UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISONAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STATIONS

SAFETY MANUAL

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. GENERAL SAFETY POLICY 4

3. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON SMOKING POLICY 5

4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 6

5. ACCIDENT REPORTING POLICY 7

6. GENERAL SHOP SAFETY 9

7. EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS 12

8. ARS MAINTENANCE SHOP 15

9. CARPENTRY SHOP 17

10. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR POWER EQUIPMENT 19

11. PESTICIDE HANDLING AND APPLICATION 29

12. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM 35

13. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION GUIDELINES 39

14. HAZARD COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM 42

15. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROGRAM 45

16. MACHINE GUARDING PROGRAM 49

17. FEED MILL AND GRAIN STORAGE 53

18. ANHYDROUS AMMONIA 54

19. IRRIGATION SAFETY 55

20. GREENHOUSE SAFETY 56

21. FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM 58

22. LABORATORY SAFETY 62

23. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STAFF HANDLING OF LIVESTOCK

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24. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LOADING, TRANSPORTING AND UNLOADING CATTLE AND SWINE

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25. SAFETY TRAINING AND AWARENESS CHECKLIST 82

LIST OF APPENDICES 83

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University of Wisconsin-MadisonAgricultural Research Stations

Safety ManualRevised January 2007

1. INTRODUCTION

General personal safety requires alertness to hazard identification and the practice of safe actions. Safety consciousness and knowing the conditions of the work environment are important in preventing injury and harm.

All of us are responsible for safety. As employees, we have the responsibility to recognize the hazards, know the safety regulations and proper safety equipment to use and wear. As management, we are responsible for setting safety regulations and providing safety equipment and training.

This manual is a compilation of numerous safety topics and procedures. Some sections may only be relevant to several stations, whereas some will be applicable to all. New topics and procedures can and will need to be added in the future. This manual is intended to be a resource for Station Staff to assist them in training new and existing employees.

The original safety manual, issued in 1990, was a project of the West Madison and Arlington ARS Safety Committee. That manual was revised in 1996 to include some animal related safety concerns.

This revision is a joint effort of the current ARS Safety Committee with contributions from the UW Safety Department. Special recognition is due to: Jeff Breuer (Hancock), Matt Stasiak (Peninsular), Tom Wright (West Madison), and Karen Crosser (West Madison) for organizing, reviewing, typing and compiling the documents that comprise this handbook.

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2. GENERAL SAFETY POLICY

This manual contains safety policies, information, procedures, and rules for the University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural Research Stations. These safety procedures and guidelines are intended for Agricultural Research Stations (ARS) employees and for all university employees and students who are using ARS facilities.

Non-ARS university staff including faculty, academic staff, undergraduate and graduate students, limited term employees and any volunteers should be made aware of these policies and be expected to comply with these guidelines. Use of equipment will be subject to these rules regardless of their employing unit.

All ARS employees will be required to:

A. Have ongoing safety orientation and training.

B. Maintain and update training records by acknowledging training and by signing safety agreements as needed.

C. Follow the safety procedures as outlined in this manual.

D. Have periodic safety review sessions.

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3. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON SMOKING POLICY

The University of Wisconsin-Madison has adopted a SMOKE FREE policy. This policy supersedes individual safety policies that have been issued previously. The University policy states:

“Effective April 8, 1991, all buildings and vehicles, regardless of location, which are owned or leased by the University of Wisconsin-Madison, will be entirely smoke free.”

Although in some instances this does not apply to outside work, this policy is strongly encouraged for its safety implications. For further information, refer to the April 8, 1991 memorandum.

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4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Through the combined efforts of the individual Agricultural Research Stations and the University of Wisconsin-Madison Police Department, a comprehensive Emergency Response Plan (ERP) has been developed. The Emergency Response Plan for each agricultural research station should be included here.

Arlington Agricultural Research StationHeadquarters Office is located at:

N695 Hopkins Road, Arlington, WI. 53911608-846-3761.

The Arlington Agricultural Research Station ( AARS ) will utilize the UW Madison Police Department Emergency Response Plan as a template for each of the farm units by the appropriate managers.

Emergencies:

For a serious emergency, call 911. Provide first aid, secure or evacuate the area and alert supervisor(s).

The AARS is within the 911 Emergency Response Area for both Columbia and Dane Counties. Be prepared to give specific information to the 911 operator to include a description of the situation, exact location, and directions.

