Updated Restoration Plan and Letter to the Commssion · 2017-08-24 · Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30...
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Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30 Pleasant Street, Andover, Massachusetts 01810 t: 617.240.2865 e: [email protected] 1 16 August 2017 Robert Masys RAM Engineering 160 Main Street Haverhill, MA 01830 RE: Revised Wetland Restoration Plan 309 South Main Street, Haverhill, MA Dear Bob, In response to the letter dated August 10, 2017 from Haverhill’s Environmental Health Technician, Robert E. Moore, Jr., I have prepared a revised Wetland Restoration Plan and narrative that seeks provides a detailed, stepwise series of actions that are required to address disturbance to the wetland and buffer zone areas on the property. The following details important updates and revisions to fulfill the Conservation Commission’s request for additional information. Overview of Comments Associated with Restoration 1) As detailed in the Enforcement Order, the Applicant must “continue to maintain effective erosion control devices to protect the resource area and No Disturbance Zone” and to, “by August 31, 2017, seed all areas of disturbed 100’ – buffer zone, under the direction of your wetlands consultant, to establish vegetative stabilization during the fall growing season.” The Applicant has maintained erosion control structures and has been provided a source for suitable native seed mix to stabilize the upland buffer zone (New England Wildflower upland seed mix). The wetland ground cover has recovered fully on its’ own and seeding that portion of the site is not presently required for soil stabilization. That said, a wetland seed mix should to be sewn during the wetland restoration activities to guarantee a robust, native seed bank for next growing season (see page 6). 2) From Mr. Moore’s August 3, 2107 Staff Meeting Notes: • A more robust, final plan should be submitted to demonstrate conformity with the 2002 MA Inland Wetland Replication Guidelines. • The proposed planting densities are light in comparison to the Commonwealth’s design guidelines. The final plan should be tailored towards the Commonwealth’s densities.
Transcript of Updated Restoration Plan and Letter to the Commssion · 2017-08-24 · Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30...
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Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30 Pleasant Street, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
t: 617.240.2865 e: [email protected] !
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16!August!2017!
Robert!Masys!RAM!Engineering!160!Main!Street!Haverhill,!MA!01830!!RE:$$ Revised$Wetland$Restoration$Plan$
309$South$Main$Street,$Haverhill,$MA$$
Dear!Bob,!
In!response!to!the!letter!dated!August!10,!2017!from!Haverhill’s!Environmental!Health!Technician,! Robert! E.!Moore,! Jr.,! I! have! prepared! a! revised!Wetland! Restoration! Plan!and!narrative!that!seeks!provides!a!detailed,!stepwise!series!of!actions!that!are!required!to! address! disturbance! to! the! wetland! and! buffer! zone! areas! on! the! property.! The!following! details! important! updates! and! revisions! to! fulfill! the! Conservation!Commission’s!request!for!additional!information.!
Overview!of!Comments!Associated!with!Restoration!
1)! As! detailed! in! the! Enforcement! Order,! the! Applicant! must! “continue! to! maintain!effective!erosion!control!devices!to!protect!the!resource!area!and!No!Disturbance!Zone”!and! to,! “by!August!31,!2017,! seed!all! areas!of!disturbed!100’!–!buffer! zone,!under! the!direction! of! your!wetlands! consultant,! to! establish! vegetative! stabilization! during! the!fall!growing!season.”!
The! Applicant! has! maintained! erosion! control! structures! and! has! been! provided! a!source! for! suitable! native! seed!mix! to! stabilize! the! upland! buffer! zone! (New!England!Wildflower!upland!seed!mix).!The!wetland!ground!cover!has!recovered!fully!on!its’!own!and!seeding!that!portion!of!the!site!is!not!presently!required!for!soil!stabilization.!That!said,!a!wetland!seed!mix!should!to!be!sewn!during!the!wetland!restoration!activities!to!guarantee!a!robust,!native!seed!bank!for!next!growing!season!(see!page!6).!
2)!!From!Mr.!Moore’s!August!3,!2107!Staff!Meeting!Notes:!
• A!more!robust,! final!plan!should!be!submitted!to!demonstrate!conformity!with!the!2002!MA!Inland!Wetland!Replication!Guidelines.!
