(+) test

Elimination

5d Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, NH4+

1d 1M NaOH

1d 1M NH3

Confirmatory

a. [Cu2+] Cu2+ + xs NH3 deep blue comp b. [Fe3+] 5d Fe3+ + 2d 0.1M KSCN FeSCN2+ (blood red comp) 5d Fe3+ + 2d K4Fe(CN)6 KFe(III)Fe(II)(CN)6 (dark blue ppt) c. [Ca2+] 5d Ca2+ + 2d 0.1M (NH4)2C2O4 white ppt d. [Zn2+] 5d Zn2+ + 2d K3Fe(CN)6 KZn(II)Fe(III)(CN)6 (yellow ppt) + K4Fe(CN)6 K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 (white ppt) e. [NH4+]10d NH4+ (evap. dish) + 5d 1M NaOH red litmus blue

(-) test

Elimination

5d CO32-, PO43-, SO42-, I-, SCN-, Br-, NO3-

2d Ba(NO3)2, add more to ppt complete

if ppt, decant

if no ppt,

o 2d 1M HNO3

o 3d 0.1M Fe(NO3)3

o 5d toluene

o shake

o 1d 0.01M KMnO4

o 5d toluene

o shake

Confirmatory

a. [CO32-] 1M CH3COOH + CO32- (elimination) ppt dissolve w/ effervescence b. [PO43-] 1M CH3COOH + PO43- (elimination) ppt dissolves w/o effervescence c. [SO42-] 5d 1M CH3COOH + ppt SO42- (elimination) SO42- ppt of Ba undissolved d. [I-] pink toluene (elimination)

e. [SCN-] deep red aq. soln comp FeSCN2+ (elimination)

f. [Br-] yellow/orange toluene layer (elimination)

g. [NO3-] 5d NO3- (elimination) + 1d 6m H2SO4 + 3d FeSO4

tilt 60, 2d 18M H2SO4 slide, no shake

brown ring