For all other emergencies, contact the site supervisor(s) and the station safety officer. Obtain help as needed.

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5. ACCIDENT REPORTING POLICY

A. If an employee is injured, first aid should be administered within the limits of the employees’ knowledge.

B. Determination should be made whether or not immediate emergency care is needed and the appropriate action taken. Call 911 if emergency care is required. The accident should be reported immediately to your supervisor.

C. In the case of a non-emergency situation, the supervisor should assess whether a physician should be seen, and if necessary, arrange for transportation.

D. The injured employee and his supervisor must complete specific accident/injury reports. The employee must complete Employee’s Work Injury and Illness Report (OSLP-1). The supervisor must complete the Employer’s First Report of Injury or Disease (WKC-12) and the Supervisor’s Accident Analysis and Prevention Report (WKC-SUP). These reports and additional instructions can be found at either of these locations:

http://www.ohr.wisc.edu/polproced/CPPP/CPPPtblcnts.htmlClassified Human Resources – Policies and Procedures for Classified Employees

http://www.bussvc.wisc.edu/ecbs/emp-forms-listing-page.pdfCALS Business Services – Employee Forms – Worker’s Compensation

The completed forms must be sent to the Agricultural Research Station office in Madison within 24 hours.

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Note: In the event of a fatality, the Employer’s First Report of Injury or Disease (WKC-12) form must be submitted immediately via FAX to the: Department of Workforce DevelopmentWorker’s Compensation Division201 E. Washington Ave. Rm. C100P.O. Box 7901Madison, WI 53707-7901Imaging Server FAX: 608-260-2503Telephone: 608-266-1340http://www.dwd.state.wi.us/wc/ Copies of these forms are included in this manual as references.

E. All persons, including temporary and part-time employees, are entitled to worker’s compensation benefits when injured “while performing services growing out of and incidental to employment.” All benefits are subject to worker’s compensation criteria.

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6. GENERAL SHOP SAFETY

The farm shop is usually one of the most utilized facilities on the Agricultural Research Station. The work performed here is often critical to the success of research projects and the general operation of the farm. Safe work practices are important and are to be used by every employee on every job. There is no substitute for common sense and safe work practices.

A. General Shop Safety Rules1. All employees will receive training on safe shop work

practices. This is to include accident reporting and emergency procedures.

2. Be aware of at least two escape routes from any work site in case of an emergency.

3. All employees should receive training on the proper operation of each shop tool.

4. Observe “No Smoking” policies. 5. Clothing: Dress properly for work. Avoid wearing loose

fitting clothing. Remove coats or jackets, jewelry and roll up loose sleeves. Long hair must be pinned back. It is advisable to wear a shop apron that is snuggly secured.

6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear the proper safety equipment for the work being done to include eye, hearing, hand, head, foot and respiratory protection equipment.

7. Be Considerate of Others: Be thoughtful and helpful of other employees. Be sure the work you are doing does not endanger someone else. Caution others if a safety rule is being disregarded.

8. Tool Selection: Select the proper size and type of tool for the job. Ensure tools are clean and in good working condition. Check for sharpness as appropriate.

9. Carrying Tools: Keep edged and pointed tools turned down and do not swing tools or raise tools over your head while carrying them. Carry only a few tools and other items at one time.

10. Using Tools: Hold the tool in the correct position while working. Test the sharpness of tools with a piece of paper or scrap wood. Make sure all safety guards are in place and are functioning properly before starting the job. Never leave

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a machine running while unattended. All equipment should be stopped and locked as appropriate for repairs. Report any broken or defective equipment to your supervisor.

11. Electric Power Tools: Make certain all electric power tools are properly grounded. Be aware of rain or other wet conditions.

12. Compressed Air: Do not use compressed air over 30 psi for cleaning equipment. Always wear eye protection.

13. Compressed Gas Cylinders: All compressed gas cylinders must be transported and stored in an upright position, secured with a latch or chain. Oxygen and fuel cylinders are to be stored separately, at least 20 feet apart.

14. Work Speed: Do not “rush”. A professional knows that a steady pace is the safest and will result in the best work.

15. Work Area Organization: Keep your project materials organized in the work area with the tools located near the center. Do not pile tools or materials over each other. Never allow pointed tools to extend past the edge of the work area. Close the vise with the handle turned down. Keep drawers and cabinet doors closed.

16. Shop Floor Safety: The shop floor should be kept free of all materials and debris. Keep normal traffic lanes and exits unobstructed at all times. Wipe up any liquid spills immediately.

