UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

By

Ritesh Kumar&

Sujit Kumar

Fourth Edition : 2016

© Publishers

Publishers

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ISBN : 978-93-5013-203-6

Code No. 1735

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

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● Previous Years’ Solved Papers

Unit–1 : Geomorphology .................................................................................................................. 3–92● Objective Type Questions ................................................................................................. 66

Unit–2 : Climatology .................................................................................................................... 93–196● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 151

Unit–3 : Oceanography ............................................................................................................... 167–247● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 224

Unit–4 : Geographical Thought .................................................................................................. 248–277● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 271

Unit–5 : Population Geography .................................................................................................. 278–327● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 320

Unit–6 : Economic Geography ................................................................................................... 328–356● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 344

Unit–7 : Political Geography ...................................................................................................... 357–398● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 385

Unit–8 : Regional Planning ........................................................................................................ 399–421● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 413

Unit–9 : Geography of India ....................................................................................................... 422–477● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 454

Unit–10 : Cartography & Statistical Methods .............................................................................. 478–512● Objective Type Questions ............................................................................................... 502

✰ Geographical Terminology ...................................................................................... 513–537✰ Geographical Facts At a Glance ............................................................................. 538–695

Syllabus

Paper–II

Unit-1Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and weathering;

Geosynclines, Continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle; Landforms associated withfluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles.

Unit-2Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of

temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon and jet stream; Tropical andtemperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes.

Unit-3(A) Oceanography : Ocean deposits; Coral reefs. Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Density of sea

water; Tides and ocean currents.(B) Bio-Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem;

Conservation and management of ecosystems; Problems of pollution.

Unit-4Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and medieval period;

Foundations of modern geography; Determinism and possibilism; Areal differentiation and spatial organisation.

Unit-5(A) Population Geography : Patterns of world distribution; Growth and density of population; Patterns and

processes of migration; Demographic transition.(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban

settlements; City-region; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Placetheory; August Lösch’s theory of market centres.

Unit-6Economic Geography : Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources :

renewable and non-renewable :(A) Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and diversification. Von

Thünen’s model.(B) Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries.(C) Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and connectivity.

Unit-7(A) Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers.(B) Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of social well-being.(C) Cultural Geography : Culture-areas and cultural regions; Human races; Habital, economy and society of

tribal groups.

Unit-8Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; Concept of planning regions; Types of regions; Methods

of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development; Regional imbalances.

( vii )

Unit-9Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types and

vegetation regions; Major soil types; Irrigation and agriculture; Population distribution and growth; Settlementpatterns; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions.

Unit-10(A) Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; Choropleth;

Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagram; Mapping of location-specific data; Accessibility andflow maps.Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System(GIS).

(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulative frequency;Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion andconcentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among differentattributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score; Sampling techniques forgeographical analysis.

PAPER–III

Unit-1Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Factors controlling landform development; Endogenetic and

Exogenetic forces; Denudation process ; Weathering and erosion; Geosynclines, mountain building, continental driftand plate tectonics; Concept of Geomorphic Cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karstcycles, Slope forms and processes; Environmental and Applied Geomorphology.

Unit-2Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Insolation; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution

of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Stability andinstability of the atmosphere; Air-masses; Fronts; temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution ofprecipitation; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes; Hydrological Cycle; Globalwarming.

Unit-3(A) Oceanography : Origin of oceans basins; Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; Ocean

deposits; Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the Oceans; Density of sea water; Tides and oceancurrents; Sea-level changes.

(B) Bio-Geography : Physical factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Forms andfunctions of ecosystem : Forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystem; Bio-diversity and its depletionthrough natural and man-induced causes; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Environmentalhazards and problems of pollution; Ozone depletion.

Unit-4History of Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and

medieval period; Foundations of modern geography : Contribution of German, French, British and Americanschools; Conceptual and methodological developments during the 20th century; Changing paradigms; man andenvironment, determinism and possibilism, areal differentiation and spatial organisation; Quantitative revolution;Impact of positivism, humanism, radicalism and behaviouralism in geography.

