied the coming of the prophet.(vii) Earth may again be hit by a huge meteor.(viii) He came to the city with a view to get a job.

(ix) He was angry upon me.(x) Why she is doing this ?

(b) Of the words given in brackets, choose the one you think appropriate to till in theblanks : 10(i) She has the - to this property.(wright ; right)(ii) He has - his own method for doing the work.(devised ; deviced)(iii) Fetch me a - of water.(pale ; pail)

(iv) All the of the airline were grounded.(aircraft ; aircrafts)(v) The government has selected the for the hospital.(site ; cite)(vi) The - of Kargil have fallen silent.(canons ; cannons)(vii) The tropic of is an imaginary line.(Cancer ; cancer)(viii) The budget could not be offset.(deficit ; deficiency)(ix) When they came down the hill the - was steep.(descent ; decent)(x) The government collapsed when there was a in the party.(fraction ; faction)

(c) Use the following phrases in sentences so as to bring out their meaning : 5(i) bring about(ii) break in(iii) heart and soul


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(iv) lie low(v) hold one's breath

2001

1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following: (100)(a) Knowledge is power(b) Consequences of globalization(c) Value of yoga(d) Science and human happiness(e) Tourism in India

2. Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions that follow:(5 x 15 = 75)The world we live in presents an endless variety of fascinating problems which excite our

wonder and curiosity. The scientific worker attempts to formulate these problems inaccurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collectedby observation and experiment. Such questions as What, How, Where and Whenchallenge him to find the clues that may suggest possible replies. Confronted by the manyproblems presented by, let us say, an active volcano, we may ask What are the lavasmade of? How does the volcano work and how Is the heat generated? Where do the lavasand gases come from? When did the volcano first begin to erupt and when is it likely toerupt again?

In terms of chemical compounds and elements, the question How refers to processes the way things are made or happen or change. The ancients regarded natural processes as

manifestations of energy acting on or through matter. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakesno longer reflect the erratic behaviour of the gods of the underworld; they arise from theaction of the earths internal heat on and through the surrounding crust. The source of theenergy lies in the material of inner earth. In many directions, of course, our knowledge isstill incomplete, only the first of the questions we have asked about volcanoes, forexample, can as yet be satisfactorily answered. The point is not that we now pretend tounderstand everything but that we have faith in the orderliness of natural processes. As aresult of two or three centuries of scientific investigation, we have come to believe thatNature is understandable in the sense that when we ask questions by way of appropriateobservations and experiments, she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries thatendure.

(a) How does the author describe the task of the scientific worker?(b) Why does the author speak about volcanoes?(c) What does the equation How refer to?(d) How did the ancients look upon volcanoes and earthquakes?(e) What does the author say about our knowledge of the world?


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3. Make a prcis of the following passage, in your own words, in about 230 words, on thespecialprcis-sheets provided. Marks will be deducted for prcis not written on the prcis sheets.Marks willalso be deducted if your prcis is much longer or shorter than the prescribed length. The

prcissheetsshould be securely fastened inside the answer book. State the number of words used byyou in your prcis. (75)

No amount of improvement and reconstruction in education will bear much fruit if ourschools and colleges are undermined by indiscipline. An impartial examination makes itclear that students and teachers alike need more of the spirit of discipline. If propereducation is to be given, acts of indiscipline prevalent in our educational institutions haveto be checked. Indiscipline may take the shape of group indiscipline or individualindiscipline. Group indiscipline is the worse of the two. While as individuals many of ourstudents are as good as students elsewhere, the tendency to group indiscipline has

increased in recent years. Many causes have led to this group indiscipline. For variousreasons under a foreign regime, acts of indiscipline became frequent, often necessitatedby the political activities, which were launched against a foreign government. While theremay have been justification for such indiscipline under different political circumstances,we feel that there is no justification on for such acts of indiscipline after the attainment ofindependence. The democratic constitution which the country has adopted permits theredressing of grievances through democratic machinery. It would be against all principlesof democracy if such acts of indiscipline were to continue.

