UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM U UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM U ELEKTRODISTRIBUCIJSKOM SUSTAVU S ELEKTRODISTRIBUCIJSKOM SUSTAVU S FOTONAPONSKOMELEKTRANOMFOTONAPONSKOMELEKTRANOMFOTONAPONSKOM ELEKTRANOM FOTONAPONSKOM ELEKTRANOM PRIMJENOM NAPREDNIH (PAMETNIH) PRIMJENOM NAPREDNIH (PAMETNIH) ( )( )MJERENJAMJERENJAS e čilište J J Strossma era OsijekSveučilište J.J. Strossmayera u OsijekuElektrotehnički fakultet Osijek

Voditelj projekta: Doc.dr.sc. Zvonimir KlaicSuradnici: Prof.dr.sc. Damir Šljivac

Dr sc Krešimir FeketeDr.sc. Krešimir FeketeZorislav Kraus, dipl.inž.el.

Model sustava uravnoteženja opskrbe, proizvodnje i potrošnje el. energije na Elektrotehničkom fakultetu Osijekna Elektrotehničkom fakultetu Osijek

mjerenja proizvodnje fotonaponske elektrane snage 10 kWpj j p j p g p(obnovljivi izvor električne energije) 

mjerenja potrošnje uređaja za klimatizaciju (uređaj krajnjepotrošnje)

mjerenja ukupnog opterećenja zgrade fakulteta. 

Uravnoteženjem režima rada uređaja za klimatizaciju, ovisno o razini proizvodnje električne energije na fotonaponskoj elektrani može seproizvodnje električne energije na fotonaponskoj elektrani može se očekivati sniženje vršne vrijednosti snage uređaja za klimatizaciju, tijekom određenog razdoblja.

Analiza utjecaja uravnoteženja proizvodnje i potrošnje pomoću napredneAnaliza utjecaja uravnoteženja proizvodnje i potrošnje pomoću napredne mreže i to na modelu dijela elektrodistribucijskog sustava grada Osijeka. 

Očekivani rezultat: optimizacija vršne vrijednosti snage u analiziranom dijelu konzuma te mogućnost analize integracije fotonaponskih elektrana u elektrodistribucijski sustav.

IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme Hungary-Croatia 2007-2013Hungary-Croatia 2007-2013

Photovoltaic Systems as Actuators of Regional Development

REG-PHOSYS ; prof D.Pelin.

The project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Croatia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme

Purchasedequipment Photovoltaic Systems as Actuatorsof Regional DevelopmentPurchasedequipment of Regional Development

1) Photovoltaic equipment (photovoltaic panels- 5 different techologies,invertors).

2) Measurement equipment (power analyser, electrical and PV tester).3) Laboratory equipment (photovoltaic emulator, solar irradiation

meter)meter).4) Set of cables and wiring, monitoring equipment ( meteo station,

SOLAR LOG).ObjectiveObjective:

Photovoltaic system will be optimized for climatic conditions of the project impact area in terms of selecting solar cells technology.

The project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Croatia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme

The Impact of PV on Distribution System PowerThe Impact of PV on Distribution System – Power Quality Measurements

It is necessary to estimate the impact ofIt is necessary to estimate the impact ofPhotovoltaic on distribution power network.

The best way – power quality measurements.

The Impact of PV on Distribution System PowerThe Impact of PV on Distribution System – Power Quality Measurements

METRELPower quality measurements

• Before and after the connection of PV on the distribution grid

METRELPowerQ4 Plus

MI 2792A

of PV on the distribution grid

• According to EN 50160 – 7 days before and 7 days after the connection

• According to IEC 61000-4-30 –analyzer class Aanalyzer class A

TheImpactofPVonDistributionSystem PowerQuality

Th lt f P

The Impact of PV on Distribution System –Power Quality Measurements

The results of Power quality measurements:

• According to EN 50160g

• According to Croatian Grid Code

TheImpactofPVonDistributionSystem PowerQualityThe Impact of PV on Distribution System –Power Quality Measurements

Analisys of Power quality measurements

• Voltage fluctuation• Voltage dips and short

y q yaccording to EN 50160:

g pinterruptions

• Flickers• Harmonics and interharmonics• Overvoltages• Overvoltages• Transients• Waveform distortion• Voltage imbalance• Power frequency variations• Signaling voltages• DC component

The Impact of PV on Distribution System PowerThe Impact of PV on Distribution System – Power Quality Measurements

The real power delivered to distribution grid from PV power plant – during 7 days test operation of PV.