Unit-5(A) Population Geography : Nature, scope, subject matter and recent trends : Patterns of world distribution,

growth and density of population; Policy issues; Patterns and processes of migration; Demographictransition; Population-resource regions.

(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urbansettlements; Ecological processes of urban growth; Urban fringe, City-region; Settlement systems; Primatecity; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Losch’s theory ofmarket centres.

( viii )

Unit-6Economic Geography : Location of economic activities and spatial organization of economies; Classification

of economies; Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources : Renewable andnon-renewable; Conservation of resources :

(A) Agricultural Geography : Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions; Measurementof agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combinations and diversification; Von Thünen’s model;Agricultural systems of the world.

(B) Industrial Geography : Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource basedand footloose industries.

(C) Geography of Transport and Trade : Models of transportation and transport cost; Accessibility andconnectivity : Inter-regional and Intra-regional : Comparative cost advantages.

Unit-7(A) Political Geography : Definition and scope of Political Geography; Geopolitics; Global strategic views

(Heartland and Rimland theories); Concept of nation, state and nation-state; Boundaries and frontiers;Politics of world resources; Geography and Federalism.

(B) Social Geography : Nature and scope of social geography; Social structure and social processes;Elements of Social Geography—ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of Socialwell-being.

(C) Cultural Geography : Nature and scope of cultural geography; Environment and culture; Concept ofculture-areas and cultural regions; Theories of tribal groups; Dwelling places as cultural expressions.

Unit-8Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; its application to planning; Concept of planning region;

Regional hierarchy; Types of regions and methods of regional delineation; Conceptual and theoretical framework ofregional planning; Regional planning in India : Concept of development; indicators of development; Regionalimbalances.

Unit-9Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types and

vegetation regions; Major soil types; Coastal and Marine resources; Water resources; Irrigation; Agriculture;Agroclimatic regions; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions; Population distributionand growth; Settlement patterns; Regional disparities in social and economic development.

Unit-10(A) Cartography : Map as a tool in geographical studies; Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial

patterns of distribution; Single purpose and composite maps; Choropleth, Isopleth and Chorochromaticmaps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location specific data; Accessibility and flow maps.

Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System(GIS) : Thematic maps.

(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Statistical diagrams; Study of frequency distributionand cumulative frequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping;Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuringassociation among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.

Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques, rankscore, weighted score; Sampling techniques for geographical analysis.

U.G.C. Geography (II) Jan. 2017 | 1

GeographyUGC-NET/JRF Exam.

(January 2017)Solved Paper

Held on 22 January, 2017

Geography(Paper–II)

Note—This paper contains fifty (50) objective typequestions of two (2) marks each. All questions arecompulsory.

1. Which one of the following mountains is formed dueto convergence of one oceanic and one continentalplate ?(A) Urals (B) Alps(C) Andes (D) Appalachians

2. Which one of the following processes is responsiblefor the weathering of rocks in a Karst region ?(A) Hydrolysis (B) Carbonation(C) Oxidation (D) Scree formation

3. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List–I (River) List –II (Type of Delta)(a) Nile 1. Estuarine(b) Mississippi 2. Arcuate(c) Ganga 3. Bird foot(d) Tiber 4. CuspateCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 4 3 1(B) 4 2 1 3(C) 1 4 2 3(D) 2 3 1 4

4. The term panplane refers to—(A) A level surface formed by wind erosion(B) A plane formed by joining of flood-plains(C) A level surface formed by the fluvial cycle at the

old age(D) A level plain formed by human intervention

5. The statement “The present is the key to the past”was made by—(A) Walther Penck (B) W.M. Davis(C) Huntington (D) James Hutton

6. A band of wind called ‘Jet Stream’ is found in—(A) Lower Troposphere(B) Middle Troposphere(C) Upper Troposphere(D) Whole Troposphere