17. Ensure there is adequate ventilation for jobs that involve fumes.

18. Material and Project Storage: Store and stack your project work carefully in the assigned areas. If overhead, make sure the material will not fall off. Straighten the storage rack as necessary after removing material.

19. Lifting: Protect your back muscles when lifting heavy objects. Learn to lift properly using your legs, not your back. Keep the load close to your body; do not twist or turn while lifting. Use equipment to safely lift large items or get someone to help you.

20. Fire Prevention: Use flammable liquids sparingly and in approved areas. Close cans of flammable liquids immediately after use. Be sure these materials are kept in the original labeled container. Dispose of oily shop rags and other combustible materials or store in an approved container. Learn where fire extinguishers are kept and how

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to properly use them. Keep fire extinguishers visible at all times, preventing equipment from blocking or hiding fire extinguishers. If a fire extinguisher is used, turn it in to be recharged or replaced immediately and notify your Supervisor.

21. Aisles, passageways and exits must be kept clear at all times. Make it your personal responsibility to know at least two escape routes from your work area to a place of safety.

22. Machines and equipment must not be left running while unattended. All machinery should be stopped and locked before making repairs. Defective equipment must be reported to your supervisor immediately. Don’t use it!

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7. EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

Employees may only operate equipment they have been trained and authorized to use by supervisory personnel. If you are not sure on the operation of any tractors or equipment, ask your supervisor for instructions.

A. General Rules1. Before operating any of the equipment, be sure you are

informed of all safety precautions. 2. Eye protection must be worn when required. 3. Hearing protection must be used when appropriate.4. All tractors, vehicles, and equipment should be checked for

any broken or unsafe parts before operating.5. Implements must be kept in the locked position or lowered

when not in use.6. Safety pins must be in place at all times on trailing

equipment. 7. Warning signs are on machines for the operator’s safety and

should be kept clean.8. Do not operate PTO equipment without all shields in place. 9. Loose or ragged clothing should not be worn around any

PTO equipment.10. When towing equipment, choose a large enough tow rope or

chain and secure it adequately. Bring tow line taut before applying power. People should stand clear of equipment being towed in case the tow line breaks.

B. Tractors and Vehicles1. No riders are permitted on tractors or equipment.2. Tractors and vehicles must be operated at safe and legal

speeds (5 mph in University of Wisconsin farmsteads).3. Be alert for electric wires or low objects when using hoists on

trucks or moving long or tall pieces of equipment such as grain elevators.

4. Use safety straps or chains to fasten lawn mowers or other equipment to trailers.

5. Avoid sharp uphill turns on a side slope.6. Travel no faster than 3 mph on a side slope.7. Do not suddenly apply brakes when rolling backwards on an

incline.12

C. Lawn Mower Operation

Safety instructions are important! Read all attachment and power unit manuals before operating equipment. Follow all safety rules and safety decal information. Failure to follow instructions or safety rules can result in serious injury or death. If you do not understand any part of the manuals, get assistance from supervisor or mechanics.1. Preparation

a. Always wear relatively tight and belted clothing to avoid getting caught in moving parts. Wear sturdy, rough-soled shoes and protective equipment for eyes, hair, hands, hearing, and head. Use filter mask where appropriate.

b. Make sure attachments are properly secured, adjusted and in good operating condition.

c. Make sure shields and guards are properly installed and in good condition. Replace if damaged.

d. Remove accumulated debris from equipment, power unit, and engine daily or when needed to avoid fire hazard. Let power unit cool before removing debris.

e. Frequently check blades. They should be sharp and free of nicks and cracks, and securely fastened. If maintenance is needed, get proper personnel to assist in repairs.

f. Inspect and clear area of stones, branches, or other hard objects that might be thrown, causing injury or damage.

g. Know your controls and how to stop engine and attachment quickly in an emergency.

2. Operationa. Keep bystanders away from equipment.b. Never allow riders on power unit or attachment. c. Never direct discharge toward people, animals, or

property.d. Keep hands, feet, hair and clothing away from

equipment while engine is running. Stay clear of all moving parts.

e. Do not operate PTO during transport.

