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ISO 9001:2008 Certified 1

Prof. (Eng). Bernard W. Ikua (PhD, PE, MIEK)

College of Engineering and TechnologyJOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CHAIR ON TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN MANUFACTURING: EXPERIENCES

AND CHALLENGES

Outline

• Background (about RC, award, collaborating institution)

• Manufacturing Research Chair

• Coconut value chain

• Objectives

• Approach

• Achievements Outputs Expected

• Identified areas of research

RCThe manufacturing sector is key forindustrialization and economic development inAfrica

•Wealth creation•Job creation• Value addition•Import substitution•Standards of living

Manufacturing (consumer/capital

goods)

Development and Provision

of services

Wealth Creation

Innovation is paramount

environmentCompetitive

ProductivityQuality

Economics

Source: Economic Survey, KNBS (2016)

Kenya’s Key Sectors contributing to GDP (2011-2015)

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13.6

108.9

10.3

0

4

8

12

16

20

1994 2004 2013 2015

Co

on

trib

uti

on

of

Man

ufa

ctu

rin

g …

Source: KNBS 2016

• Transformation of raw materials into finishedgoods.

• Value addition to production of goods for useor sale using labour and machines, tools,chemical and biological processing, orformulation.

Agro-processing is one of the key subsectors in the manufacturing sector, contributing enormously to the nation’s GDP

Agro-processing still underdeveloped hence limited production of quality and competitive value added agricultural products

Poor performance of the manufacturing sector in Kenya has generally been attributed to:

– Low capital injection

– Use of obsolete technologies

– Inadequate raw materials

– Dumping of cheap imports, and

– High costs of production

Need homegrown solutions for themanufacturing sector by developingand/or disseminating technologicalinnovations relevant to the sector

Research Chair

Research chair

The goal of the Research Chair in manufacturingis to develop homegrown solutions for the agro-processing subsector by creating and/ordisseminating technological innovations relevantto the subsector.

The focus is to enhance quality and productivity forsmall and medium agro-based industries, throughmechanization and automation of processes for valueaddition of coconut products.

Leaves. Thatching. Animal Feed. Baskets Tooth pick

Inflorescence. Alcohol (Tembo). Wine. Sugar. Vinegar. Syrup. Jam

Stem. Wooden planks. Furniture. Floor Parquets. Paper. Carvings

Roots. Medicine. Varnish

Growing Point. Salad. Chutney. Prickle

Fruit•Husk•Shell•Tender water•Kernel•Oil etc

Source: J. Omung’ala

Various coconut products

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Meat

. Copra

. Oil

- Virgin Coco Oil

- For Cooking

- industrial use

. Animal feed

. Desiccated coconut

. Candies

. Chips

Husk

. Fibre, Geo textile

. Door mats

. Coco peat

. Fertilizer

Shell

. Bracelets

. Charcoal

. Activated carbon

. Mosquito coil

Water

. Health drink

. Vinegar

. Wine

Source: J. Omung’ala

Various coconut Products Focus of Research chair

• Fabrics and textiles• Food and beverages• Cosmetics and beauty products• Biomass energy and• Tooling and Machineries• Socio economic issues.

Project goal

To enhance competitiveness in themanufacturing of value added nut products,specifically coconut products for job creationand improved income

Conceptual framework

Stake holders consultation and Problem Identification

Research chair

Mac

hin

erie

s an

d t

oo

ling

Food products

Fabrics and

textiles

Cosmetics and beauty

products

Biomass energy

Quality products

Co

mp

etit

ive

man

ufa

ctu

rin

g se

cto

r

Coconut Value Addition C

apac

ity

bu

ildin

g

Project Objectives

1. Strengthen research capacity

2. Design, develop and commercialize

technologies and machineries for processing.