7. ‘Negative Southern Oscillation Index’ refers to whichof the following ?(A) Favourable condition for El Nino(B) Favourable condition for La Nina(C) Favourable conditions both for El Nino and La

Nina(D) Unfavourable conditions both for El Nino and La

Nina

8. In which of the following areas, the main centre of‘Hurricane Mathew’ that occurred in Caribbean Sea inthe 1st week of October, 2016 was located?(A) Florida (B) Georgia(C) South Carolina (D) South-West Haitti

9. In Indian Ocean between 0º–10º N and 0º–10º Slatitudinal zones, the temperature variations is ofabout—(A) 3 ºC (B) 2 ºC(C) 1 ºC (D) 0 ºC

10. The general depth of abyssal plains varies between—(A) 1000 – 6000 metres (B) 2000 – 6000 metres(C) 3000 – 6000 metres (D) 4000 – 6000 metres

11. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List – I (River) List – II (Location)(a) Challenger 1. South Pacific(b) Aldrich 2. North Atlantic(c) Romanche 3. North Pacific(d) Nares 4. South AtlanticCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 1 4 2(B) 4 3 2 1(C) 1 2 3 4(D) 2 4 1 3

12. Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the areas ofrainfall ranging between—(A) less than 100 cm (B) 100 – 200 cm(C) 200 – 300 cm (D) more than 300 cm

13. India has how many major bio-georaphic regions?(A) 7 (B) 8(C) 9 (D) 10

4 | U.G.C. Geography (II) Jan. 2017

14. Which one of the following countries is devoid ofGlossopteris flora ?(A) India (B) Australia(C) Norway (D) South Africa

15. Given below are two statements, one labelled asAssertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Selectyour answer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : In the altitudinal range between 3400metre and 4500 metre in the Himalayas Alpine forest isfound.Reason (R) : Alpine forest like no human interference.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

16. In describing the process of spatial interaction, geogra-phers are most concerned with—(A) Density and Dispersion(B) Diffusion and Pattern(C) Accessibility and Connectivity(D) Pedestrian Cities

17. Who among the following formalised the concept thatthere exists relationship between the spatial organizationand national development ?(A) Luten (B) Dickens(C) Kuklinski (D) Friedman

18. The concept of ‘paradigm’ was propounded by—(A) Peet (B) Haggett(C) Kant (D) Kuhn

19. Who defined Geography as human ecology ?(A) Schaefer (B) Barrows(C) Hartshorne (D) Ellen Semple

20. The approach that some geographical facts accordingto Ritter, cannot be explained scientifically, is termedas—(A) Locational (B) Ecological(C) Teleological (D) Regional

21. How much of the liquid precipitation is equivalent toten inches of snowfall at deep/near freezing tempera-ture ?(A) About 3 inches(B) About 2 inches(C) About 1 inch(D) At times about one inch and at times about two

inches

22. Which one of the following letters represent the totalnumber of settlements of a certain order served by acentral place of the next higher order?(A) K (B) J(C) L (D) F

23. Who developed the theory of demographic transition ?(A) Zelinskey (B) Whittlesey(C) Warren Thompson (D) Ravenstein

24. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List–I (General Terms)(a) Crude birth rate(b) General fertility rate(c) Natural increase of population(d) Death rateList–II (Definitions)1. Births over deaths per thousand of population.2. Number of deaths per thousand of population.3. Ratio between number of births and number of

females in productive age.4. Ratio between the number of births and total popula-

tion.Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 3 1 2(B) 1 2 3 4(C) 3 4 2 1(D) 2 1 4 3

25. The rule “size of population of nth ranking town in aregion will be 1/nth of the largest city in terms ofpopulation” was given by—(A) M. Jafferson(B) J. Gattman(C) G.K. Ziph(D) C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman

26. When 0 – 14 and 15 – 44 age groups population of acountry is almost identical, the growth of populationwould be called—(A) Rapid growth (B) Slow growth(C) Zero growth (D) Negative growth