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f. Look down and to the rear and make sure area is clear before operating in reverse.

g. Do not mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary.h. Do not operate on slopes greater than 15 degrees

(33% slope).i. Uneven terrain can cause the machine to overturn.j. Mow up and down slopes, not across.k. Use extreme care and reduce ground speed on slopes

and rough terrain.l. Watch for hidden hazards on the terrain during

operation.m. Watch for traffic when operating near or crossing

roadways.n. Stop power unit and equipment immediately upon

striking an obstruction. Turn off engine, remove key, inspect, and repair damage before resuming operation. Get assistance if unable to make repair.

3. Maintenancea. Before performing any service or maintenance, lower

attachment to the ground, shut down all engines, remove key, and disconnect battery ground cable (negative/black).

b. Block mower securely before working underneath.c. Do not work under elevated mower deck unless lockup

mechanism is in good condition and fully engaged as instructed. Replace if damaged.

d. Leak down or failure of mechanical or hydraulic systems can cause equipment to drop.

e. Check all fluid levels daily before operating power unit.f. Have supervisor and mechanics review all

maintenance needed and at what interval the maintenance is needed.

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8. ARS MAINTENANCE SHOP

Employees may only operate equipment they have been trained and authorized to use by supervisory personnel. In the shop, this includes all power tools, welders and gas torches.

A. Welding and Gas Torch Safety1. Welders and gas torches require instruction and

authorization before operation.2. Use a shield with proper filter to protect your eyes from

sparks and rays when welding or observing gas or arc welding.

3. Wear dry, hole-free gloves and flame resistant clothing to protect your skin from arc rays.

4. Avoid breathing fumes and gases produced by welding. Use exhaust and/or ventilation. Be particularly aware of fumes when welding on galvanized, lead or aluminum plated metals. The fumes can be toxic.

5. Do not weld in locations near degreasing, cleaning or spraying operations. This can cause a reaction to produce phosgene gas which is toxic.

6. Remove flammables from the work area or cover to exclude sparks or slag. Always have an appropriate fire extinguisher readily available when cutting or welding. Welding electrodes should not be placed on the floor when not in use as this can cause a fire hazard.

7. Always make sure you are insulated from the work and ground with dry insulating material.

8. Always provide a good electrical ground for the work or metal to be welded.

9. Never wrap the electrode cable around any part of your body or limbs.

10. Maintain all welding equipment in proper operating conditions. Replace any damaged insulation immediately.

11. Always keep gas cylinders in the upright position and secured to a fixed support or cart.

12. Make sure that regulators are attached properly and that proper pressures are used.

13. When transporting torches to the field, regulators should be removed and protective valve caps should be in place.

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14. Spare cylinders should be stored in an area away from welding and cutting operations or other sources of heat, sparks, or flame.

B. Floor Hoists1. Check all lift points to see if they are in the correct position.2. Use a case-hardened safety bar to positively lock the hoist in

the “Up” position.3. Do not leave the building with a car, truck or piece of

equipment hoisted in the air. 4. For your own safety, notify a co-worker or supervisor that

you will be working under a hoisted vehicle or piece of equipment.

C. Mechanic’s Tools1. Use of mechanic’s tools (wrenches, screwdrivers, etc.)

should be used according to station policy.2. At all times, tools should be used only as they are intended.

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9. CARPENTRY SHOP

General Policy - All employees must receive training and authorization before using any major power equipment. This must be done before first using the equipment.

A. General Rules1. Clothing: Dress properly for work. Remove coats, jackets,

and roll up loose sleeves. It is advisable to wear a shop apron that is snugly tied. Long hair must be pinned up. Remove jewelry such as watches, rings, bracelets, necklaces, and earrings.

2. Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses or a face shield when doing any operation that may endanger your eyes. Be sure you have enough light to see what you are doing without straining your eyes.

3. Clean Hands: Keep your hands clean and free of oil and grease.

4. Consideration of Others: Be thoughtful and helpful toward other employees in the shop. Be sure that the work you are doing does not endanger someone else. Caution other employees if they are violating a safety rule.

5. Tool Selection: Select the proper size and type of tool for your work. An expert never uses a tool unless it is sharp and in good condition. Inform your supervisor if tools are broken, have loose handles, or need adjustments.

6. Carrying Tools: Keep edged and pointed tools turned down and do not swing your arms or raise them over your head while carrying them. Carry only a few tools at one time unless they are in a special holder. Do not carry sharp tools in your pockets.

7. Clamping Stock: Whenever possible, mount the work in a vise, clamp, or special holder. This is especially important when using chisels, gouges or portable electric tools.