• The!proposed!planting!densities!are!light!in!comparison!to!the!Commonwealth’s!design! guidelines.! The! final! plan! should! be! tailored! towards! the!Commonwealth’s!densities.!
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!• A!wildlife!habitat!section!should!particularly!be!added.!This!section!should!touch!
upon!the!criteria!outlined!in!the!Guidelines,!such!as!food,!shelter,!breeding…!• The!preliminary!plan!does!not!address!restoration/stabilization!of!the!25’a100’!
reach!of!the!buffer!zone.!
The!updated!Wetland!Restoration!Plan!provided!herein!has!been!designed!to!conform!with!the!2002!MA!Inland!Wetland!Replication!Guidelines!to!the!extent!practicable.!It!is!important! to! note,! the!Guidelines!were! specifically! developed! for!wetland! replication.!That! is,! creation! of! a! new! wetland! area! by! preparing! an! upland! or! marginal! site! to!replace! wetland! functions! and! values! lost! elsewhere.! In! contrast,! in! this! case,! the!Applicant! seeks! to! restore! an! existing,! hydrologicallyastable! wetland! by! reaplanting!vegetation!and!reaestablishing!wildlife!habitat! lost!through!cutting!and!disturbance.!In!preparing! this! Plan,! additional! plantings! have! been! suggested! aboveaandabeyond! the!quantities!originally!scoped!in!the!preliminary!wetland!restoration!plan,!particularly!in!the! shrub! layer! to! provide! more! immediate! shading,! cover,! and! evapotranspiration!functions.! The! Narrative! (beginning! on! page! 6)! now! includes! a! section! on! wildlife!habitat!and!functions,!as!well!as!restoration!actions!designed!to!accommodate!functions!lost.!!Since!the!Applicant!seeks!to!propose!work!within!the!100’!buffer!zone!(outside!of!the! 25’! No! Disturbance! zone,! restoration! plantings! within! the! 25’a100’areach! will! be!limited!to!native!ground!cover!plantings!aimed!at!rapid!and!effective!soil!stabilization!along!the!slope!rather!than!woody!plantings.!
3)!!From!Mr.!Moore’s!August!9,!2017!eamail!to!Dr.!Moore:!
• Specify!planting!sizes.!• Provide!a!watering!plan.!• [Paraphrased]! What! additional! restoration! measures! could! be! included! to!
address!potential!impacts!to!processes!such!as!evapotranspiration?!• Addition! of! woody! debris,! hummocks,! and! ephemeral! pools! should! be!
considered,!and!if!the!latter,!additional!soils!information!should!be!added.!
The!revised!Wetland!Restoration!Plan!and!Narrative!now!include!planting!numbers!and!sizes,! a! watering! plan,! and! text! detailing! steps! to! restore! or! enhance! wetland! and!wildlife!habitat!functions!and!values!(pages!5a8).!
Wetland!Description!
Review! of! available! aerial! imagery! (source:! Google! Earth™)! provided! little! value! in!determining! the! composition! or! boundary! of! the! historic! vegetated! wetland! (Figure!1a+b)! versus! its! present,! disturbed! condition! (Figures! 2a5).! However,! these! images!supported!the!fieldadetermination!that!a!portion!of!the!site!had!been!a!forested!wetland!due!to!the!observation!of!many!remaining!stumps,!determined!to!be!red!maple!(Acer00
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rubrum)!within!the!impacted!area!while!red!oak!(Quercus0rubrum)!occurred!outside!the!wetland! boundary.! Historic! aerials! between! 1992! through! 1995,! curiously,! seem! to!show!the!area!to!be!open!and!unforested;!however!the!red!maples!recently!cut! in!this!area!could!easily!established!in!the!20+!years!since!these!historic!images!where!taken.!The!wetland! itself! remains!a! topographic!depression!surrounded!by!rather!significant!elevation! along! its! southern! borders! that! surely! helps! to! maintain! its! hydrologic!condition! through! surface! runoff! through! much! of! the! year,! but! soil! inspection! also!suggest!potentially!significant!ground!water!connectivity!and!highly!permeable,!sandy!soils!(Figures!6a7).!0
!Figures!1a+b:!Aerial! imagery! from!summer!2016!and!winter!2013!(source:!Google!Earth™)!showing!the!density!of! forested!canopy!(a)!and!the!number!of!individual!standing!trees!that!contribute!to!that!density!(b).!