27. Who modified the crop-combination methodpropounded by J.C. Weaver ?(A) S.M. Rafiullah (B) Jasbir Singh(C) Doi (D) S.S. Bhatia

28. World’s largest Uranium reserves are found in—(A) Canada (B) Chile(C) Zaire (D) Nigeria

29. Which one of the following deserts is famous for thedeposits of Nitrates ?(A) Sahara (B) Gobi(C) Kalahari (D) Atakama

30. Who among the following is credited with incorporationof concept of geographical space in the Growth PoleTheory ?(A) Myrdal (B) Haggerstand(C) Boudeville (D) Friedman

31. What are the three basic aspects for spatial interactionas described in Edward Ullman’s model ?(A) Human behaviour, Transferability, Convenience

U.G.C. Geography (II) Jan. 2017 | 5

(B) Surplus-deficit relationship, Community specificrelationship, Complementarity

(C) Complementarity, Intervening opportunity, Trans-ferability

(D) Residential neighbourhood, Complementary,Convenience

32. The concept of Cultural landscape was promoted by—(A) Ratzel (B) Carl Sauer(C) Wilber Zelinsky (D) Aune Bultimer

33. Which one of the following is the largest entity inareal location ?(A) Cultural Region (B) Cultural Landscape(C) Cultural Relam (D) Cultural Point

34. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List–I (Scholar)(a) O.H.K. Spate(b) Terre and Peterson(c) Richards and Subbarao(d) AllchinList–II (Definitions)1. Role of relief features in the horizontal expansion

and segregation of cultures.2. Late stone age must be associated with people much

like the modern tribal groups in more remote regions.3. Values of the mountain wall are determined by as

much as what lies beyond as by its own topography.4. Direct relationship between the climatic changes

and the rise of early human cultures.Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 4 1 2(B) 3 2 1 4(C) 2 4 3 1(D) 4 1 3 2

35. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List–I (Macro Economic Regions by Bhatt)(a) Southern (b) North-Central(c) Eastern (d) WesternList – II (Group of States)1. Maharashtra and Gujarat2. Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal and Assam3. Mysore, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh4. Uttar Pradesh and Madhya PradeshCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 4 3 1(B) 3 2 4 1(C) 4 3 1 2(D) 3 4 2 1

36. Which one of the following regions separates the GreatPlains of North India from the plateaus and coastalplains of the Deccan ?

(A) Central Highlands (B) Western Himalayas(C) Eastern Himalayas (D) Western Arid Plains

37. For which one of the following regions, the flow analysistechnique is used for delineation of regions ?(A) Political (B) Formal(C) Functional (D) Physiographic

38. Which one of the following authors used 1961 Censusof India date to group the seven industrial categories ofworkers (excluding the first two categories representingthe agricultural sector) into the functional types ofmanufacturing town, trade and transport town andservice towns ?(A) Amrit Lal (B) Qazi Ahmed(C) Ashok Mitra (D) S.M. Rafiullah

39. Who wrote the book ‘Elements of Regional Economics’ ?(A) Harvey S. Perloff (B) Jean Forbes(C) Anotoni Kuklinski (D) Harry W. Richardson

40. Which one of the following authors presented modelthat formed the basis of the planning strategy in thesecond plan in India ?(A) Harrod (B) Mahalanobis(C) Domer (D) Dandeker

41. The Planning Commission of India was set up in whichyear ?(A) 1950 (B) 1952(C) 1960 (D) 1965

42. Which one of the following regions has been classifiedas the ‘Western Dry Region’ by the Planning Com-mission ?(A) North Bihar Dry Region(B) Rajasthan Dry Region(C) NEFA Region(D) West Bengal Duars

43. Whose portrayals epitomized the relationship ofPolitical Geography to foreign policy ?(A) Adolf Hitler (B) Winston Churchill(C) Karl Haushofer (D) Isaiah Bowman

44. Given below are two statements, one labelled asAssertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Selectyour answer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : The Tarai region represents a marshlike landscape.Reason (R) : The Tarai region is a zone of seepagewhere the fine sand, silt and clay are deposited by theemerging streams.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but R) is true

6 | U.G.C. Geography (II) Jan. 2017

45. Which one of the following statements is correct?(A) One Himalayas were formed due to faulting of the

earth’s crust(B) Himalayas are the oldest mountains(C) Himalayas belong to the Caledonian mountain

system(D) Himalayas have risen from the Tethys Sea when

the sea got compressed.