Voltage deviation

Range Limit Mark

230 V ± 10% 95,0 % OK

230 V +10%/‐15 % 100,0 % OK

Frequency deviation

Range Limit Mark

50 H ± 1% 99 5 % OK50 Hz ± 1% 99,5 % OK

50 Hz +4%/‐6% 100,0 % OK

THD

Range (contribution) Limit Mark

<2,5 % 95 % OK,

Imbalance

Range (contribution) Limit Mark

<1,3 %  95 % OK

Flickers

Range (contribution) Limit Mark

Pst (shortterm) < 0,7 95,0% OK

Plt (longterm) < 0,5 95,0 % OK

Power factor

Range Limit Mark

Definiran u EES 100% OK

Influence on signalMark

OK

The Impact of PV on Distribution System PowerThe Impact of PV on Distribution System – Power Quality Measurements

In laboratory, measurements are continuing...y g

University Project: Load Management in the Distribution System withUniversity Project: Load Management in the Distribution System withPhotovoltaic Power Plant Using Smart Metering

Paper: Load Management Scheme Using Air Conditioning Electric Power Consumption and Photovoltaic PowerElectric Power Consumption and Photovoltaic Power System Generation

Zvonimir Klaić, Damir Šljivac , Krešimir Fekete and Zorislav KrausUniversity of Osijek, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Power System Department, Osijek 31000, Croatia;

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, ISSN 1934‐8975, USA

Rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general

Power consumption is continuously increasing, and consumers are becoming more complex

Concept of Smart Grids is generally accepted as a possible solutionConcept of Smart Grids is generally accepted as a possible solution

The aim of this paper was creating algorithm for real‐time load management using power measurementsmeasurements

Algorithm for real‐time load management at the ETFOS was created based onAlgorithm for real‐time load management at the ETFOS was created based on

• measurements of photovoltaic power plant production, h f d d• the power consumption of air conditioning system and 

• the faculty building total electricity consumption

PV POWER PLANT

AIR CONDITIONINGSYSTEM

ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

FACULTY – MAINELECTRICAL

SWITCHBOARDPV POWER PLANT

ELECTRICAL SWITCHBOARD

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION GRID

The PV system: • 40 PV modules of 250 W connected to 2 strings.• Strings are connected to an inverter • The inverter was then connected via the electrical 

switchboard to the three phase LV distribution grid of 230/400 V 3 locations of power measurement

Air conditioning system ‐ consists of 5 Toshiba RAV‐SM1401AT‐E air conditioning units, each with rated power of 4.87 kW. The air conditioning system is installed in the main lecture hall which is the largest and most widely inThe air conditioning system is installed in the main lecture hall which is the largest and most widely in use.Significant portion of the ETFOS peak demand in summer period is caused by air conditioning system.

Power and energy of PV plant and air conditioning system

Day

PV power plant production

Air conditioning system consumption

PAV [kW] WTOT [kWh] PAV [kW] WTOT [kWh]

Day I 3.11 50.22 2.00 34.33

Day II 3.78 61.12 1.68 27.18

D III 4 01 64 88 5 24 84 69Day III 4.01 64.88 5.24 84.69

Day I and Day II electric power production by PV power plant exceeds powerDay I and Day II - electric power production by PV power plant exceeds power consumption of air conditioning system,

Day III - power production of PV system is less than power consumption of the air conditioning system

Block diagram of the proposed algorithm for smart load managementsmart load management

The main goal of proposed load management: PV power plant covering the peak load resulting from air conditioning system while retaining thefrom air conditioning system while retaining the minimum comfort level of the air conditioning system users

Future research would include installation of smart meters for air conditioning system and smart meters for air conditioning system andenergy storage device and setting up the communication between the PV power plant, air conditioning system energy storage device andconditioning system, energy storage device and the central control unit (microgrid)

DEMAND SIDE LOAD MANAGEMENT IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION

h d l f h f d b k f h f k

SYSTEM WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATIONZvonimir Klaić, Krešimir Fekete, Damir Šljivac

The model of the part of power distribution network of the city of Osijek has been created based on • results of the power measurements of total electricity consumption in p y p

a family house in Osijek, • air conditioning system consumption and • PV power plant production• PV power plant production. 