8. Using Tools: Hold a tool in the correct position while using it. Most edged tools should be held in both hands with the cutting motion away from yourself and other employees. Be careful when using your hand or fanlights as a guide to start a cut. Test the sharpness of tools with a strip of paper or a scrap of wood. Extra precautions should be taken when working with used lumber to avoid injury or damage due to

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nails, screws, or other hazardous items. Because of the danger of injury to the employee and damage to the machines, sawing or milling of used or old lumber may not be permitted. Check with your supervisor before beginning any work of this nature.

9. Working Speed: Do not “rush and tear” through your work. The good craftsman knows that a steady unhurried pace is safest and will produce the best work.

10. Bench Organization: Keep your project materials carefully organized on your bench with tools located near the center. Do not “pile” tools on top of each other. Never allow edged or pointed tools to extend out over the edge of the bench. Close your vise when it is not in use and see that the handle is turned down. Keep drawers and cabinet doors closed.

11. Floor Safety: The floor should be clear of scrap blocks and excessive litter. Keep projects, sawhorses and other equipment and materials you are using out of traffic lanes. Wipe up immediately any liquids spilled on the floor.

12. Material and Project Storage: Store and stack your project materials carefully in assigned areas. If the storage is overhead, be sure the material will not fall off. Straighten the lumber rack when you remove a board. Do not leave narrow strips protruding from the end of the storage rack, especially at or near eye level.

13. Lifting: Protect your back muscles when lifting heavy objects. Have someone help you and lift with your arm and leg muscles. Obtain assistance in moving long boards.

14. Fire Protection: Apply and handle finishing materials only in approved areas. Close cans of finishing materials and thinners immediately after use. Use flammable liquids in very small quantities. Be sure the container is labeled. Dispose of oily rags and other combustible materials immediately or store them in an approved container. Secure supervisor’s approval before you bring any flammable liquids into the shop.

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10. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR POWER EQUIPMENTA. General Rules

1. Always disconnect the cord from the power circuit whenever making adjustments, inspecting or servicing the tool.

2. Goggles or safety glasses must be worn.

3. Use only an unfrayed, approved, grounded 3-wire cord (and extension) and receptacle to guard against shock. Using an ungrounded electric tool could result in fatal electrical shock, especially if it is used while touching damp ground, concrete, or another electrical ground.

4. Clamp or hold the stock securely.

5. Use only sharp blades, drills and bits.

6. Always carry and lift the tools by the handle, never by the cord.

7. Store power tools in appropriate containers to protect them from dust, moisture, and damage.

8. Always disconnect the cord when the tool is not in active use.

9. If it becomes necessary to interrupt a machine operator, always approach him in front and wait until he recognizes you.

10. Avoid distracting operator’s attention while he is operating a machine. Do not visit with operator.

11. When fuses or cartridges are pulled and laid in the fuse box, it is a sign that the machine should not be used. Refer to Lockout/Tagout procedure.

12. Always stop your machine when you leave it — even for a moment.

B. Tool Safety Rules: Stationary and Portable Power and Hand Tools1. Always disconnect the electrical cord from the power circuit

before inspecting, servicing or adjusting any power tool.2. Use only UL approved grounded 3-wire power and extension

cords and receptacles to prevent electrical shock. Avoid

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contact with water and be very cautious of damp work conditions.

3. Always carry power hand tools by the handle, never by the cord.

4. Goggles or safety glasses must be worn while operating power tools.

5. Use sharp bits, blades, etc., that are in good working condition.

6. Always stop the equipment if you have to leave the work area — even for just a moment. Disconnect power tools when not in use.

7. Secure your work in a vise or with clamps whenever possible to prevent slippage.

8. Avoid distracting someone while operating power equipment. If it is absolutely necessary to interrupt an operator, cautiously approach the front of the operator and wait to be recognized.

9. Return hand power tools to the proper storage area when finished using. Clean off stationary power tools when done. Ensure the work area is clean and free of debris or other obstacles.

10. Pneumatic Tools: Inspect for serviceability, especially for leaks, before operating.

11. Use Lockout/Tagout procedures for equipment that requires repairs or servicing.

C. Radial Saw1. If you are not thoroughly familiar with the operating of radial

saws, obtain advice from your supervisor.2. Remove rings, watches and other jewelry. Roll up sleeves

and secure any loose clothing.3. Always wear safety glasses or a face shield.4. Keep saw blade sharp and free of all rust and wood pitch.5. Keep blade and arbor flanges free from dirt and grease.6. Be sure that all clamp handles are properly tightened before

operating machine.7. Guards should be in place and used at all times.8. Make sure material being cut is against the fence.9. For normal cutting, pull the blade through the material being

cross cut. However, if the material is extremely thick or hard, such as 3” or 4” lumber, or when cutting aluminum, it is often

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safer to hold the work against the fence and push the blade through the material.