46. Cumulative frequency distribution is shown by—(A) Histogram (B) Frequency Curve(C) Pie diagram (D) Ogive

47. In linear regression equation, Y = a + bX, if mean of Xand Y series are 23 and 94.5 respectively and slopegradient is 1.5, then what is the value of intercept, a, inthe distribution of (X, Y) series?(A) 50 (B) 55(C) 60 (D) 60

48. Given below are two statements, one labelled asAssertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Selectyour answer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Maps that are usually referring variousattributes’ information are called complex Thematicmaps.Reason (R) : Complex Thematic Maps are used toshow locations of earth’s different features andactivities.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

49. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—

List–I List–II(Values of Rn (Pattern of

Statistics) Distribution)(a) < 0.5 1. Perfect uniform(b) 0.75 – 1.25 2. Tending to uniform(c) 1.75 – 2.00 3. Tending to random(d) 2.15 4. Tending to clusterCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 4 3(B) 1 2 3 4(C) 4 3 2 1(D) 3 4 1 2

50. Given below are two statements, one labelled asAssertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Selectyour answer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Remote sensing is defined as thescience and art of acquiring data about earth’s objectsfrom a distance without physical contact.

Reason (R) : The collection of data is only conductedby means of remote sensors installed in aircraft andsatellite.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

Answers with Explanations1. (C) As per description of Continental Drift Theory

of Wegner, North & South America Continents driftedtoward the west due to Tidal force. Due to resistanceand friction of Sima, the Western coast of above twocontinents folded, causing the formation of Andes& Rockies mountains.

2. (B) The process responsible for the Weathering ofrocks in Karts region is carbonation. Because it is atype of chemical weathering of rocks by rainwater.It is a very significant process in the reduction oflimestone terrain.

3. (D)4. (B) Pan plane is almost a flat land surface created by

the coalescence of flood plains owing to the lateralerosion by rivers of the intervening divides.

5. (D) The statement that “The present is the key tothe past” was given by James Hutton.

6. (C) Jet Stream is a narrow belt of high altitudes(above 12000 m) westerly wind in the tropospherewhose speed varies 110 km/hr in summer to 184 km/hr in winter.

7. (A) Southern Oscillation index gives an indicationof the development and intensity of Eln Nino andLa Nina in Pacific Ocean. The SO1 is calculated usingdifference between the Tahiti and Darwin. Thesustained negative values of SO1 below-7 afterindicates El-Nino episode.

8. (D) As on 11·00 EST on 3rd Oct. Category-4Hurricane Mathew was some 330 km. South westfrom Kingstone (Jamica) and 440 km South-Westfrom Ports-64-Prince (Haitti) in the Caribbean Sea.

9. (C) In Indian ocean the temp. between 00–10º N.Lat. is 27·88ºC. while in 0º–10º S. Lat temperature is27·41ºC.

10. (C) The general depth of Abyssal plains variusbetween 3000–6000 metres.

11. (A) 12. (B)13. (D) According to biogeographic characteristic which

deals the study and distribution of species, organismand eco-system in Geographic Space, following bio-geographic regions have been delianated in India.(1) Trans Himalayas, (2) Himalayas, (3) Desert,(4) Semi-arid, (5) Western Ghat. (6) Deccan plateau,

U.G.C. Geography (II) Jan. 2017 | 7

(7) Gangentic plain, (8) North-East Zone, (9) Coastalzone, (10) Islands present near the shore.