Classified! as! a! bordering! vegetated!wetland! (BVW),! the! 10,293! s.f.! area! drains! to! the!southeast!corner!of!the!parcel!through!an!offasite!culvert!recently!installed!by!the!City!that! runs! under! Chadwick! Street! and! ultimately! connects! to! the! Merrimack! River.!During! the! site! visits,! standing! water! was! observed! throughout! much! of! the! area! in!question,! and! other! evidence! of! hydrology! (e.g.,! water! marks,! stained! leaves,! and!surficial!drainage!patterns)!were!also!observed.!While! all!woody!vegetation!had!been!removed,!remaining!stumps!provided!evidence!of!red!maple!and!red!oak!as!noted!above,!plus!Norway!maple! (Acer0platanoides)! and! box! elder! (A.0negundo).! In! the! shrub! layer!small! diameter! stumps! of! what! was! likely! buckthorn! (Frangula0 alnus)! or! possibly!speckled! alder! (Alnus0 serulata)! and! dogwood! (Cornus0 amomum)! were! noted,!particularly! in! the! wetter! areas.! Clear! evidence! of! invasive! tartarian! honeysuckle!(Lonicera0tartarica),!poison!ivy!(Rhus0radicans),!and!Pachysandra!(Pachysandra!sp.)!still!remains.!!Finally,!some!scattered!herbaceous!ground!cover!remained,!likely!germinating!since! the! alteration.! These! species! include! jewelweed! (Impatiens0 capensis),! sensitive!fern! (Onoclea0sensibilis),! and!Canada!mayflower! (Maianthemum0canadensis),! the! latter!near!the!upland!edge.!It!is!difficult!to!assess!how!diverse!the!site!might!have!been,!but!the!dense!forested!canopy!suggests!that!what!shrub!or!ground!cover!existed!was!likely!to!have!been!only!moderately!dense,!if!not!sparse,!similar!to!that!remaining!in!unaltered,!adjacent!areas!off!site.!
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Figures!2! and!3:!Existing! conditions! viewed! in!opposing!directions.!Note! location!of! parking! area! and! church!on!Chadwick!Street!adjacent!to!northeast!property!boundary!of!the!subject!parcel.!Photos!dated:!April!24,!2017.!
!Figures!4!and!5:!Cut!stumps!looking!south!(left)!and!disturbed!soils!looking!northanortheast!(right).!
!Figures!6!and!7:!Examples!of!sandy!soils!of!the!upland!condition!(left)!and!the!depleted!matrix!of!the!wetland!condition!(right).!Photo!dates:!April!20,!2017.!
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Wetland!Functions!and!Values!
Despite!the!alteration!of!vegetation!and!soil!surface,!the!BVW!still!maintains!some!of!its!original!wetland!functions!and!values!including!protection!of!public!and!private!water!supply,! flood!control!and!storm!damage!prevention,!prevention!of!pollution,!and!even!some!limited!wildlife!habitat!(the!latter!due!to!natural!reacolonization!of!ground!cover!and! some! shrub! species).! ! The! topography! of! the!wetland! and!No!Disturbance! zones!have!not!been!altered,!nor!has!the!hydrology!of!the!site!overall.!It!still!remains!a!conduit!for!surface!runoff!and!ground!water!movement,!albeit!is!quite!possible!that!patterns!of!flooding!and!drying!may!have!been!altered!by!removal!of!mature!trees!and!some!shrub!cover! –! thereby! affecting! evapotranspiration! and!water! uptake! from! roots,! etc.!While!there!is!no!question!that!actions!taken!at!the!site!created!a!significant!disturbance,!the!fact!that!the!hydrology!remains!in!place!will!greatly!benefit!the!likelihood!for!success!in!restoration!planting!and!site!enhancements.!!!
Wildlife!Habitat!Considerations!