The real purpose of education is to train youth to discharge the duties of citizenshipproperly. All other objectives are incidental. Discipline, therefore, should be the

responsibility of parents, teachers, the general public and the authorities concerned. Thereare some positive factors promoting discipline. The Indian students natural tendency isto be disciplined. It is only when forces act strongly on him that he may sometimes be ledastray. He appreciates rules and is normally inclined to abide by them. Much can be doneto encourage this trend in school and college life. Personal contact between teacher andpupil is essential. Emphasis is also to be laid on the role of the class teacher or tutorialguide in promoting general discipline and the welfare of the pupils. Further a greaterresponsibility should devolve upon the students themselves in the maintenance ofdiscipline. Nothing is more calculated to develop a proper sense of self-discipline andproper behaviour than their enforcement, not by any outside authority with any symbol ofpunishment but by the students themselves. They should choose their own representativesto see that proper codes of conduct are observed.

Another important method of bringing home to pupils the value of discipline is throughgroup games. It is on the playing fields that the virtue of playing the game for its ownsake and the team spirit can be cultivated. Such extracurricular activities as Boy Scouts,Girl Guides, the National Cadet Corps, Junior Red Cross and Social Service activitieswill promote a proper spirit of discipline. The building up of a truly harmonious and


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united form of community life should be the endeavour of all progressive educationalinstitutions.

Besides these positive factors, certain negative factors also promote discipline. Thediscipline of the youth of any country depends upon the discipline that is exercised by the

elders. It is a well known fact that in all democracies election time is a time offeverishactivity not always conducted in the most healthy spirit, and the utilization by politiciansof immature minds like students for purposes of electioneering campaigns, with orwithout slogans attached thereto, is not calculated to promote sound discipline amongstudents. It should be considered an election offence for any member or party to utilizethe services of pupils under the age of 17 in political or civic campaigns. Besides, whilethe educative value of leading politicians addressing our students from time to time maybe readily admitted, the tendency often is for the leaders not to speak to the audiencebefore hem but to a wider audience whose attention they wish to attract through the press.It is not necessary that every speech made by a politician should be a political speech.Lastly, discipline among students can only be promoted if there is discipline among the

staff. The teacher and the educational administrator should realize that their activities areall being watched by their pupils. To what extent, therefore, both in their personalconduct and in their general attitude to all problems concerning their country, they haveto realize that there are limitations within which they must act for the best interests ofeducation. Ultimately, it is the school or college atmosphere and the quality of theteachers there that ensure proper codes of conduct and discipline among our students.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using appropriate forms of the words given below: 10Value, offend, strike, jealous, put, grant, disturb, learn, fly, economic(i) The man . into a rage and tore away his garments.(ii) A sensible man never takes everything for

(iii) No one seems to have taken .at her manners.(iv) When are you out to sea again?(v) I have no mind to trespass upon you ..time.(vi) Try to rise above petty personal (vii) The officer .through one paragraph and accepted the rest.(viii) The report I have received is very indeed.(ix) She has sent her paper to a ..journal.(x) These new measures will give a boost to our

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then asa verb: 10(i) tum(ii) spell(iii) part(iv) contact(v) meet

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed:(i) You are too early for the show. (Use enough)


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(ii) The Mahanadi is not as long as the Gange. (Use the comparative degree)(iii) Varsha readily complied ..my request. (Fill in the gap with a preposition)(iv) We are sure of his honesty. (Change into a complex sentence)(v) Santa said, Dont open the window. (Change into the indirect form)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences: 10(i) May 1 now take your leave?(ii) The soup will taste better if it had more salt in it.(iii) Is he used to come late everyday?(iv) Your daughter is twelve years old, isnt it?(v) We must be true to our words.(vi) Datta is living here since 1998.(vii) A twenty miles walk is really very hard.(viii) We watched the man to disappear in the woods.(ix) Kalidas has written Meghadutam.(x) Lets have coffee.

