Upcoming Issues for COP-11/MOP 1 ______________ M.J. Mace, FIELD ECBI Pre-COP Workshop to Strengthen...
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Transcript of Upcoming Issues for COP-11/MOP 1 ______________ M.J. Mace, FIELD ECBI Pre-COP Workshop to Strengthen...
Upcoming Issues for COP-11/MOP 1
______________
M.J. Mace, FIELDECBI Pre-COP Workshop to Strengthen Capacity of
LDC Negotiators to Negotiate and Implement
The UNFCC and Kyoto Protocol 24-25 November 2005
Casa de Mateo Montréal, Canada
2
Historic Session
• First Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol
• Adoption of decisions on Kyoto flexible mechanisms, including international emissions trading, CDM, JI, compliance system
• Initiation of a process for discussing future commitments to address climate change
3
Four Agendas
Under Article 15 of the KP, COP Subsidiary Bodies serve as KP Subsidiary Bodies.
• COP-11 (Convention issues)
• COP/MOP-1 (KP issues)
• SBSTA-23 (Convention and KP issues)
• SBI-23 (Convention and KP issues)
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Sunday
20
November
Monday
21
November
Tuesday
22
November
Wednesday
23
November
Thursday
24
November
Friday
25
November
Saturday
26
November
Expert Group on Technology Transfer 23, 24, 25 Nov.
CDM Executive Board 23, 24, 25 Nov.
Expert meeting on responsemeasures 23-24 Nov.
Consultative Group of Experts 24-25 Nov.
LDC Workshop Junior Negotiators
24-25 Nov.
Pre-COP Activities
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Sunday
27 November
Monday
28 November
Tuesday
29 November
Wednesday
30 November
Thursday
1 December
Friday
2 December
Saturday
3 December
Welcoming ceremony
SBSTA 23opens
SBI 23opens
SBSTA 23
SBI 23
COP 11plenary
COP 11 opens
COP/MOP 1opens
COP/MOP 1plenary
SBSTA 23
SBI 23
InformalGroups
InformalGroups
InformalGroups
G-77 & China
Week 1
Source: www.unfccc.int
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Sunday
4 December
Monday
5 December
Tuesday
6 December
Wednesday
7 December
Thursday
8 December
Friday
9 December
Opening ceremony
National statements
National statements
COP 11 decisions and
conclusionsand closing
COP/MOP 1 decisions and
conclusionsand closing
InformalGroups
SBSTA 23closes
SBI 23closes
Joint High-level Segment
Week 2
Source: www.unfccc.int
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COP Agenda
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A. COP will adopt draft decisions forwarded from SB-22, SB-23:
• Submission of 2nd and 3rd Nat Comms for NA1 Parties • Further Guidance for LDC Fund• Flexibility for Croatia under Article 4.6• Programme budget for 2006-2007• Draft conclusions on internal review of Secretariat• Research needs relating to the Convention• Adjustments under Article 5.2
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B. Certain COP agenda itemswill be referred to SBI and SBSTA
1. Development and transfer of technologies (SBSTA)2. Five-Year Work Programme on Adaptation (SBSTA)3. Scientific, technical and socio-economic aspects of
mitigation (SBSTA)4. Implementation of the Buenos Aires Programme of Work on
adaptation and response measures (1/CP.10) (SBI)5. Financial Mechanism - Special Climate Change Fund; Report
of the GEF (SBI)6. Matters Relating to LDCs (SBI)
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C. COP Issues for ‘appropriate action’
• National Communications from Annex I, NAI Countries– Annex I Party GHG inventories, trends– Non-Annex I Synthesis Reports from 122 First National
Communications
• Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries (COP, PNG agenda item)
• Adequacy of Commitments under Arts 4.2(a) and (b) (COP-4’s outstanding agenda item)
• Implications of establishment of new HCFC-22 facilities seeking CERs for destruction of HFC-23 (SBSTA)
• Special Report of the IPCC on carbon dioxide capture and storage (SBSTA)
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1. Technology Transfer• At COP-7, a technology transfer framework was agreed
with 5 elements: (1) technology needs; (2) technology information; (3) enabling environments; (4) capacity building; (5) mechanisms
• EGTT to prepare recommendations for enhancing this framework.
• EGTT itself will be reviewed at COP-12.• Outcomes of Seminar on development and transfer of
environmentally sound technologies for adaptation - held in Trinidad and Tobago in June 2005 – to be considered.
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2. Five Year Work Programme on Adaptation
• COP 10 requested SBSTA to develop structured 5-year programme of work on scientific, technical, and socio-economic aspects, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
• Negotiations began in May 2005• Heavily bracketed draft text produced • Informal Workshop held in Bonn October 17-19 • Secretariat prepared discussion paper (Working paper No. 1
(2005)) for the informal workshop • Decision expected at COP-11
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Significant issues
• Content and structure of work programme• Process for implementation of the WP and
modalities (Ad Hoc Group?)• Possible initial action areas, longer-term actions • Possible partners (e.g., WMO, FAO, UNDP, UNEP,
GCOS, GEOSS, CBD, IUCN, ISDR, development agencies)
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3. Scientific, technical and socio-economic aspects of mitigation
• Three in-session workshops have been held under this agenda item (SBSTA 20, 21, 22).
• Secretariat has prepared a report on the topics presented at these workshops, for discussion.
• Parties have submitted views on lessons learned from workshops and future steps under this agenda item.
• EU seeks a structured work programme on mitigation• SBSTA will report on its work at COP 11.