Based!on!site!evidence!and!the!adjacent!plant!communities!that!were!not!disturbed,!it!is!likely!the!altered!BVW!and!buffer!zone!areas!provided!moderate!wildlife!habitat!value!for!arboreal,!fossorial!and!subafossorial!animals.!To!restore!the!habitat!potential!of!the!site,!restoration!of!a!plant!community!may!not!be!enough.!As!suggested!in!Mr.!Moore’s!comments,!provision!should!be!made!to!encourage!wildlife!to!recolonize!the!disturbed!area.!Actions!such!as!placement!of!woody!debris,!selection!of!plant!stock!with!particular!value! to! wildlife! for! food/shelter,! and! even! creation! of! microtopography! could! be!included! in! restoration! plans.! Recalling! the! site! conditions,! one!may! note! that!woody!debris!have!been!left!in!the!disturbance!area!and!perhaps!should!be!left!in!place,!while!shallow! ephemeral! pools! were! unintentionally! created! within! the! wetland! in! cases!where! trees! were! removed! with! their! stump! and! roots.! Reagrading! these! soil!disturbances! may! forfeit! wildlife! habitat! benefits! microtopography! often! creates.!However,! placement! of! addition! features! such! as! scattered! rock! and! stone! ‘piles’! are!often!beneficial!to!a!wide!variety!of!wildlife!species!likely!to!utilize!the!site!and!should!be!part!of!the!restoration!plan.! !
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Wetland!Restoration!Plan!Narrative!
As! detailed! in!my! June! 22,! 2017! letter,! it! is! difficult! to! determine! how!many!mature!trees!were!cut!as!a!result!of!the!site!disturbance!since!there!was!evidence!that!at!least!some! stumps! were! removed! from! the! soil.! That! said,! over! 15! red! maple! stumps! of!varying!size!were!noted!remaining!within!the!wetland!area.!It!is!likely,!based!on!Figures!1a2,!that!there!were!considerably!more!mature!trees!in!this!system,!including!red!maple!and! possibly! box! elder! on! the! periphery! or! dryer! portions! of! the! wetland.! Basing! a!restoration! spacing! of! a! typical! mature! crown! of! 25’,! it! is! possible! to! establish!restoration!planting!of!~!25!red!maples,!or!substitute!with!a!majority!of!red!maples!(75a80%)!and!smaller!proportion!(20a25%)!of!box!elder!depending!upon!availability.!While!the!Guidelines!suggest!a!planting!specification!of!10a15’!on!center!for!canopy!species!in!a!wetland! replication! site! (i.e.,! site!where!hydrology! is!being! created! to!accommodate!development!of!a!wetland),!planting!20a25’!on!center!should!be!perfectly!adequate!for!restoring!plants! to! this! existing,! hydrologically! stable!wetland!area.! Furthermore,! this!spacing!appears!to!represent!a!greater!than!1:1!ratio!of!trees!lost!to!trees!reaplanted.!!
Similar! to! the! wetland,! the! upland! noadisturbance! zone! was! largely! stumped! and!grubbed,! with! only! scattered! cut! stumps! remaining.! That! said,! it! is! appropriate! to!assume! from! the! recent! aerial! imagery! that! this! area!was!moderately! vegetated!with!mature! trees.! Accordingly,! the! area! should! be! planted! with! ~! 8a12! native! trees! that!reflect!the!forest!community!and!plant!density!remaining!in!adjacent!lots,!which!would!have!included!red!oak!and!Norway!maple.!However,!since!Norway!maple!is!considered!by!many!to!have!invasive!tendencies,!other!native!upland!tree!species!such!as!American!beech! (Fagus0 grandifolia)! or! yellow! birch! (Betula0 alleghaniensis)! might! be! a! suitable!alternative.!Restoration!stock!should!be!at!least!1”!caliper!(>8’!tall)!and!may!be!as!large!as!2.5”!caliper!(~15’!tall)!as!this!size!range!establishes!well!and!grows!quickly!(personal0communication0w/0Pierson0Nurseries).!