14. (C) Glossopteris flora are found in Australia, Indiaand South Africa. They are not found in Norway.

15. (C) 16. (C)17. (D) The concept that there exists a relationship

between the spatial organisation and nationaldevelopment was formulaised by Friedman.

18. (D) Kuhn, an American historian of science,elucidated the process of development of scienceprepared a model which he termed as ‘Paradigm ofScience’.

19. (B) It was Barrows who defined Geography as anhuman ecology.

20. (C) Ritter had a vision of an ordered and harmoniousuniverse. His approach was Teleological.

21. (C) The average snow to liquid ratio is 10 : 1. This issaying that if 10 inches of snow fall and if that snowwas melted, it would produce 1 inch of liquidprecipitation in the rain guage.

22. (A)23. (C) Demographic Transition Theory was profounded

by W. S. Thomson (1929) and Frank Netestean (1945).24. (A)25. (C) G.K. Ziph (1949) in his study of Rank size of 100

big cities (Urban areas) in America. On the basis ofpopulation of 1940, he stated if value of N is 10 lacwhich is equivalent to the population of biggestmega city in USA in the same rank. The populationof 10th place will be 1 lac and population of 100thplace will be 10,000.

26. (C) When 0–14 and 15–44 age group population ofa country is almost identical, the growth of populationwould be called Zero growth, because the fertilityrate (age group of 20–40) shall be probably nil.

27. (C) 28. (C) 29. (C)30. (C) The concept of geographical space in Growth

Pole Theory was incorporated by Boudeville, whofocus on geographical space.

31. (C)32. (B) The concept of cultural landscape was promoted

by Carl O. Sauer, in which he said “Geographershould proceed generally and trace the developmentof a natural landscape into a cultural landscape. Healso emphasized. The creation of cultural landscapeinvolves (i) Regional Geography, (ii) GeneralGeography, (iii) Historical Geography.

33. (C) 34. (A) 35. (D)36. (A) Central Highlands (Vindhyan & Malwa Plateaus)

are the regions that separates the great plans ofNorth India from the plateaus and coastal plains ofDeccan.

37. (C)38. (C) It was Ashok Mitra who considered in his study

that three primarly functions e.g., Agriculture,Agricultural labourers and forestry are not per-formed in towns. Hence he leaving these threefunctions he considered, Household industry,Manufacturing other than household industry,construction, trade and commerce transport, storageand communication and services as a functions intown.

39. (D) 40. (B)41. (A) Planning Commission of India was set up in 1950.42. (B) Rajasthan dry region is a western dry region as

classified by Planning Commission.43. (C) 44. (A) 45. (D)46. (D) Cumulative frequency distribution is shown by

Ogive.47. (C) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (C)

8 | U.G.C. Geography (III) Jan. 2017

Geography(Paper–III)

Note—This paper contains seventy five (75) objec-tive type questions of two (2) marks each. All questionsare compulsory.

1. Ria is an example of—(A) Neutral shore(B) Compound shore(C) Emerged upland shore(D) Submerged upland shore

2. The Indian plateau owes its existence due to—(A) compressional forces(B) tensional forces(C) emergence(D) subsidence

3. The comprehensive theory of geosyncline was putforward by—(A) Hall and Dana (B) E. Haug(C) J. A. Steers (D) J. W. Evans

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—

List-I List-II(Shape and Alignment (Specific names of

of Dunes) Dunes)(a) Longitudinal 1. Reversing(b) Transverse 2. Coastal(c) Parabolic 3. Seif(d) Complex 4. BarchanCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 4 2 1(B) 1 2 3 4(C) 2 1 4 3(D) 4 3 1 2

5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Theories of Cavern formation)(a) Two cycle theory(b) Water table theory(c) Static water zone theory(d) Invasion theoryList-II (Scholars)1. Swinnerton 2. Gardner3. Marott 4. Davis

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 3 2 1 4(B) 4 1 2 3(C) 2 3 1 4(D) 4 2 3 1