10. When finished cross cutting, always return the cutting head to the rear of the track arm.

11. Never feed work into the anti-kickback end of the machine.12. Always turn off power and wait until saw blades stop turning

before adjusting or changing setups.13. After shutting off the power do not leave until the blade has

come to a complete stop.14. Before leaving the saw, make sure the work area is clean.15. Disconnect machine from power source when making

repairs or adjustments.

D. The Miter Box1. Always hold the work firmly against the fence.2. Guards should be in place and used at all times.3. Remove chips and pieces of scrap from table before using

machine.4. Be sure blade is sharp, free cutting and free from vibration.5. Allow the motor to come up to full speed before starting out.6. Release the trigger switch before applying the brake.7. IMPORTANT! Use the brake to bring the machine to a stop

before reaching out to pick up piece of work, piece of scrap, or anything else which is in or near the cutting path of the blade.

8. Use the brake to bring the machine to a stop before leaving the machine unattended.

E. Disc Sander1. Select correct grade of abrasive sheet.2. Table fence and guide must be correctly adjusted and tight.

The clearance between sanding disc and table or rest should not exceed 1/16”.

3. Sand only on the down stroke of disc.4. Do not hold small pieces in hand. They have a tendency to

rotate, causing the operator to be in danger of pulling fingers against the revolving disc. A few small pieces should be sanded by hand; for a large number, devise a jig to hold them securely.

5. If you must leave the sander before finishing the job, turn off power and wait until it comes to a complete stop.

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6. Stop sander to make adjustments. 7. Never touch a moving sanding disc.

F. Portable Power Sanders1. Select correct grade of abrasive.2. Check to be sure all adjustments are in place and tight.3. Belt sanders should be equipped with dust collectors.4. To avoid damage to equipment and/or injury, never place

any type of hand power sander on work bench while it is running.

G. Planer1. Before operating the planer, remove rings, watches, and

other jewelry and secure any loose clothing before beginning work.

2. It is safest to plane stock in long lengths (4 feet and longer). Lumber in lengths less than 3 inches should never be surfaced (planed) with the power driven planer.

3. Always work to the side of the stock being surfaced, never directly behind it.

4. The guard over the in-feed and out-feed rolls is there for your protection. Keep hands away from them.

5. Remember that if for any reason you want to look into the planer while it is running, you should go around to the back of the machine or step to either side of the planer. Make sure you are at a safe distance before you look. Do not stand in front of the machine because of the danger of loose knots or pieces being thrown to the front.

6. When surfacing short stock, feed one piece at a time and keep ends butted so that short lengths will be directly behind each other. Long lengths should be staggered or fed diagonally. Note: If the planer is equipped with sectional feed rolls, several narrow widths in long strips may be planed at the same time.

7. Stock less than two feet long should be fed straight into the planer, starting the stock at the center of the in-feed roll and at the center of the table.

8. Stock should never be allowed to pass through the planer if it has started to climb the side guides located at the other edges of the in-feed tables.

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9. No old or used lumber should be run through the planer. Foreign matter may be imbedded below the surface of the stock and may cause damage to the machine and injury to the operator.

10. Remove split and shattered ends of stock when surfacing lumber with power planer.

11. Cuts greater than 1/8” should not be removed from stock when surfacing lumber with power planer.

12. Do not allow other workers to stand directly in front of the planer you are operating.

H. Band Saw1. The saw guide must be adjusted within ½” of stock to be cut

before the power is turned on.2. Employees must not allow their fingers to come closer than 2

inches to saw blade when cutting stock.3. Employees must not expose or put their hands across the

saw cut line when operating the band saw. 4. Employees should stand to the side of the band saw, away

from the blade access doors or shields. Injury may result if the saw blade band should break.

5. To back saw out of a long cut, power should be turned off first and machine should be allowed to come to a dead stop. Use brake if needed.

6. Be sure the radius of your cutting is not too small for the width of the blade of the saw.

7. Cylindrical stock must never be cut on a band saw without the use of a proper vise capable of keeping cylindrical stop from spinning.