(b) Of the words given in brackets, choose the one you think appropriate to fill in theblanks (10)(i) He seems to be.. to hard work. (adverse; averse)(ii) The building does not ..to safety regulations (conform; confirm)(iii) Asharam was accused of the workers against the management. (exciting;inciting)(iv) Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane (crass; crash)(v) Gagan uses expensive .for his letters. (stationery; stationary)(vi) The factory was making toys. (seized; ceased)(vii) Shakil is .. at solving difficult crossword puzzles (ingenuous; ingenious)

(viii) I wish you a .. recovery (fast; speedy)(ix) Everybody said that her decision was . (judicious; judicial)(x) You will have to . your afternoon tea as we have no more sugar.(forego; forgo)

(c) Use the following phrases in sentences so as to bring out their meaning: 5(i) deal in(ii) prime of life(iii) above board(iv) dwell upon(v) in full swing

2002

1. Write an essay in about 300 words in any one of the following: (100)(a) The ways to enrich our regional languages.(b) Whither Indian democracy today?(c) Terrorism in India.


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(d) Science and Religion.(e) If I were the Prime Minister of India.

2. Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions that follow:(5 x 15 = 75)

The scientific and technological revolution has brought about fundamental changes in thesocio economic sphere. The use of diesel engine and electricity and the beginning of theapplication of atomic energy have changed the modes of production. These things haveled to the concentration of capital in a few hands. Great enterprises are replacing cottageindustries and small firms. The working classes have certainly benefited economically.The miracle of production has necessitated the miracle of consumption. Better amenitiesare available at a lower cost. A man can buy anything he wants today, if he can onlyafford. But what kinds of men are needed today for our society? Men who can cooperatein large groups, men whose tasks are standardized, men who feel free and independentand at the same time are willing to fit in the social machine without any friction. Modemman is faced with a sort of moral and spiritual dilemma. The crisis of values yawns

before him. Today the old values are in the melting pot, and the new values have notfound their foothold. Man has become the automaton he has contrived; he has lostownership of himself. The discord between the development of positive science on theone hand and the dehumanization of man on the other is the worst crisis of the modemage.

Apart from the economic sphere, the socio-political sphere has not escaped thisstratification and the congruent crisis of values. Since the Renaissance, man has beenstriving for individual rights and self-dignity. But under the present set-up, only twotypes of men are found the conditioner and the conditioned. The propaganda officesand the planning bureaus have almost crushed the individual self, and it has resulted in

the rise of the social self. Due to this pressure, the personality fulfillment or its all- rounddevelopment is denied to many.

(a) What has changed the modes of production today?(b) What things are being replaced by great enterprise?(c) What kind of men is needed today for our society?(d) Why has man become the automation of his own creation?(e) Is modem man able to attain personality fulfillment?

3. Make a prcis of the following passage in your own language in about 230 words, onthe special precis-sheets provided. The precis-sheets should be securely fastened insidethe answer book. Indicate the number of words used by you in your prcis.

N.B.: Marks will be deducted if your prcis is much longer or shorter than the prescribedlength. (75)What is the use of a house if you havent got a tolerable planet to put it on? askedHenry David Thoreau. More than century later the Earth seems to be literally falling topieces recent environmental set-backs include billions of tonnes of ice shelvesbreaking off in the Antarctic and unusually warm temperatures in different parts of the


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world. Panic reactions range from predictions of sinking islands to the lamenting the ill-effects of global warming induced by release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.The trouble is that we are too much obsessed with the problem of climatic Change toeven acknowledge the fact that the state of the planet hinges on much more. Climaticchange is at best a symptom of a far more complex malaise, just as a fever is most often

only an Indicator of something thats gone awry in our body. It is time for a completeand comprehensive planetary health check that will examine the impacts of change inland use, loss of biodiversity, use of fertilizers and pesticides and consistent pollution ofwater bodies. This would overcome the limitations of evaluating how ecosystems workby reacting to just one major environmental concern as is happening in the case of globalwarming. These considerations have been responsible for the setting up of aninternational panel, the Milleniurn Ecosystem Assessment. Financed by four majorinternational bodies, including the UNO and the World Bank, the eco-panel was set upwithout much fuss last June (2001), and is expected to determine, over a period of fouryears and at a cost of $ 21 million, the state of the Earths ecosystems.