6. Lateral planation theory of pediment formation wasproposed by—(A) McGee (B) Gilbert(C) Lawson (D) Davis

7. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion(A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select youranswer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Hawaii Island is a region of volcanicactivity.Reason (R) : Convergent plate margins are sites ofvolcanic eruptions.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the

correct explanation of (A)(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is correct

8. Which one of the following descriptions is appropriatefor the term ‘barotropic’ ?(A) Isobars and isotherms are parallel(B) Isobars and isotherms are not parallel(C) Isobars and isohalines are parallel(D) Isobars and isohalines are not parallel

9. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Surface Condition)(a) Forest (b) Desert(c) Rain forest (d) GrasslandsList-II (Precipitation Efficiency (P-E) Index)1. > 127 2. < 163. 32 – 63 4. 64 – 127Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 1 2 4(B) 3 1 4 2(C) 4 2 3 1(D) 4 2 1 3

U.G.C. Geography (III) Jan. 2017 | 9

10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Component)(a) Oxygen (b) Argon(c) Carbon di-oxide (d) NitrogenList-II (Volume % in dry air)1. 0·03 2. 78·083. 0·93 4. 20·94Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 2 3 1(B) 4 3 1 2(C) 3 4 2 1(D) 4 3 2 1

11. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion(A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select youranswer from the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Tropical climates are of specialgeographical interest.Reason (R) : Over 75% of the World’s populationinhabits between latitudes 30º N and 30º S.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

12. In Koppen’s classification of climate the symbol Awrefers to—(A) Monsoon climate(B) Tropical rainforest climate(C) Steppe climate(D) Tropical savanna climate

13. Which one of the following is the main energy sourcefor the formation of hurricanes ?(A) Geothermal energy of the Earth(B) Latent heat derived from condensed water vapour(C) Large scale fossil fuel burning(D) Formation of Ozone (O3) hole

14. Which one of the following is the correct average airmass density at the surface of the earth ?(A) 0·9 kg m–3 (B) 1·2 kg m–3

(C) 1·5 kg m–3 (D) 0·7 kg m–3

15. In which one of the following atmospheric layers thetemperature decreases with height at an average rateof about 0·6ºC per 100 m ?(A) Troposphere (B) Stratosphere(C) Thermosphere (D) Ionosphere

16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Nature of the change)(a) Desertification in the semi-arid area(b) Gully development in a valley bottom

(c) Increasing coast erosion(d) Greater river-flood intensityList-II (Possible anthropogenic causes)1. Effect of groynes up the coast2. Overgrazing3. Runoff from a new road4. UrbanisationCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 3 4 1(B) 2 3 1 4(C) 3 2 1 4(D) 4 3 2 1

17. Which one of the following was first to put forwardthe concept of ‘life form’ among plants in 1934 ?(A) A. S. Moffat (B) R. H. Whittaker(C) Christen Raunkiaer (D) E. O. Box

18. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Elements)(a) Sea water (b) Oceanic crust(c) Continental crust (d) Continental marginList-II (Density in gm/cm3)1. 2·4 2. 1·033. 2·8 4. 2·9Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 2 1 3(B) 2 4 1 3(C) 2 4 3 1(D) 3 4 2 1

19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answerfrom the codes given below—List-I (Sea Configuration)(a) Sea bottom(b) Surface layer of sea water(c) Deep-sea trenches(d) Sea water columnList-II (Deposits)1. Hadalpelagic 2. Pelagic province3. Benthic province 4. Epipelagic zoneCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 4 2 1(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 4 3 2 1(D) 1 4 2 3

20. Which one of the following is the correct average slopeangle of continental slope ?(A) 2º (B) 4º(C) 6º (D) 8º

21. Given below are two statements, one labelled asAssertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).Select your answer from the codes given below—

UGC NET /JRF /SET Geography (Paper-II & III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350132036Author : Ritesh Kumar &Sujit Kumar

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