Beneath! this! restoration! canopy,! a! host! of! native! facultative!wetland! shrubs! could! be!established! along! an! elevation/hydrology! gradient! with!more! obligate,! flood! tolerant!species! in! the! lower,!wetter! conditions! of! the! northeast! corner! of! the!wetland,!while!facultative!wetland! shrubs!would! be! better! suited! at! the!western! and! north!western!portion!of!the!wetland.!All!species!selected!should!have!high!wildlife!habitat!value,!such!as!food!sources!or!provision!of!cover!for!foraging,!nesting,!breeding,!etc.!In!response!to!Mr.!Moore’s!suggestions,!and!the!Guidelines,!the!total!number!of!shrub!layer!plantings!has! been! increased.! Suitable! species! for! the! wetter,! seasonally! flooded! areas! may!include! a! mix! of! ~15! dogwood,! speckled! alder,! and! highbush! blueberry! (Vaccinium0corymbosum).! In! less! flooded! areas,! ~15! species! such! as! winterberry! holly! (Ilex0verticillata)!and!northern!arrowwood!(Viburnum0dentatum)!would!be!well!suited.!These!shrubs!were!based!on!a!planting!specification!of!5’!on!center,!which!is!nearly!2x!the!!
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density!suggested!by!the!Guidelines!which!suggest!8a10’!on!center.!Accordingly,!shrub!plantings! will! create! a! dense! vegetative! cover! of! 30! individual! plants! to! provide!immediate!shade,!cover,!food!source!and!other!wildlife!habitat!benefits!while!hastening!water! uptake! and! evapotranspiration! in! the! near! term! as! canopy! species! grow! to!maturity.! Along! the! upland! edge! within! the! 25’! No! Disturbance! zone,! witch! hazel!(Hammemelis0virginiana)!might!do!particularly!well!given!the!moderately!dense!canopy!sought! by! the! restoration! goals.! Again,! around! 10! shrubs! approximate! the! original!density! based! on! site! data! collected.! Shrub! stock! should! be! 18a24”! individuals! and!should!be!planted!in!clusters!and!patches!to!mimic!natural!communities.!
!Figures! 8! and! 9:! Evidence! of! significant! natural! revegetation! of! herbaceous! cover! within! the! disturbance! area! (left)! and!siltation!fence!installed!by!Applicant!(right).!Photos!dated!20!June!2017.!
Since!ground!cover!has!recovered!throughout!the!disturbed!area,!it!may!be!unnecessary!to!formally!replant!herbaceous!species!that!clearly!remain!viable!in!the!seed!bank!of!the!system,!disturbed!or!otherwise.!Considerable!regrowth!of!herbaceous!cover!was!noted!in! late! June! 2017! (Figures! 8a9)! and! that! ground! cover! has! continued! to! expand!throughout! the!wetland!and! upland! areas.! That! said,! it! is! recommend! that! a!wetland!seed! mix! be! sewn! during! the! restoration! planting! effort! (e.g.,! New! England!Wetland!Plants,!Inc.:!WetMix)!to!insure!further!restoration!of!native!ground!cover!in!addition!to!that!which!has!recolonized!naturally.!Appendix!A!shows!the!final!restoration!plan!and!planting!guidance,!including!plant!quantities!and!stock!size!as!a!guideline!for!achieving!restoration!success.!!
Watering$Plan$and$Restoration$Monitoring$
To! insure!restoration!success,!stock!selected! for!restoration!must!be! from!a!reputable!Vendor!and!installed!by!a!licensed!Contractor.!From!prior!restoration!work!in!Haverhill,!I! can! provide! names! of! at! least! three! such! Vendors! and! Contractors! who! would! be!capable! and! suitable.! Once! the! Vendor! and! Contractor! have! been! selected! and!recommended!stock!procured,!I!will!coordinate!with!the!Contractor!and!be!present!!