The eco-panel will have source inputs from more than 2,000 natural and social scientiststhe world over. Put simply, the Earth will go through the equivalent of a thoroughphysical analysis, so that biological, economic and social information can be collated tohelp scientists arrive at a final diagnosis. What is crucial, says one of the scientists, and isthat no one has previously tried to work out how all of these conflicting pressuresinteract. The other important factor is how well we can orchestrate trade-offs andinteractions in order to maintain ecological balance. Scientific bodies like theinternational Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have access to vast amounts of baselinedata relating to the subject although critics points out that the information available ismostly from the North, leaving the concerns of he south largely unrepresented. Thenewly-constituted eco-panel will have to take all these aspects into account. For instance,

it will have to ensure that data collection is more representative of the regions of theworld. Today, we have the advantage of sourcing data from remote sensing satellites aswell. The information thus gathered would have to be sorted out and analyzed byspecialists and also by generalists before the panel comes out with specific periodicpredictions, prescriptions and warnings. The healing process can begin only if all thescientific evidence and direction is made available to a wide audience and not justrestricted to policy makers. Rather than depending solely upon governments to listen toand take corrective action, the focus should now be on convincing individuals andcommunities whose collective or individual action will eventually make the differencebetween regression and recovery.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using appropriate forms of the words given below: (10)ride, diminish, devotion, shout, watch, contest, disastrous, pleasure, philosophizing,finance.(i) Mohan is to his father.(ii) None seems to have been with his speech.(iii) She at the peon when he sat down.(iv) His .condition is at a low ebb now.(v) Several candidates are ..the Panchayat elections.


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(vi) The boy was frightened to the movie.(vii) What does Samkaras .teach us(viii) Hariharans suspicious moves herald a.(ix) In the circus show, I saw a bear a bicycle.(x) The chances of starvation deaths have .today

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then asa verb: (10)(i) race(ii) hit(iii) play(iv) touch(v) experiment

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed parenthetically: 5(i) Do not make a noise. said the teacher to his students. (Change into indirect form)

(ii) Han is so short that he cannot touch the ceiling. (Replace so by too)(iii) I gave him a ten-rupee not yesterday. (Change into passive voice)(iv) She bought a house last year. The house is white. (Change into a simple sentence)(v) Hard as he worked, he failed in the examination. (Use though)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences: (10)(i) He boasts his achievements now and then.(ii) She is living in this flat since 1995.(iii) The Principal was angry upon the boys.(iv) Character is more preferable than intelligence.(v) Krishna hanged all the pictures on the wall.

(vi) The sceneries of Kashmir more me most.(vii) Cattle is grazing in the field.(viii) Han is going foreign next month.(ix) She knew that I am leaving the place.(x) His elder brother gave him many good advices.

(b) Of the words given in the brackets, choose the one you think appropriate to fill in theblanks: 10(i) The road accident proved to be (fateful, fatal)(ii) He got a ..opportunity to qualify in the test. (gold, golden)(iii) Fariciabad is an .. city. (industrial, industrious)(iv) An ashram is a ..place. (quite, quiet)(v) Sohans handwriting is.(eligible. illegible)(vi) We should not disturb the . of his mind. (piece. peace)(vii) You should an example to strengthen your viewpoint (site, cite)(viii) Akbar was an ..to Humayun. (hair, heir)(ix) Rajasthan is a well-known .. (desert, dessert)(ix) The ..turned me out of the class. (principle, principal)


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(c) Use the following phrases in sentences so as to bring out their meaning; (5)(i) bring about(ii) call names(iii) run out(iv) by leaps and bounds

(v) lame excuse

2003

1. Write an essay in about 300 words in any one of the following: (100)(a) The Need for Alternative Sources of Energy(b) The Role of Judiciary in India(c) Freedom of Expression(d) My Idea of an Administrator(e) Pleasures of Reading

2. Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions that follow:(5 15 = 75)This rule of trying always to do things as well as one can do them has an importantbearing upon the problem of ambition. No man or woman should be without ambition,which is the inspiration of activity. But if one allows ambition to drive one to attemptthings which are beyond ones own personal capacity, then unhappiness will result: If oneimagines that one can do everything better than other people, then envy and jealousy,those twin monsters, will come to sadden ones days. But if one concentrates onesattention upon developing ones own special capacities, the things one is best at, then onedoes not worry over much if other people Ere more successful.