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4. Financial Mechanism• Special Climate Change Fund
– Negotiations on adaptation, tech transfer resolved; mitigation, econ. diversification negs continue - Draft text (FCCC/SBI/2005/10)
• Report of GEF to COP 11– how adaptation activities under decision 1/CP.10 have been
supported, and barriers, obstacles and opportunities presented under GEF, SPA, SCCF, LDCF, SGP; Resource Allocation Framework
• Matters relating to the implementation of decision 5/CP.8– Financial needs associated with developing country fulfilment of Convention
commitments– 3rd review of effectiveness of the financial mechanism
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COP/MOP-1 Agenda
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COP/MOP-1 Agenda1. Adoption of KP decisions – forwarded by COP to COP/MOP2. Report of CDM Executive Board3. Approval of Compliance System4. Adaptation Fund5. Election of members of
1. Compliance Committee2. JI Supervisory Committee3. CDM Executive Board
6. Future Actions – Art. 3.9 – consideration of commitments for subsequent periods
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1. Adoption of Package of Kyoto Decisions
Four ‘compendia’ of decisions for adoption by COP/MOP-1:
Add. 1 – Land use and land use change (inventory accounting)
Add. 2 – Articles 5, 7 and 8 (national systems for tracking emissions in Annex I Parties)
Add. 3 – Articles 6, 12 and 17 (flexible mechanisms)
Add. 4 – Modalities and procedures for CDM (incl. small scale CDM, afforestation, reforestation etc.)
• Compliance decision is not included within these groups• Decisions come from COP-7, COP-8, COP-9, COP-10
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COP 7 - Marrakech
Decision 15/CP.7 principles, nature and scope of all three mechanisms
Decision 16/CP.7 operational rules for joint implementation
Decision 17/CP.7 rules for CDM
Decision 18/CP.7 rules for international emissions trading
Decision 19/CP.7 basic rules for a system of national registries for assigned amounts and traded units
Decision 20/CP.7 guidelines for national systems for the estimation of emissions from sources and removals by sinks.
Decision 21/CP.7 good practice guidance for adjustments to national inventories
Decision 22/CP.7 supplemental information required under Article 7 of the Protocol for participation in emissions trading.
20
COP 8 – New Delhi
Decision 19/CP.8 UNFCCC guidelines for the technical review of greenhouse gas inventories from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention
Decision 20/CP.8 Revised uniform reporting format for activities implemented jointly under the pilot phase
Decision 21/CP.8 Guidance to the Executive Board of the CDM
Decision 22/CP.8 Additional sections to be incorporated in the guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7, and in the guidelines for the review of information under Article 8, of the Kyoto Protocol
Decision 24/CP.8 Technical standards for data exchange between registry systems under the Kyoto Protocol
21
COP 9 – Milan
Decision 13/CP.9 Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry in the preparation of national greenhouse gas inventories under the Convention
Decision 18/CP.9 Guidance to the Executive Board of the CDM
Decision 19/CP.9 Modalities and procedures for afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM in the first commitment period of the KP
Decision 20/CP.9 Technical guidance on methodologies for adjustments under Article 5.2 of the KP
Decision 21/CP.9 Issues relating to the implementation of Article 8 of the KP
22
COP 10 – Buenos Aires
Decision - /CP.10 Continuation of Activities implemented jointly under pilot phase
Decision - /CP.10 Guidance relating to the CDM
Decision - /CP.10 Incorporation procedures for afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM into guidelines under KP Articles 7 and 8
Decision -/CP.10 Simplified procedures for small-scale afforestation and reforestation activities under the CDM in first commitment period
Decision -/CP.10 Issues relating to registry systems under KP Article 7.4
Decision -/CP.10 Issues relating to the technical review of GHG inventories for Annex I Parties and implementation of KP Article 8
Decision -/CP.10 Standard electronic format for reporting KP units
23
2. Report of CDM Executive Board
COP/MOP-1 will – adopt decisions related to modalities for CDM
as part of the Add.3 compendium.– consider the report of the CDM Executive
Board, which may open the door to a discussion of how the CDM has been operating so far (potential to unravel the package of decisions).
– elect new members of CDM Executive Board
24
Significant CDM issues
• Governance, staffing, budget – Secure funding needed – Full-time Meth Panel Staff? Consultants?
• Methodologies– Consolidated methodologies reduce cost, workload v. new meth for
each project• Additionality tool
– Clarify role – voluntary or mandatory• CERs for HFC-3 reduction – new and existing HCFC-22
facilities – Perverse incentives – Montreal Protocol phase out of ODS– Massive number of CERs possible – low hanging fruit– Impacts on market price of CERs– Ideally who should fund reduction? CDM? GEF?
25
3. KP Compliance System
• COP/MOP-1 required to “approve” procedures and mechanisms to determine and address cases of non-compliance with KP
• At COP-7, procedures and mechanisms agreed (decision 24/CP.7)
• But legal form of adoption not agreed – Decision? Amendment? Other approach?)
26
4. Adaptation Fund• COP-7 agreed to establish an Adaptation Fund “to
finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes” in developing country Parties to KP
• AF to be financed through a 2% share of the proceeds of CDM project credits (certified emission reductions or CERs)
• COP/MOP-1 will be asked to elaborate modalities for operation of fund.
27
5. Post-2012 Issues
• Article 3.9 of KP: COP required to “initiate the consideration” of commitments for subsequent commitment periods “at least 7 years before the end of the first commitment period” [in 2005]– Article 3.9 anticipates binding commitments for Annex I Parties; – does not address future commitments for Non-Annex I Parties, or non-
Kyoto Parties (i.e, US, Australia)
• Issue: how to engage non-KP Parties in Post-2012 discussions? (Australia, US)?
• Mechanism for considering future commitments has not yet been agreed, and will be discussed at COP/MOP-1 (e.g. process, milestones, timeframes, Ad Hoc Group?)
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