Margaret Sheppard Lead Environmental Protection SpecialistSNAP ProgramOffice of Atmospheric ProgramsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Update from EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program

Parts Cleaning ConferenceApril 3, 2019

Overview of Presentation

Recovery of the ozone layer Background on the Significant New Alternatives Policy

(SNAP) program SNAP update 2015 rule and upcoming proposed rule SNAP website Acceptable cleaners and new cleaners under review

Recent information on nPB Other EPA actions that may affect solvent cleaning

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Recovery of the Ozone Layer

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NASA has verified reductions in atmospheric chlorine and increases in ozone layer thickness

Ozone layer expected to return to pre-1980 levels in mid-latitudes and Arctic by middle of century

Latest information in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2018 Report: https://ozone.unep.org/science/assessment/sap

Source: NASA Ozone Watch

https://ozone.unep.org/science/assessment/sap

SNAP Program Background

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Section 612 of the Clean Air Act directs EPA to evaluate and list substitutes for ozone-depleting substances that reduce overall risk to human health and the environment• Substitutes are compared to other available options for the same

use

Substitutes include:• Alternative chemicals (e.g., trans-dichloroethylene)• Alternative manufacturing processes (e.g., no-clean)• Product replacement (e.g., aqueous cleaners)

SNAP has reviewed more than 450 alternatives since 1994

• Acceptable - those that reduce overall risk to human health & environment• Acceptable with use restrictions - if needed to ensure safe use• Unacceptable

Evaluates alternatives & lists alternatives as:

• Aerosols; Foams; Refrigeration and A/C; Solvents; Fire Suppression; Adhesives, Coatings, Inks, etc.

Sectors include:

• Ozone Depletion Potential• Global Warming Potential• Flammability• Toxicity

Considers:

• Local Air Quality• Ecosystem Effects• Occupational & Consumer

Health/Safety35

Status of 2015 Rule on HFCs

In July 2015, EPA published a final rule which changed the listings from acceptable to unacceptable for a number of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in the aerosols, foam blowing, and refrigeration and air conditioning sectors D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the 2015 Rule “to the

extent it requires manufacturers to replace HFCs” and remanded to EPA

EPA is developing a proposed rule to be issued this year to respond to the court’s ruling

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SNAP Websitewww.epa.gov/snap

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Acceptable Cleaners

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Aqueous cleaners Benzotrifluorides Chlorinated solvents Hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs)

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene

HFCs Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs)

HFE-64-13 (7300) Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)

HFO-1336mzz(Z) Methoxytridecafluoroheptene

isomers (MPHE)

Mini-Max Cleaner Monochlorotoluenes nPB/1-BP Perfluorobutyl iodide Semi-aqueous cleaners “Straight” organic solvent

cleaning Hydrocarbons, terpenes,

oxygenated solvents, etc. Supercritical fluids Vanishing oils Volatile methyl siloxanes

New cleaners under review—an HFE and multiple HCFOs

Recent Information on nPB

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed Draft Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to 1-Bromopropane (2016)

• Provides summary of literature on nPB’s health effects, strategies for reducing exposure in workplace

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) issued final Toxicological Profile for 1-Bromopropane (2017)

• https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/TP.asp?id=1471&tid=285

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) issued monograph classifying nPB as “probably carcinogenic to humans” (2018)

• https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono115-01.pdf

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/TP.asp?id=1471&tid=285https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono115-01.pdf

TSCA Risk Evaluations

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Amended TSCA requires EPA to assess risks of existing chemicals and address unreasonable risks

Six of first ten chemicals for review are solvents • 1-bromopropane (nPB), carbon tetrachloride, methylene

chloride, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene (TCE)o Contact for nPB, methylene chloride, NMP:

corado.ana@epa.gov (202) 564-0140o Contact for TCE:

krasnic.toni@epa.gov (202) 564-0984

• https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-evaluations-existing-chemicals-under-tsca#ten

• Risk evaluations due by end of 2019

mailto:corado.ana@epa.govmailto:krasnic.toni@epa.govhttps://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-evaluations-existing-chemicals-under-tsca#ten

TSCA Risk Evaluations, con’t

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EPA is prioritizing 40 chemicals to determine if they are high or low priority for risk evaluation • https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-

under-tsca/list-chemicals-undergoing-prioritization• Includes trans-1,2-dichloroethylene:

o Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0465 www.regulations.govo Request for comments and information by June 19, 2019o Contact: krasnic.toni@epa.gov (202) 564-0984

https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/list-chemicals-undergoing-prioritizationmailto:krasnic.toni@epa.gov

Other EPA actions that may affect cleaning

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Exclusion of HFO-1336mzz(Z) from the EPA’s regulatory definition of “volatile organic compounds”

• Link to list of excluded compounds:

https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b77fd17146a534c225c8557b5ed4a469&node=40:2.0.1.1.2.3.8.1&rgn=div8

• Link to interim guidance on requirements for a chemical to be excluded: https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/aqmguide/collection/cp2/20050913_70fr_54046-54051_interim_guidance_control_voc.pdf

• Contact: benromdhane.souad@epa.gov (919) 541-4359

https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b77fd17146a534c225c8557b5ed4a469&node=40:2.0.1.1.2.3.8.1&rgn=div8https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/aqmguide/collection/cp2/20050913_70fr_54046-54051_interim_guidance_control_voc.pdf

For more information

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SNAP Program web sites: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/substitutes-sector

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/regulations.html

Margaret Sheppard, SNAP team leader and solvent cleaning specialist Email: sheppard.margaret@epa.gov Tel: 202-343-9163

http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/substitutes-sectorhttp://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/regulations.htmlmailto:sheppard.margaret@epa.gov

Update from EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program�� Overview of PresentationRecovery of the Ozone LayerSNAP Program Background Slide Number 5Status of 2015 Rule on HFCsSNAP Website�www.epa.gov/snapSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Acceptable CleanersRecent Information on nPBTSCA Risk EvaluationsTSCA Risk Evaluations, con’t��Other EPA actions that may affect cleaningFor more information