There are those again who are discontented with their own job and complain of drudgery.But there is no job in the world which does not contain a large element of drudgery. Doyou imagine that a Prime Minister has no drudgery to do, or an artist, or an author? Iloathe drudgery as much as any man; but I have learnt that the only way to conquerdrudgery is to get through it as neatly, as efficiently as one can. You know I am rightwhen I say that. A dull job slackly done becomes twice as dull; a dull job which you tryto do just as well as you can becomes half as dull. Here again effort appears to me themain part of the art of living.

Have I any other, and less disagreeable, hints to suggest? I believe that every man andwoman has somewhere tucked away inside them a sense of beauty. Without this senselife on this earth is veiled in dim grey clouds. It may be that you do not care, or think youdo not care, for poetry or art or music. If you make the least effort, you may find thatsome or all of these things will cause you sudden delight; and once you catch that delightit will never leave you. Because if life, as I believe, is a constantly renewed effort, thenthe human frame aid nerves require some relaxation.


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(a) When does ambition lead to unhappiness?(b) How can a person avoid envy and jealousy?(c) How can we avoid the feeling of drudgery?(d) Should we avoid ambition?(e) What does the phrase to get through it mean?

3. Make a precis of the following passage in your own words in about 230 words. Markswill be deducted if the precis is not written on the separate precis sheets provided and thelength of the precis exceeds or falls short of more than 10 words of the prescribed length.State the number of words used by you in the precis and securely fasten the precis-sheetsinside the answer-book. (75)

Some wars in the past were quite as disorganizing and as destructive of the civilization ofdevastated areas as was the Second World War. North Africa has never regained the levelof rosperity that t enjoyed under the Romans. Persia never recovered from the Mongolsnor Syria from the Turks. There have always been two kinds of wars, those in which the

vanquished incurred disaster, and those in which they only incurred discomfort. Weseem, unfortunately, to be entering upon an era in which wars are of the former sort.

The atom bomb, and still more the hydrogen bomb, have caused new fears, involvingnew doubts as to the effects of science on human life. Some eminent authorities,including Einstein, have pointed out that there is a danger of the extinction of all life onthis planet. I do not myself think that this will happen in the next war, but I think it maywell happen in the next but one, if that is allowed to occur. If this expectation is correct,we have to choose, within the next fifty years or so, between two alternatives. Either wemust allow the human race to exterminate itself, or we must forgo certain liberties whichare very dear to us, more especially the liberty to kill foreigners whenever we fell so

disposed. I think it probable that mankind will choose its own extermination as thepreferable alternative. The choice will be made, of course, by persuading ourselves that itis not being made, since (so militarists on both sides will say) the victory of the right iscertain without risk of universal disaster. We are perhaps living in the last age of man,and, if so, it is to science that he will owe his extinction.

If, however, the human race decides to let itself go on living, it will have to make verydrastic changes in its ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. We must learn not to sayNever! Better death than dishonour. We must learn to submit to law, even whenimposed by aliens whom we hate and despise, and whom we believe to be blind to allconsiderations of righteousness. Consider some concrete examples. Jews and Arabs willhave to agree to submit to arbitration; if the award goes against the Jews, the President ofthe United States will have to ensure the victory of the party to which he is opposed,since, if he supports the international authority, he will lose the Jewish vote in New YorkState. On the other hand, if the award goes in favour of the Jews, the Mohammedanworld will be indignant, and will be supported by all other malcontents. Or, to takeanother instance, Eire will demand the right to oppress the Protestants of Ulster, and onthis issue the United States will support Eire while Britain will support Ulster. Could aninternational authority survive such a dissension?


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Again: India and Pakistan cannot agree about Kashmir, therefore one of them mustsupport Russia and the other the United States. It will be obvious to anyone who is aninterested party in one of these disputes that the issue is far more important than thecontinuance of life on our planet. The hope that the human race will allow itself tosurvive is therefore somewhat slender. But if human life is to continue in spite of science,

mankind will have to learn a discipline of the passions which, in the past, has not beennecessary. Men will have to submit to the law, even when they think the law unjust andiniquitous. Nations which are persuaded that they are only demanding the barest justicewill have to acquiesce when this demand is denied them by the neutral authority. I do notsay that this is easy; I do not prophesy that it will happen; I say only that if it does nothappen the human race will perish, and will perish as a result of science.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of the words given below: (10)offensive, imagination, psychological, conceive, vacation, entire, enthusiasm, lacerating,deify, margin(i) I do not believe in the .of an ordinary politician.