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!during!the!installation!of!plant!materials!at!the!aboveareferenced!site.!Wetland!planting!will! not! require! watering! due! to! existing! hydrology! and! the! fact! that! they! will! be!planned!for!fall!installation.!Plantings!within!the!25’!No!Disturbance!zone!would!benefit!from!watering!at!least!1a2x!per!week!for!2a3!weeks!following!planting.!Since!this!area!is!in!close!proximity!to!the!existing!building,!it!may!be!most!economical/practical!for!the!Applicant! to!handle!watering!plan! stock! in! the!upland!directly,! rather! than! to! require!the!Contractor! to!return!to! the!site!repeatedly!but! I! leave!that! to! the!Commission!and!the!Applicant!to!discuss.!Finally,!I!will!initiate!a!siteamonitoring!plan!that!will!consist!of!the!following:!
!• Planting! locations!will! be! staked! or! flagged! in! the! field! prior! to! installation! to!
allow!the!Conservation!to!review!and!approve!locations!prior!to!site!work;!• Site! conditions! will! be! photoadocumented! before! and! after! plant! installation!
from!at!least!four!(4)!fixed!locations;!• The!total!number!and!species!of!each!plant!installed!will!be!field!verified!on!the!
day(s)!of!installation;!• The!approximate!location!of!each!planting!will!be!confirmed!in!reference!to!the!
suggested!locations!on!the!Restoration!Mitigation!Plan!(attached);!• Shortaterm! site! assessment! will! be! conducted! at! suitable! intervals! the! first!
growing!season!after!planting!to!assess!site!condition,!survivorship,!etc.;!• Recommendations!for!stock!replacement!will!be!provided!in!written!form!to!the!
Commission!in!the!event!of!plant!loss!after!the!first!growing!season;!!• As!required!by!Wetlands!Protection!Act!and! further!detailed! in! the!Guidelines,!
assessment! of! plant! survivorship,! vigor! and/or! growth! metrics! will! be!conducted! for! two!years! from!project! start! and! results!will!be! compiled! into!a!concise!monitoring!report.!Data!Sheets!from!the!Guidelines!(Appendix!4,!pp.!30a33)!will!be!used!to!document!restoration!progress.!At!least!75%!cover!must!be!maintained!to!demonstrate!compliance.!!
Should!it!be!required,!I!will!communicate!results!of!each!monitoring!event!through!a!concise!communication!to!the!Conservation!Commission!(e.g.,!eamail!or!phone!call).!However,! should! there! be! need! for! stock! replacement! or! other! forms! of! adaptive!management,!these!suggestions!will!be!communicated!to!the!Commission!via!eamail!and!copied!to!the!project!team.!!! !
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Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30 Pleasant Street, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
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!Thank!you! for! the!opportunity! to!provide!a! response! to!Mr.!Moore’s! letter! and! to!incorporate!those!comments!and!suggestions!into!the!revised!Wetland!Restoration!Plan.! I! look! forward! to!working!with! the!Applicant,! the!Conservation!Commission!and! the! project! team! to! insure! a! successful! wetland! and! noadisturbance! zone!restoration!within!the!project!area.!!Sincerely,!!!!Gregg!E.!Moore,!Ph.D.!Zodiac'Ecological,'LLC'!Attachments!!cc:! Patrick!Driscoll!! Donald!Borenstein,!Johnson!and!Borenstein,!LLC!
Robert!Moore,!City!of!Haverhill!
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Zodiac Ecological, LLC 30 Pleasant Street, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
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Appendix$A:$Revised$Wetland$Restoration$Plan$
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Key$
Key$$
Canopy$$
(All$1”/2.5”$caliper)$
$
Red$maple$(13)$
$
$
Box$elder$(12)$
$
$
Red$Oak$(8*)$
$
Shrubs$
(All$18”/24”$tall)$
$
Dogwood$(5)$$
$
Speckled$alder$(5)$
$
Blueberry$(5)$
$
Arrowwood$(8)$
$
Winterberry$(7)$
$
Witch$hazel$(10)$
$
_________$
*$subsPtute$with$beech$
or$yellow$birch$
**$WetMix$within$BVW$
***$UplandMix$within$
$$$$$$$$25’$/100’$buffer$zone$
Wetland$and$No-Disturbance$Zone$Restora7on$Plan$309$South$Main$Street,$Haverhill,$MA$
Prepared'by:'Gregg$E.$Moore,$Ph.D.$
Zodiac$Ecological,$LLC$
Revised'24Aug2017'
N$
