Unravelling the defence arsenal of the wild Solanum ... · Unravelling the defence arsenal of the...
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Unravelling the defence arsenal of
the wild Solanum dulcamara to
Phytophthora infestans
Laura Masini
SLU Alnarp
EAPR Pathology 2016
Dundee August 7th-11th
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Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of
potato late blight
Its success in promoting disease secretion of
effectors
- suppress immunity
- promote disease
www.apsnet.org
How to control P. infestans:
- Fungicides
Half of all fungicides used in Sweden are sprayed on potato which
is grown on only a few % of the cultivated land
- Breeding for new sources of resistance
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However, P. infestans can rapidly evolve
defence does not work any more.
Host plant Pathogen
Overall aim:
To find new ways to combat potato late blight
that are more durable over time.
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Solanum dulcamara
Bittersweet nightshade
- Wild relative of potato
- Perennial
- Common in Skåne (South Sweden)
- It is a host for P. infestans (Vetukuri, Masini et al., in prep.)
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Defence responses of S. dulcamara to P. infestans
Different S. dulcamara genotypes collected around Skåne show high degree
of variability in response to P. infestans (DLA)
7 days
R Rn Sn Ss
Abreha, Lankinen et al., (unpublished)
No symptoms
Resistant Late blight growth
Suceptible
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1) What are the phenotypic differences among the S.
dulcamara genotypes?
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- pathogen biomass
- callose deposition
2) Is S. dulcamara tolerant to P. infestans?
Objectives
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What is plant tolerance to disease?
Tolerance: ability of a plant to reduce the damage
caused by a pathogen on its fitness
A plant gets infected, but doesn’t die.
And maintains yield
or
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Why studying tolerance is important?
Tolerance saves the host from the pathogen’s harm
no selective pressure on the pathogen
lower/no evolution of the pathogen
more durable resistance
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How can you tell if a plant is tolerant?
vs
Plant fitness (yield)
By studying the relationship between:
Degree of Infection
More tolerant
Less tolerant
Degree of infection
Fitness
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Studying plant tolerance to P. infestans in S. dulcamara
• Three different S. dulcamara genotypes (selected from previous DLA)
• P. infestans isolate 88069 - 15000 and 30000 sporangia/ml
• Mock vs P. infestans spray-infected plants
• Disease quantification at 20 DPI using a disease scale (%, adapted from
quantification of P. infestans in the field)
• Fitness measurements (0 and 20 DPI):
- Number of branches
- Branch length
- Number of leaves
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S. dulcamara overcompensate in response to P. infestans
Tolerance
Degree of infection
Fitness
Overcompensation:
increase in fitness
following damage
Overcompensation
Disease vs main branch growth (0-20 DPI)
G20 (Sn on DLA)
G21 (Sn on DLA)
L2 (Rn on DLA)
Disease (%)
Δ le
ngt
h, l
on
gest
bra
nch
(cm
)
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What do we know about overcompensation?
Arabidopsis – Pseudomonas syringae
Kover and Schaal, PNAS 2002
Agrawal, Science 1998
Wild radish – Pieris rapae
Mostly studied in plant – pest (and herbivores) interactions
Involves:
- bud and meristem dormancy release
- carbon reallocation
- up-regulation of primary metabolism
Still lacking genetic basis for overcompensation
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Summary and outlook
S. dulcamara overcompensates in response to P. infestans
• More S. dulcamara genotypes on test
• Study of tolerance/overcompensation in the field to quantify yield
• Transcriptomics and metabolomics to gain insights into the
mechanism for tolerance/overcompensation
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Acknowledgements
SLU Alnarp – Resistance biology
Åsa Lankinen
Erik Andreasson
Laura Grenville-Briggs
Kibrom Abreha
Erik Alexandersson
Mia Mogren
Pia Ohlsson
Ramesh Vetukuri
Maja Brus
Svante Resjö
Marit Lenman
Malin Dörre
Erland Liljeroth
Lund University
Lars Råberg
Ingeborg Sörenssons fond
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S. dulcamara overcompensates in response to P. infestans
Mock
P. infestans
30000
sporangia/ml