3. Enhance human and infrastructural capacity.

4. Increase business and employment opportunities

5. Create a platform for strengthening

collaborative linkages

• Innovative systems Approach

IP

Products /

services

Processes

Technology

Organization

Marketing

Business

Interdisciplinary in Nature

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Approach

• Identification of key players in sector

• Formation of interdisciplinary team

• Link with the players in the coconut value chain (farmers, processors, marketers, etc)

• Identification key challenges faced by the players

• Working out innovative solutions

COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS• JKUAT• KIRDI• MOI UNIVERSITY• NUTS AND OIL CROPS DIRECTORATE

– SME’s under the directorate

• Centurion Systems Limited•LIWA•AFFA•KEPSA•NMC, etc

Research Team

4/5/2018

Prof. J. T. Githaiga(Moi University)

Dr. W. Muturi

Dr. W. Waudo

Teddy Yawa(NOC)

B. W. Ikua

H. M. Ndiritu & P. Kihato

D. N. Sila

M. Obanda R. Kinyua & C. Ngamau

B. K. Kariuki

JKUAT

4/5/2018 JKUAT Research Chair 22

Other Institutions

Prof A. MayakaMultimedia University

Eng. Raymond Kahindi

NOC

Mr. Kelly MutongaKIRDI

Prof J. KanaliAgromachinery

DVC RPE

Research areas

• Machineries and tooling

• Social economics

• Energy/Biomass

• Textiles and fabrics

• Food and Beverages (new foods, quality, processing, etc)

• Beauty products and cosmetics

Meetings with players SMES

• Hazina waja muungano women group

• Budacho youth

• Cocos

• Barani

• Garana

• Zacharia & sons

• Kenstate etc

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Meetings with players SMES

Coconut fibre shade netsDecorticating equipment

Spinning equipment

Mat making

Meetings with players SMES

SME at Barani Damped Husks – environmental hazard

Making of virgin oilCoconut wood furniture

Makuti vending at Malindi Coconut wood furniture

Copra drier using coconut shells Desiccated coconut

Copra oil processingUse of coir in farming Grinding of char for

briquettes (Bundachoyouth)

Pyrolysis equipment (Budacho youth)

Beauty Products by Women Group (Kwale)

Mass production of copra oilCocopeat cleaning

Cocopeat compaction

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Coconut seedlings (Msambweni)

Key challenges identified

• Traditional approaches in processing

• Heavy reliant on manual and unsafe processes

• Need for backward and forward integration to value chain

• Lack on information on quality of products

• QC not considered a priority

• Need for mechanization of dehusking, pressing and filtration

• Packaging of products, etc

The Problem

• Low productivity and uncompetitive products as aresult of use of manual or semi-automated operations•Low product quality•Marketing and distribution of products•Up-scaling production and processing•Poorly developed markets•Lack of incentives to players in the coconut industry

Examples of equipment key to value addition

• Decorticator

• Coconut grater

• Briquetting

• Nut splitting

• Coir desalination

• Cocopeat compaction systems

• Oil expeller

• Gasifier

Expected Outputs

• New value added products• New equipment for coconut processing

developed• Equipment for research acquired• MSc and PhD students trained in the field of

coconut value chain, specifically specializing in coconut products, and processing machineries and tooling.

• Patents/ patent applications• Training of SMES

Expected Outcomes

• Enhanced capacity for research in the coconut value chain• Competitive and marketable value added coconut products• Increased knowledge and skills in coconut value addition• Increased employment and business opportunities within

the coconut subsector.• Growth in the nuts and oil crops subsector• Increased foreign exchange earnings• Increased wealth creation in the manufacturing sector• Growth in the SMEs and Cottage industries.• Faster technology transfer to MSEs

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Proposed PG Research Topics

1. Synthesis and Characterization of cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels as water reservoirs in agriculture

2. Dynamics of coco peat and utilization in Kenya

3. Development of cosmetic and beauty products from coconut extracts

4. Analysis of social economic determinants of coconut value addition process

Proposed PG Research Topics

5. Establishment of coconut based enterprises for value addition in coastal Kenya

6. Fibre extraction and characterization from green coconut husks waste for Industrial Application

7. Optimization of coconut husk decorticator through automation

8. Moisture control in copra drying for improvement of oil in small and medium enterprises

• You can choose to take up research within the RC theme