Upcoming Deadlines

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Upcoming Deadlines Homework #9 Stop-motion character Animation Due Thursday, November 10 th (Next Thursday) 20 points (10 points if late); 20 point bonus to top 3 For full schedule, visit course website: ArtPhysics123.pbworks.com Pick up a clicker, find the right channel, and enter Student ID

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Upcoming Deadlines. Pick up a clicker, find the right channel, and enter Student ID. Homework #9 – Stop-motion character Animation Due Thursday, November 10 th ( Next Thursday ) 20 points (10 points if late); 20 point bonus to top 3 For full schedule, visit course website: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Upcoming Deadlines

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Upcoming Deadlines

Homework #9 – Stop-motion character AnimationDue Thursday, November 10th (Next Thursday)20 points (10 points if late); 20 point bonus to top 3

For full schedule, visit course website:ArtPhysics123.pbworks.com

Pick up a clicker, find the right channel, and enter Student ID

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Homework Assignment #9In this assignment you will

create a simple stop-motion animation of a moving character.

For your character, use a doll or stuffed animal that's easily posed.

You may even use an inanimate object, such as a table lamp, as long as you can animate it so that it looks like a character.

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Homework Assignment #9

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiEVdTQGGTM

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Homework Assignment #9Your animation should be composed of at least a

dozen different images but you can use the same photo in two or more frames to get timing right.

Try to make the motion of the character as realistic as possible so that your audience will momentarily forget that it's not actually alive.

In homework assignment #6 you created a stop-motion animation of an inanimate falling object; if you're not happy with how you produced your earlier animation then re-read that assignment for alternative ways of creating stop-motion.

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Homework Assignment #9You may work together with one or more

classmates to create a single animation for the team.

Clearly indicate the work done by each person, for example if different persons animate different characters or different scenes.

More is expected from a team effort; an animation created by a three person team should present three times as much work as a solo effort.

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Homework Assignment #9Post your animation clip to your blog in an entry

entitled "Stop-Motion Character Animation.“ Assignment due 8am on Thur., November

10th

20 points (if late, 10 points)The top three clips in the class, as selected by a

celebrity judge, will receive a bonus of 20 extra points.

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Extra Credit Opportunities• Attend the Star Party this Saturday. Telescope viewing,

talks and hands-on activities on Tower Lawn and Science 142

• Attend the “Technology of Animation” event, featuring guest speaker Jeffery Katzenberg, at the computer history museum in Mountain View. Registration is at the bottom. http://www.computerhistory.org/events/#technology-animation

• Attend any event at the San Francisco International Animation Festival (November 10-13).

Present proof of your attendance to any of these (receipt, photos, etc.) for 10 points of extra credit.

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Survey Question

Writing the term paper was:A) Rather enjoyable B) Somewhat enjoyableC) OK D) Somewhat painfulE) Rather painful

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Survey QuestionFor Dr. Kaufman, do you think

reading the term papers was:A)Rather enjoyable B)Somewhat enjoyableC)OK D)Somewhat painfulE)Rather painful

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Review QuestionAt which position do you exert the least weight on the ground?

A) StrideB) SquashC) Passing

PositionD)StretchE) Same weight

at all timesStride Stride StrideP.P.P.P.

Squash SquashStretch Stretch

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Force Plate Experiments

C) Passing Position

Can measure weight shift during walk cycle using force plates.

Body Weight

Stretch

PassingPosition

PassingPosition

Squash Stretch

Stride

Squash

Upward centrifugal force due to your motion lightens your weight.

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Review QuestionCompared with the walking speed of a 6 foot man, the walking speed of a 150 foot giant is…A) 25 times

slowerB) 5 times slowerC) About the

sameD)5 time fasterE) 25 times

fasterthan the man. Jason and the Argonauts

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Stride Time and Stride Length

Stride Time

Stride Length

Speed

x 2 x 4 x 2x 3 x 9 x 3x 4 x 16 x 4x 5 x 25 x 5x 10 x 100 x 10

The giant is x25 taller so each giant stride is x25 longer (in distance).

But the stride time for the giant is x5 more than the man’s stride.

So the giant’s speed is x5 faster than the man.

D) 5 times faster

Speed = ------------ TimeDistance

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Jason and the Argonauts (1963)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BaLKYlC07w

Notice how the timing of the giant’s walking gives the sense of his massive scale.

Although the gait his lumbering, the giant easily catches the running men.

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WalksPart II

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Ray HarryhausenRay Harryhausen, the master of stop-motion animation, created the special effects in many films from the 1940’s to the 1970’s

One of his best scenes in the skeleton battle in Jason and the Argonauts

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Skeleton Battle Scenehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gKD7qy98-E

Notice how the animated skeletons walk (conveniently, we see their pelvis and leg bones).

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Energy and Walking

We’re inherently lazy so many actions that we perform unconsciously while walking reduce energy expenditure.

So far we’ve examined walking from the point of view of forces.

An alternative approach is toexamine theenergy expendedin walking.

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Home Demo: Silly WalksTry walking around as John Cleese, who is the Minister of Silly Walks.

You will find that you use much more energy than normal walking.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqhlQfXUk7w

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Energy Budget (Inanimate)Moving objects have an energy budget.For inanimate objects, this budget is:

Kinetic Energy (K) – Energy due to their speedPotential Energy (P) – Energy due to their heightFriction Loss (F) – Energy lost due to friction forces

K = 0P = 100F = 0

K = 20P = 70F = 10

K = 40P = 40F = 20

Total Energy = 100

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Demo: Ball RacesMarbles start at equal height and race on

these rail tracks (almost no friction).Track B has a long dip in the center.