8. The guide must never be adjusted while the band saw is in operation.

9. Stock must not be cut on the band saw unless such material is firmly supported against downward thrust of the saw. Do not saw into the toe of a long bevel cut unless the toe is on the table.

10. If the band saw should break while machine is in operation, shut off the power and keep clear of the saw. Refer to Lockout/Tagout procedures.

I. Jointer

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1. Guard must be kept over knives at all times while jointer is being operated.

2. The depth of the cut must be adjusted before power is turned on.

3. A push stick must be used when jointing narrow or flat pieces of stock.

4. The jointer must not be used for strips less than 1” wide.5. The flat side of a piece of stock (over 6” wide) must not be

run over jointer without special permission from the supervisor.

6. The rear table of jointer is never to be changed by any employee.

7. All special setups on the jointer must be approved by your supervisor.

8. The end grain of pieces of wood less than 12” wide must never be over the jointer. Pieces 12” and wider can be successfully jointed against the end grain. In performing this operation, first run the end of the board onto the revolving blade for about 1”, then turn the board around and joint the end all the way across.

9. Check depth of cut before turning on the power.

J. Circular Saw1. The guard must be kept down over the saw while the

machine is being operated.2. The saw must NOT be raised above the table more than

absolutely necessary to make the cut — not more than ¼” above work.

3. A push stick must be used when ripping narrow pieces of lumber.

4. The clearance block must be fastened to the fence when cutting off short pieces of stock.

5. The fence must not be adjusted until saw is at a dead stop.6. Fingers must be kept clear of track and saw, and hands

never allowed to cross saw line in advance of the end of the board while machine is in operation.

7. All special setups and dado heads must be approved by your supervisor.

8. The dado head must be taken off the saw arbor after use.9. Employees must never attempt to use their fingers to clear

away scraps close to the saw blade. If it is necessary to

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move the scraps, they should be pushed away with a stick about 2’ long.

10. When helping to “tail-off” the saw, employees must never pull on a board being ripped. They should hold board up and allow operator to push stock through the saw.

11. Cylindrical stock must not be cut on circular saw.12. Employees must never lower pieces of stock down over the

saw. This operation is sometimes performed when cutting holes in rails for drawer fronts.

13. Ripping stock without using the ripping fence, or crosscutting stock without using the sliding crosscutting fence is extremely dangerous and absolutely forbidden. This rule applies also to dado head work.

14. Before turning on power, check to make sure that the fence or setup is in line of saw.

15. Before the power is turned on, be sure that saw on tilting arbor will clear on both sides when sawing angles.

K. Grinder and Wire Brushes1. Hearing protection is required.2. Goggles and shield should be shatterproof. 3. When using portable and stationary grinders, let them come

to full speed before attempting to use them. When doing this, stand to one side and shield the portable grinder from other employees. A bad wheel will break when it has reached maximum revolutions. New wheels should be run at least one (1) minute before using. Most defective wheels will break shortly after installation. Excessive vibrations indicate that something is wrong. Do NOT use this wheel until it has been properly dressed and all problems corrected.

4. Do not force the work against the wheel by exerting excessive pressure against it. The type of abrasive on the wheel dictates its cutting power.

5. Always grind away from other workers. The best policy is to grind towards a wall. When using portable grinder, anticipate where your sparks will travel.

6. Never grind on the side of the wheel. It is not designed for that.

7. Never jam tools or parts against the grinding wheel. Make a gradual contact exerting an even pressure.

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8. Do not use a grinder with a tool rest that is more than 1/8 of an inch away from the wheel.

9. When using portable grinders, do not set them down on the wheel. They should rest on the case or housing. If they are dropped, you should spin test them under a bench and away from other employees until they have reached maximum RPM.

10. Make sure portable grinders are grounded properly. 11. Make sure all guards and hoods are in place and tight.12. All grinding equipment should be inspected routinely by

qualified individuals.13. When an individual is grinding, all workers should stand

clear and allow for an ample safety area in which to work.14. Do not touch your face or eyes until your hands have been

cleaned to remove emery.

L. Drill Press1. Check drill press to see that the key, drifts, and wrenches

are all removed before starting machine. 2. Use clamp or a vise to hold your work. To prevent severe

injury, keep your fingers away from the bit.3. Keep hair, gloves, loose clothing away from all moving parts

of drill press.4. Keep tools sharp and clean for best and safest performance.

