Update on SPICE and C- · PDF filePluvio2 200cm2. Snow Hydro Limited . ... Precipitation Gauge...

Update on SPICE and C-SPICE

Craig D. Smith, Daqing YangEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoon, SK

SPICE Objectives• Define field references using automatic instruments

• Characterize current operational and emerging automatic instrumentsmeasuring snow

gauge/shield combination for different collection conditions/climates sources and magnitude of errors

• Derive adjustment methods as a function of wind, temperature, and precip type

• Assess the minimum practicable temporal resolution for reporting a valid snow measurement

• Produce a comprehensive intercomparison dataset for validating remote sensing techniques

SPICE Participating Sites15 countries hosting a total of 20 field sites;

▪Australia, Chile, Canada, Finland, France, Italy (Nepal), Japan, Korea, Norway, New Zealand, Russia, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, USA.

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Site locations:

10 Alpine1 Arctic6 Continental3 Coastal

Belfort Instrument Company36000-1DDH

MPS SystemsTRwS204

Meteoservis v.o.sMRW500

GEONOR AST-200B3(600 mm)

GEONOR AST-200BM3(1500mm)

OTT Hydromet GmbHPluvio2 200cm2

Snow Hydro Limited All-Weather

Precipitation Gauge -NOAH II

NIMH BulgariaSutron TPG-0001

Participating Instruments: Weighing Gauges

CAE S. p. A PMB25R

Meteoservis v.o.s & ZAMG MR3H-FC

Environmental Measurements Ltd.

UPG1000

Snow Hydro Limited TB3

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KG

Precipitation Transmitter

Hydrological Services America

TBH/TBH-LP

MTX s.r.lFAK015AA

Participating Instruments: Heated Tipping Buckets

OTT Hydromet GmbHPARSIVEL2

Campbell Scientific PWS100

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KGLaser Precipitation Monitor

Droplet Measurement TechnologiesMeteorological Particle Sensor

Non-Catchment type Instruments

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Vaisala PWD33

YES Hot Plate

Campbell Scientific

SR50ATH-316SS

Felix Technologies

SL300

Hydrological Services America:Sommer GmbH & Co KG

USH-8

ESW GmbH

Jenoptik

Snow Water Equivalent

Campbell ScientificCS725

Snow Depth and SWE Instruments

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– October-6-16

SPICE Update

• Official field intercomparisons ended September 2015 (end with the Southern Hemisphere Winter

• Most sites continued SPICE measurements over the 2015/2016 Winter

• Many sites (including Bratt’s Lake, Caribou Creek, and CARE) will continue to operate reference gauges and test sensors for national and international interests

• Penultimate version of the Instrument Performance Reports (IPRs) have been delivered to the manufacturers for feedback

• Final results presented at the WMO-CIMO Technical Conference (TECO) in Madrid (Sept 27-30, 2016)

• Draft of SPICE Final Report 90% complete, final version by the end of this year

• EGU TC/HESS/AMT SPICE Special Issue open ntil June-2017

Caribou Creek, DFIR and BUSH gauges

– October-6-16

Caribou Creek Reference Intercomparisons

– October-6-16

SPICE SWE Intercomparison

– October-6-16

SPICE Universal Transfer Functions

• SPICE transfer function analysis by John Kochendorfer(NOAA), to be published in the SPICE Special Edition

• Combined data from CARE (CAN), Haukelister (NOR), Caribou Creek (CAN), Formigal (SPA), Marshall (USA), and Bratt’s Lake (CAN)

• Pluvio2 and Geonor, preliminary analysis suggesting no difference between the two gauges

• Unshielded (UN) and Single Alter (SA)• 30 min accumulations > 0.25 mm (measured by the

reference)• Transfer functions for both wind speed at gauge height

(WSgh) and 10 m (WS10m)

– October-6-16

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 𝒆𝒆−𝒂𝒂 𝑼𝑼 𝟏𝟏 − 𝒕𝒕𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕−𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃 𝑻𝑻𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 +𝒄𝒄

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = (𝒂𝒂)𝒆𝒆−𝒃𝒃 𝑼𝑼 +𝒄𝒄


(Eq. 1)

(Eq. 2)

Equation 1: Temperature dependency (Tair), wind speed (U) for both at gauge height and at 10 m, coefficients a, b, and c fit to the data

Equation 2: No temperature dependency but coefficients a, b, and c fit to the data for specific precipitation types (mixed and solid) using Tair .

Snow at Tair < -2C

– October-6-16


𝐄𝐄𝐄𝐄 𝟏𝟏: 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 𝒆𝒆−𝒂𝒂 𝑼𝑼 𝟏𝟏 − 𝒕𝒕𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕−𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃 𝑻𝑻𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 +𝒄𝒄

𝐄𝐄𝐄𝐄 𝟐𝟐: 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = (𝒂𝒂)𝒆𝒆−𝒃𝒃 𝑼𝑼 +𝒄𝒄

– October-6-16

SPICE Eq 1 and Brattt’s Lake Historical

– October-6-16

90% of the surface loading response is within a radius of ~10 x depth of the well

Conceptual Sketch of Geological Weighing Lysimeter Installation

Pressure Transducert

p> tens of meters

Duck Lake Geolysimeter

– October-6-16

Next Steps

• Precipitation data collection has continued post-SPICE

• Adjust post-SPICE precipitation measured by gauge configurations under test at Caribou Creek, Bratt’s Lake, CARE, and Duck Lake using SPICE transfer functions: Eq 1, Eq 2, and historical curves At various time scales (30 min, 1 hour, 6 hour, daily) Using both WSgh and WS10m Compare adjusted data with the reference measurements to

determine adjustment efficacy

• Apply transfer functions to other sites and to the MSC archive

• Continue intercomparing new gauge/shield configurations

Update on SPICE and C- · PDF filePluvio2 200cm2. Snow Hydro Limited . ... Precipitation Gauge...

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