Also, algorithm for real‐time load management is proposed. 

It assumes coordinated control of air conditioning system units depending on the production of PV power plants and electricity consumption of distribution network, in order to reduce peak demand in the distribution network.

Measurements at three locations:• total electricity consumption of family house and• consumption of air conditioner were measured at house main electrical switchboard,• PV plant electricity production was measured at the PV plant AC electrical switchboard.

Measurements lasted for two weeks (started from 1 September 2014 and ended 15 September 2014).

Total consumption of the family house for a typical day

Part of the distribution network modelled in PowerWorldPart of the distribution network modelled in PowerWorld

PowerWorld software package is used to create a computer model of the PVPowerWorld software package is used to create a computer model of the PV power plant and local distribution network. 

In the simulation model, three radial feeders (with 20 family houses connected , ( yto each radial feeder) are connected to the 0.4 kV side of the transformer station as shown in Fig.

In order to investigate the impact of PV power plant production on distribution network, four simulation scenarios are simulated and analysed:

Scenario 1: without installed PV power plants Scenario 2: 1 installed PV power plant at every radial feeder

Scenario 3: 3 installed PV power plants at every radial feeder Scenario 4: 5 installed PV power plants at every radial feeder

Simulation of the Demand Side Load Management 

I i d h d d id l d i d d i i

START

Read PTS, PLIM, PIt is assumed that demand side load management is conducted using air 

conditioners installed in family houses. 

When active power supplied from the distribution network is higher than

PTS > PLIM

YES

NO

PAC1, PAC2,PAC3...PACn

PTS < 0YES charge the 

energy storage unit

NOWhen active power supplied from the distribution network is higher than the specified threshold, demand side load management is activated and air conditioners in specific family houses are turned off.

Calculate ΔP = PTS – PLIM PG1, PG2, PG3,

PG4

PG1 > ΔP turn off AC YESPG1 > ΔP units from PG1

NO

PG2 > ΔP YES turn off AC

units from PG2

NO

Load management algorithm:

f NO

PG3 > ΔP turn off AC units from PG3

YES

NO

• coordinated control of air conditioning units depending on the electricpower demand on transformer station and

• thus reducing peak demand in a part of distribution system.

turn off AC units from PG4 and take energy

Δt PG4 > ΔP turn off AC

units from PG4YES

NODistribution system operator (DSO) can set up the limit value of demandpower and all other values are obtained by smart measuring.

gyfrom energy storage unit

END

Scenarios 2‐4 are simulated again with the described load management applied. Threshold for load management activation is set to + 50 MW.

Comparison of results for the Scenario 2f l f hComparison of results for the Scenario 4

Comparison of results for the Scenario 3

Computer simulations show that PV power plant has beneficial effect on distribution network in termsof decreasing demand levelof decreasing demand level.

As this kind of power plants strongly rely on weather conditions, simulations also showed increasedimbalance in distribution network.

By adding load management scheme (by air conditioning units), and also with the included electricenergy storage, results of simulation showed that successful elimination the peak load in distributionsystem could be done.

Trenutni projekt:

Voditelj Krešimir Fekete

Web stranica http://www etfos unios hr/fakultet/imenik djelatnika/kfekete#ancWeb stranica predlagatelja

http://www.etfos.unios.hr/fakultet/imenik‐djelatnika/kfekete#anc

Naslov projekta Primjena optimizacijskih metoda upravljanja potrošnjom u elektrodistribucijskim mrežama sa fotonaponskim elektranama

Suradnici na projektu (ako postoje)

Zvonimir Klaić, docent, Elektrotehnički fakultet OsijekMario Primorac, stručni suradnik (student poslijediplomskog studija na ( p j ) ( p j p g jElektrotehničkom fakultetu u Osijeku), Elektrotehnički fakultet OsijekMario Šipoš, student poslijediplomskog studija na Elektrotehničkom fakultetu u Osijeku, zaposlen u MORH‐uj p

Glavni cilj projekta je pronaći model za optimalan plan upravljanja trošilima (kli đ j ) i ti l j št j ik h ij ilj(klima uređaja) i optimalan razmještaj spremnika za pohranu energije sa ciljem učinkovitijeg vođenja elektrodistribucijske mreže.

Hvala na pažnji!