Upcoming Deadlines

Final ExamWednesday, December 9th from 1500—1700

orWednesday, December 16th from 1215—1430

For full schedule, visit course website:ArtPhysics123.pbworks.com

For best viewing of demos, sit near the projector screen.

Final Exam

Final Exam will have of 10 short essay questions on material covered in lecture.Final exam counts for 50 points.

Sample Questions:

* What is the difference between stride and gait? How do they affect the walking speed?

* Describe how a scene would be lit using three point lighting.

Final Exam

Final exam is scheduled for:

Wednesday, December 16th

In this room from 1215—1430

You may take the final early on:

Wednesday, December 9th

In this room from 1500—1700

Extra Credit OpportunityVisit the Alexander Calder exhibition at the

San Jose Museum of Art.Exhibition runs through Dec. 13.Give me your ticket receipt for five points extra

credit.

Big Red, 1959

Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm

Admission: $5.00 for studentsLocation: 110 South Market St.,Next to Fairmont Hotel, downtown

SJ

Extra Credit Opportunity

Exhibition runs through Jan. 10.Give me your ticket receipt for

ten points extra credit.

Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm

Admission: $4.00 for studentsLocation: 655 Mission Street

San Francisco, California 94105Near Moscone Convention Center

Visit the Cartoon Art Museum in San Francisco to see “Once Upon a Dream: The Art of Sleeping Beauty.”

Extra Credit Opportunity

Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit.

Hours: Wednesday-Monday: 10a.m.-6p.m

Admission: $15.00 for studentsLocation: 104 Montgomery StreetInside The Presidio of San Francisco

Visit the Walt Disney Family Museum

Extra Credit Opportunity

Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit.

Hours: Tuesday-Sunday: 10a.m.-5p.m

Admission: $11.00 for studentsLocation: 3601 Lyon Street, SF

94123Next to Palace of Fine Arts complex

Visit the Exploratorium in San Francisco.

Assignments & Extra Credit

Created by Candace Downey

All Assignments and Extra Credit must be turned in by 5pm on Wednesday, December 16th

Special Campus EventAnimation Show of ShowsDecember 7th (Monday)At 7:30 PM

Morris Dailey Auditoriumin Tower HallFREE

Student Evaluation

Need a volunteer to distribute and collect student evaluations.

Volunteer should deposit the packet of completed forms in the mailbox at front door of the building (exit towards Tower Hall).

Evaluations

We’ll do this at the end of class.

Stereoscopic (3D)Images

Terminology: Steroscopic vs. 3D

The term “3D Animation” has been used for years to refer to computer animation created with programs (like Maya) that manipulate objects in 3D, though the rendered image is in 2D.

To avoid confusion, the term “Stereo 3D” is used.

Perception of DistanceVisually, we experience distance by:• Occultation (objects in front hide what’s

behind them)• Geometric Perspective (objects look smaller as

they get further away)• Atmospheric Perspective (distant objects are

hazy and bluish)• Lighting and shadows• Relative motion (as you move, nearby objects

shift more than distant objects)• Stereopsis (different view in each eye)

Occlusion

The simplest way that we perceive distance is by the fact that closer objects occlude (hide) objects behind them.

Even in this surreal painting we immediately see the boy as being closer to us than the woman because he partially blocks our view of her.

Detail from The Madonna of Port Lligat, Salvador Dali, 1950

Notice that the shadow tells us that he is hovering above her lap.

When occlusion is incorrect, we are very cognizant that something is wrong.

Distorted Occlusion

Carte Blanche, René Magritte (1965)

Manipulating Occultation

The image is disturbing but the reason isn’t immediately apparent.

Detail from Waterfall, M.C. Escher, 1961

This channel of water needs to be behind the lower part of the right tower.

This distortion is not accidental. The artist carefully designed the composition with this effect in mind.

Pre-15th Century Paintings

Mongol Ruler and consort enthroned, 14th century Road to Calvary, Martini, 1315

Occlusion but no sense of distance

Renaissance PaintingsScenes in these paintings have depth.

The Annunciation, Botticelli, 1489

Marriage of the Virgin, Raphael, 1504

Perspective

The difference is the introduction of visual perspective by Filippo Brunelleschi of Florence.

Objects in the distance look smaller as determined by geometric rules.

Florence, Italy

Geometric Perspective

We can check that the persons in the foreground and backgroundare the same height by drawing lines back to the horizon.

Horizon

SJSU Cafeteria Painting

This painting, in the University Room next to the Campus Copy Center, shows the Business Tower with the Art building on the right.

What’s wrong with it?

SJSU Cafeteria Painting

Horizon

Using geometric perspective, let’s see how tall the red-headed person must be as compared with the door of the Art building.

Pretty tall!

Distorted Perspective

Modern painters sometimes distort the perspective for dramatic effect.

Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, de Chirico, 1914

The two buildings converge to two different horizons. This feels weird and unnatural, which is what the artist intended (note the title of the painting).

Atmospheric PerspectiveObjects in the distance have a bluish, unsaturated color due to atmospheric scattering of blue light.

More effective for indicating great distances.

Relative Motion

Relative motion is a visual cue for depth that can only be used for animated images.