(ii) She could not bear to look at his .hand.(iii) Most people do not have any clear of judicial activism.(iv) Who can dare to .the boss?(v) A sensible person can .the plight of others.(vi) You have to consider the matter in its (vii) It is difficult to ..such dullards.(viii) We can no longer ..the poor and the suppressed.(ix) You will have to .the house.(x) ..is an interesting subject.

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then as

a verb: (10)(i) help(ii) nurse(iii) judge(iv) pillory(v) round

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed within brackets: (5)(i) No metal is as costly as gold. (Use the comparative degree of costly)(ii) I doubt if you have done it. (Change into a negative sentence without changing themeaning)(iii) He was elected leader. (Change into active voice)(iv) She confessed that she was guilty. (Turn it into a simple sentence)(v) She said, Can you write a poem? (Change into indirect speech)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences: (10)(i) Each of the scholars, belonging to various countries, have spoken about it.(ii) All were present except he and his sister.(iii) I wonder if ten thousand rupees are a large sum.


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(iv) She lay the table an hour ago.(v) He absented from the class for no reason.(vi) He is untidy boy.(vii) All his plans fell out for lack of help.(viii) Of milk, coke and coffee the latter is my favourite.

(ix) All this happened prior 1971 war.(x) Scarcely had she gone that he arrived.

(b) Choose the appropriate words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks in thefollowing sentences: (10)(i) Nehruji made a . speech in Parliament on this occasion.(historical, historic)(ii) Such heavy responsibilities cannot be .easily.(born, borne)(iii) The doctor visits him on .days.(alternative, alternate)

(iv) I do not know why he is ..towards me.(contemptuous, contemptible)(v) To work for more than eight hours is quite (exhaustive, exhausting)(vi) Democracy does not allow the ..of the minorities.(prosecution, persecution)(vii) No meeting of the ..of ministers has been scheduled for tomorrow.(council, cabinet)(viii) All worldly pleasures are considered to be ..by saints.(momentary, momentous)(ix) Any . of secret documents is punishable by law.

(tempering, tampering)(x) He is an ..person to work with.(amiable, amenable)

(c) Use the following phrases in your own sentences so as to bring out their meaning: (5)(i) to come across(ii) to be cut out for(iii) over head and ears(iv) to see eye to eye(v) to draw the line

20041. Write an essay in about 300 words in any one of the following: (100)(a) Indian Budget is a Gamble on the Monsoons(b) Necessity of Water-Harvesting in India(c) Social Harmony vs. Communal Frenzy


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(d) Criminalization of Politics(e) All That Glitters Is Not Gold

2. Read the following passage and answer, in your own words, the questions that followat the end (5 x 15 = 75)

The flowering of Indian civilization constitutes one of the most glorious chapters in thehistory of mankind. A culture, remarkable for its moral no less than for its materialcreativity, which has endured for three millennia and more, is necessarily a subject ofgreat fascination. Yet over and above its longevity, Indian civilization is alsocharacterized by some other features which deserve to be highlighted in any review of itspast. The ability of this civilization to absorb alien cultures without losing its distinctiveidentity has intrigued scholars over the centuries; and this capacity for creative absorptionis as much in evidence today, when India is undergoing a seminal transformation into amodern industrial community, as it was in the centuries past, when alien communitieswith novel ways of life migrated into the subcontinent, to be drawn into the living matrixof Indian society; The continuity of Indian civilization rests very substantially upon social

institutions and upon the dissemination of a common corpus of religious values amongdifferent classes and communities in the subcontinent.