Winner? A) Ball A; B) Ball B; C) Near perfect tie.Hint: Kinetic energy + Potential energy stays constant.

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Demo: Ball RacesB) Ball B is the winner.

K = 0P = 100F = 0

K = 50P = 50F = 0

K = 50P = 50F = 0

K = 50P = 50F = 0

K = 50P = 50F = 0

K = 100P = 0F = 0

K = 50P = 50F = 0

Ball B has a high speed in the center section.

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Energy and Wile E. Coyote

The energy budget here is wrong because the rock, after rolling down hill, flies back up to a point higher than from where it started!

From Going, Going, Goshhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2j_n0sRXeU

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Energy Budget, BouncingK = 45P = 5F = 0

K = 50P = 0F = 0

K = 36P = 4F = 10

Kinetic EnergyPotential EnergyFriction Losses

Total Energy = 50

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Energy Budget, Sack DropK = 0P = 200F = 0

K = 0P = 0F = 200

K = ???P = 100F = 5

Kinetic EnergyPotential EnergyFriction Losses

Flour sack sitting on a shelf starts with potential energy.

After it settles, all the energy is lost to friction forces.

What is the kinetic energy when fallen half-way down?

A) ZeroB) 200C) 100D) 95E) 105

(Air resistance)

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Energy Budget, Sack DropK = 0P = 200F = 0

K = 0P = 0F = 200

K = 95P = 100F = 5

Kinetic EnergyPotential EnergyFriction Losses

D) 95

The total budget (K+P+F) has to equal 200.If there was no air resistance then the falling speed would be greater and K=100.

With more air resistance, the friction loss would be greater and kinetic energy less.

(Air resistance)

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Energy Budget (Animate)Animate objects can increase their

energy budget by doing work.Work Input (W) –

Energy added by doing work.K = 0P = 0F = 0W = +0

Kinetic EnergyPotential EnergyFriction LossesWork Input

K = 100P = 0F = 10W = +110

K = 300P = 0F = 20W = +320

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Energy Budget in Jumping

K = 0P = 50F = 0W = 0

K = 200P = 100F = 50W = +350

K = 120P = 175F = 55W = +350

K = 90P = 200F = 60W = +350Leg muscles

do work as you push off when jumping.

Slow down as you rise to apex so kinetic energy (K) goes down.

Most of the friction loss is during push but a little loss due to air resistance.

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Energy Budget in WalkingK = 100P = 100F = 60W = +60

K = 100P = 100F = 0W = +0

Walking takes work due to all the frictional losses.

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Simplified Walking ModelPelvis is a double-forked bar with spherical hip joints. Legs are straight bars without knees, ankles, or feet.

Center of gravity rises and falls as an inverted pendulum.

CG

CG

Passing Position

Passing Position

Stride

Stride

Passing Position

Walking Forward

We have to do work to raise the CG and much of that energy (30-40%) is lost to friction.

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Simplified Walking Model

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Pelvic RotationAs the passing leg swings forward, the hips swing around, rotating about the planted leg.

WithoutRotation

WithRotation

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Pelvic Rotation

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Pelvic Rotation & Center of GravityPelvic rotation keeps the center of gravity from dropping as far during the stride (keeping step length the same).

CGStride

Passing Position

Passing Position

Passing Position

Stride

CG

Walking is more efficient with pelvic rotation.

Path of Action ofCG with Rotation

Without Rotation

Walking Fo

rward

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Pelvic ListIn the passing position the pelvis drops slightly on the non-weight bearing side. This motion is called “pelvic list.”

Note that the knee has to bend to lift the foot, otherwise it would drag the ground.

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Pelvic List

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Pelvic List & Center of GravityPelvic list keeps the center of gravity from rising as much when the body passes over the weight-bearing leg, keeping the center of gravity on a flatter path of action.

CG

Stride

Passing Position

Passing Position

Passing Position

Stride

CG

Walking is more efficient with pelvic list.

Path of Action ofCG without List

With Pelvic List

Walking Fo

rward

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Knee Flexion of Weighted LegKnee flexes about 15 degrees immediately after heel strike and remains flexed until the center of gravity passes over the weight bearing leg.

Walking Fo

rward

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Knee Flexion of Weighted Leg

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Knee FlexionKnee flexion keeps the center of gravity from rising as much during the passing position.

Knee flexion also reduces the impact on the body at heel strike.

CG

Stride

Passing Position

Passing Position

Passing Position

Stride

CGPath of Action of CG without Flexion

With Flexion

Walking Fo

rward

Walking is more efficient with knee flexion.

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Heel and ToeThe heel and toes of the foot combine with knee flexion to reduce the rising and falling of the center of gravity.

Heel increases effective length of the leg

Flexion reduces the leg length

Toes increase

leg length

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Energy in Four-legged WalksHe

ight

x x x x x

Center of Gravity

Four-legged walking gait alternates passing position and stride between fore and hind legs to minimize energy required to lift the center of gravity.

The Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3545-3558 (2004)

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Next LectureLimbs and Joints

Homework 9 Stop Motion Animation #2

Due Thursday, November 10

Please turn off and return the clickers!