Objects far away move less distance in the visual plane than objects nearby.

Frame 717

Frame 718Cactus is close

Mesa is far

Mountains are very far

Parallax & Relative Motion

The blue object is farther away because it has a smaller parallax angle (at the apex of the triangle) than the red object.

))

MOTION

The closer red pillar moves further in the field of view.

Parallax & Stereopsis

Stereoscopic vision uses the same parallax effect, comparing the view as seen by the left and right eye.

))

Left Eye

Right Eye

Occlusion Revelation

Occlusion is a powerful visual cue for depth and stereoscopic vision can use it if one eye sees part of an object that the other eye cannot.

Left Eye

Right Eye

Parallax in Reflections

Stereoscopic parallax also occurs when two images are seen due to reflection.

Compare the position of Sun and top of lamp post in this photo.

Parallax in Reflections

Geometric perspective and law of reflection verify that the Sun is far behind the lamp post.

Horizon

Ground plane for base of lamppost

Anaglyph GlassesA simple way to present a separate view to each eye of the same image is to use filters of a color complement pair.

Blue/Yellow

Green/Magenta

Red/Cyan

R

Y

B G

M

C

Demo: Anaglyph GlassesLook at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror).

No filter

Magenta filter

Green filter

Anaglyph Images

House of Wax (1953)

Anaglyph Images

House of Wax (1953)Created from Red/Cyan image using a Hue shift in PhotoShop.

Negative Parallax

House of Wax (1953)

Foreground Image(Negative Parallax)

Background Image(Positive Parallax)

Objects can appear to come out of the screen and into the audience by use of negative parallax.

Red/Cyan Anaglyph

Red (Left)

Cyan (Right)The most common type of anaglyph glasses use red/cyan filters.

One disadvantage is that some displays (like TVs) do not have good spectral properties for the green LED, which causes cross-talk (e.g., the right image is seen by both eyes).

Green/Magenta Filters

Green (Right)

Magenta (Left)

The green/magenta combination is better for viewing stereo 3D movies on televisions.

Another option is blue/yellow, called Color Code 3D.

Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop

Steps for creating stereo 3D photos in PhotoShop:

1)Take a photo, move 3 inches to the right, take a second photo. Avoid having objects closer than a yard away from the camera and no moving objects!2)Open both images in PhotoShop. Hold the shift key and drag the right eye image on to left eye image.3)Rename the layers “Right Eye” and “Left Eye”; make sure the Right Eye layer is on top.4)Double click the Right Eye thumbnail to open Blending Window. In Advanced Blending uncheck the Red Channel for Red/Cyan glasses (or Green Channel for Green/Magenta glasses).

Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop

My mess

y office

My mess

y office

Extra Credit Opportunity

Create a stereo 3D image to receive 5 points extra credit.

You must appear in the image and there should be enough foreground and background elements so the image is noticeably stereoscopic.

Post both red/cyan and green/magenta versions of the image to your blog in an entry entitled "Stereo 3D Photo."

Instructions on how to create the image in Photoshop are also posted on course website.

Anaglyph Filming

Cameras

All stereoscopic films have to be produced using two cameras, one for each view.

Can either color the film during recording or by post-processing.In Autodesk Maya 2009, the stereo camera rig (S3D) allows users specify the interaxial and zero parallax values, and the camera shift is computed to produce the appropriate parallax.

AnaglyphProjection

Left Eye

Right Eye

+ =

Single Projector

Screen

Dual Projectors

OR

Linear Polarization

Transverse waves can be polarized.

The direction of the polarization is the direction of the amplitude of the oscillations.Polarizing filters take light with a random mix of polarizations and allow only one direction to pass.

Demo: Polarized Sunglasses

Reflected light from a horizontal surface is often polarized in the horizontal direction. For this reason your sunglasses may have filters to block horizontally polarized light.

Circular Polarization

Transverse waves can also be circularly polarized.

Linear Circular Left Right

Demo: Circular Polarized Glasses

Look at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror).

Circular Polarized Glasses

Un-polarizedLight

LinearPolarized

Light

CircularPolarized

Light

HorizontalPolarizer

Quarter-wave Plate

Unlike colored filters and linear polarizing filters, circular polarizing filters have a front and back side.

Can see out but not see back in.

Photographed with a mirror

Demo: Looking in Mirror

Put on stero 3D glasses, close one eye, look in mirror.

Filming for Polarized Projection

Cameras

Unlike color, the polarization of light is not recorded by film (neither regular film or digital recording).

Use two cameras to record the two views but polarization only used when projecting.

Old PolarizedProjection

Left Eye

Right Eye

Dual Projectors

Older systems used dual projectors and linear polarizing filters.

New PolarizedProjection

Left Eye

Right Eye

Digital projector is synchronized to an electronic polarizer. Interleave frames with alternating left and right circular polarizations.

Next frame seen by right eye.

Single projector

ChromaDepth

Another system for creating 3D images.

On a black background, red will appear closest, blue furthest, and the other colors will fall in-between according to their place in the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue).

Animation Physics Website

For more info, visit:

www.AnimationPhysics.com