This civilization was also geared to a cycle of agricultural activity which substantiallydetermined the total ordering of society. Hence, the fact that the great epicentres of Indiancivilization were located in the plains of the Indus and the Ganga in the north; and thoseof the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Cauvery in the south. Over thecenturies the people living in these riverine regions had conjured into existence a roundof economic activity and a set of social institutions, which were designed to produce theagricultural wealth which sustained life. Indeed, the structure of rural society; with acentral place occupied by the cultivating classes, which were linked by ties of patronage

and prescription to numerous artisanal and menial groups; and the fabric of caste society;with the interlocking institutions of Varna and Jati has to be looked upon as the historicalanswer of the Indian genius to the needs of sustaining production in a rural society; Thestriking feature of this social organization was the premium which it put on self-sufficiency and survival within the framework of an agrarian civilization.

(a) What is the most distinctive feature of Indian civilization?(b) Which section of the society occupied a central place in Indian civilization?(c) Identify the great epicentres of Indian civilization as narrated in the passage.(d) On what did the Indian social organization lay emphasis?(e) What does the phrase conjured into existence mean?

3. Make a precis of the following passage in your own words in about 220 to 240 words.Marks will be deduced if the precis is not written on the separate precis sheets providedand if it is longer or shorter than the prescribed limit. State the number of words used byyou in the precis at its end and securely fasten the precis-sheets inside the answer-book.(75)


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There is some similarity between Italy and India. Both are ancient countries with longraditions of culture behind them, though Italy is a newcomer compared to India, and Indiais a much more vast country Both are split up politically, and yet the conception of Italia,like that of India, never died, and in all their diversity the unity was predominant. In Italythe unity was largely a Roman unity, for that great city had dominated the country and

been the fount and symbol of unity. In India there was no such single centre or dominantcity, although Benares might well be called the Eternal City of the East, not only forIndia, but also for Eastern Asia. But, unlike Rome, Benares never dabbled in empire orthought of temporal power. Indian culture was so widespread all over India that no part ofthe country could be called the heart of that culture. From Kanyakumari to Amarnath andBadrinath in the Himalayas, from Dwarka to Pun, the same ideas coursed, and if therewas a clash of ideas in one place, the noise of it soon reached distant parts of the country.Just as Italy gave the gift of culture and religion to Western Europe, India did so toEastern Asia though China was as old and venerable as India. And even when Italy waslying prostrate politically, her life coursed through the veins of Europe. It was Metternichwho called Italy a geographical expression, and many a would-be Metternich has used

that phrase for India, and, strangely enough, there is a similarity even in theirgeographical positions in the two continents.

More interesting is the comparison of England with Austria, for has not England of thetwentieth century been compared to Austria of the nineteenth, proud and haughty andimposing still, but with the roots that gave strength shriveling up and decay eating its wayinto the mighty fabric. It is curious how one cannot resist the tendency to give ananthropomorphic form to a country. Such is the force of habit and early associations.India becomes Bharat Mata, Mother India, a beautiful lady, very old but ever youthful inappearance, sad-eyed and forlorn, cruelly treated by aliens and outsiders, and callingupon her children to protect her. Some such picture rouses the emotions of hundreds of

thousands and drives them to action and sacrifice. And yet India is in the main, thepeasant and the worker, not beautiful to look at, for poverty is not beautiful.

Does the beautiful lady of our imaginations represent the bare-bodied and bent workers inthe fields and factories? Or the small group of those who have from ages past crushed themasses and exploited them, imposed cruel customs on them and made many of them evenuntouchable ? We seek to cover truth by the creatures of our imaginations and endeavourto escape from reality to a world of dreams. And yet, despite these different classes andtheir mutual conflicts there was a common bond which united them in India, and one isamazed at its persistence and tenacity and enduring vitality. What was this strength dueto? Nor merely the passive strength and weight of inertia and tradition, great as thesealways are. There was an active sustaining principle, for it resisted successfully powerfuloutside influences and absorbed internal forces that rose to combat it.

And yet with all its strength it could not preserve political freedom or endeavour to bringabout political unity. These latter do not appear to have been considered worth muchtrouble; their importance was very foolishly ignored, and we have suffered for thisneglect. Right through history the old Indian ideal did not glorify political and militarytriumph, and it looked down upon money and the professional moneymaking class.


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Honour and wealth did not go together, and honour was meant to go, at least in theory, tothe men who served the community with little in the shape of financial reward. The oldculture managed to live through many a fierce storm and tempest, but though it kept itsouter form, it lost its real content. Today it is fighting silently and desperately against anew and all-powerful opponent the bania civilization of the capitalist West. It will

succumb to this newcomer, for the West brings science, and science brings food for thehungry millions. But the West also brings an antidote to the evils of this cut-throatcivilization the principles of socialism, of cooperation, and service to the communityfor the common good.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given below: (10)burn, near, harm, perfect, invite, create, join, administer, spendthrift, skill

(i) I did not accept the .because I was angry(ii) An honest man is the noblest .of God.(iii) His father prevented him from .a dance school.

(iv) A judge should ..equal justice to all.(v) He looks gentle enough, but he can be at times.(vi) He has his case to my satisfaction.(vii) Your opponent is too to cope with.(viii) Despite suggestions to the contrary, he continued to be a (ix) The ..sun made the traveller thirsty.(x) Bombay is the seaport to Europe.

(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then asa verb: (10)(i) present

(ii) move(iii) issue(iv) pain(v) crowd

(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed within brackets: (5)

(i) He had to sign or be executed.(Turn into a complex sentence)

(ii) Given the order.

(Use the passive form)

(iii) I was doubtful whether it was you.(Turn into a negative sentence)

(iv) He was disgraced his family.(Use the noun form of disgraced)


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(v) He was so tired that he could not stand.(Turn into a simple sentence replacing so by too)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences: (10)(i) The rain was accompanied by hail and storm.

(ii) I cannot help but think that he is a fool.(iii) I have never seen a clever man at engineering than him.(iv) It is all the more better if he marries your daughter.(v) Objections to this proposal can be stated as thus.(vi) He travelled from one corner of India to the other.(vii) She could not make up the mind.(viii) They tried to wipe out the poor widows tears.(ix) It is the best ideal each person may aspire for.(x) You are not entitled for admission

(b) Choose the appropriate words from those given in the brackets to fill in the blanks in

the following sentences:10

(i) She has a .appearance.(gracious, graceful)

(ii) Out principal is a man of kind and nature(judicious, judicial)

(iii) He is to both praise and blame.(sensible, sensitive)

(iv) Gandhiji was the head of the Congress party(virtuous, virtual)

(v) I do not regard his scheme as (practicable, practical)

(vi) The Equator is an line round the world.(imaginative, imaginary)

(vii) The ship sailed ashore in spite of difficulties.(elemental, elementary)

(viii) Acts of negligence are punishable by law.(willing, wilful)

(ix) He was offered a job.(temporal, temporary)


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(x) I am the owner of the house.(rightful, righteous)

(c) Use the following phrases in your sentences so as to bring out their meaning: (5)(i) to call forth

(ii) to fall through(iii) to get along(iv) to lay bare(v) to put up with

2005

1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following: (100)(a) Environment and Conservation(b) Role of Women in Social Transformation

(c) Nuclear Energy in War and Peace(d) Indias Foreign Policy and World Power(e) Television and its Impact on Youth

2. Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions that follow:(5 x 15 = 75)It is wrong to believe that science has totally eclipsed literature with its inspiring zeal.That literature plays a subordinate role to science is equally untrue. Nevertheless, it isundeniable that science has comparatively a wider range for its impact on the physicalworld than literature. But that does not mean that literature has been incorporated in therealm of science to the extent that it loses its distinct individuality. The reality is that

both co-exist without the one overshadowing the other, Those who think that science haspushed literature into shade reducing it to a non-entity seem to be simply imaginativeand illogical in the comparisons of their respective merits. It is no doubt unquestionablethat products of science are of greater material value than those which make anemotional appeal, e.g., a bridge is of greater use to the public than a poem. But therebyone should not ignore the importance of a poem which will continue to appeal to humanmind for time to come. It is indisputable that a scientific theory like the one propoundedby Einstein is not without its philosophical import as it lays its impress on the futuregrowth of literature. But to be effective in this respect, science should unfold itsprinciples by appealing to human emotions and not through crude and concrete materialfacts. Darwins theory of Natural Selection in its exposition of the evolution of man byappeal to emotions and imagination of men has been conducive to the growth ofnin

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