Follow instructions for lubricating and changing accessories.5. Remove chips and shavings with a brush or a piece of wood

—never use your hand.6. Keep floor around the machine absolutely free of scrap or

material of any kind.7. Clean up the floor around the drill press and use absorbent

material to pick up any excess oil.8. Avoid touching or talking to the operator.9. Set up the work and operate the machine in such a way that

drill will not injure vise or table.

M. Wood Lathe1. Change variable speeds with the motor running; make all

other adjustments with the power off.2. Guards should be in place and used at all times3. Make sure the tool rest height is adjusted properly.4. Keep tool rest as close to the work as possible.

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5. Remove the tool rest before sanding or polishing.6. Examine setup carefully before turning on power.7. Rotate work piece by hand to check clearance before

engaging power. 8. When turning between centers, make sure the tailstock

center is snug against the work piece and locked. Tailstock center should be lubricated if it is not a ball bearing center.

9. Make sure screw fasteners do not interfere with the turning tool at the finished dimension of the work piece when face plate turning.

10. Examine work piece for flaws and test glue joints before placing work piece in lathe.

11. When roughing off, do not jam tools into work piece or take too big a cut.

12. Make sure index pin is disengaged before starting the lathe.13. Disconnect lathe from power source when making repairs.14. Shut off power and clean the lathe before you leave it.15. Always operate machine at the prescribed speeds.

N. Air Compressor1. Check fluid levels before starting motor.2. Check to be sure no equipment will be in contact with

moving parts or against exhaust manifold.3. Make sure portable air compressor is out of gear before

starting motor. Allow motor to warm up before reengaging compressor. Note warning on hand placement on lever.

4. Bleed air tank of water at the end of every work day.5. Connect hose and insert wire in hole to prevent accidental

coupling separation.6. Oil hammer and/or insert oil in air hose for piston lubrication.7. Wear ear protection.8. Open air valve momentarily to clear hose before attaching to

hammer. Be careful not to direct air flow towards anyone or anything. 90 pounds pressure produces a dangerous situation.

9. When using hammer, allow hammer to do the work and lift hammer using your legs, not your back.

10. Upon completion of job or any time compressor is not in use for length of time — shut down and drain tank, reduce pressure.

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11. In the event there is a need to use the compressor in cold weather, the same steps are followed plus the use of a starting fluid may be necessary. Caution should be observed when using this volatile fuel as injury to the individual as well as damage to the motor can occur.

12. Use diesel fuel only.

O. Chain Saws and Cutoff Saws1. Face, hearing, and head protection must be used when

operating chain saws.2. Make downward cuts with the saw. Be careful of kickbacks

when cutting. Be sure of your footing and be aware of dangers on the ground and overhead.

3. Face and hearing protection must be used in operating cutoff saws. Do not operate in close areas with other employees present.

P. Hand Tools Safety Rules1. Select the proper size and type of tool for the job. Use the

tool as it is designed. Ensure tools are clean and in good working condition. Wear the proper safety equipment for the work being done.

2. Always be aware of sharp edges or points. Hold away from your body or other persons.

3. Secure your work in a vise or with clamps whenever possible to prevent slippage. Return hand tools to the proper storage area when finished using.

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11. PESTICIDE HANDLING AND APPLICATION

General Pesticide Policy – Below are procedures to be followed for the storage, handling, mixing, loading and application of pesticides. A pesticide coordinator, appointed by management, will oversee such tasks as inventory, record keeping and adherence to procedures set forth in this manual. It is strongly recommended that all ARS employees who mix, load and apply pesticides should have a Commercial Applicator certification and be licensed.

A. Storage and Handling1. Notify fire department where pesticide storage is located.2. Keep a “DANGER PESTICIDE STORAGE” sign posted.3. Keep pesticide storage building locked at all times.4. Keep temperatures at a minimum of 40°F in storage area

during the winter season.5. Store all pesticides off the floor.6. Do not store pesticides in farm shop.

B. Mixing and Loading1. READ ENTIRE LABEL CAREFULLY before using any

pesticide. 2. Before loading pesticide(s) in a sprayer, add water, and

check spray pattern. This will determine if any nozzles are plugged. Sprayers can then be calibrated prior to adding pesticides.

3. Use partial and old containers first and bring only amount needed for that load to the loading area.

4. After shaking containers, check the bottom to see that all solids are in suspension.

5. Mix only as much pesticide as you need.6. Triple rinse empty containers and pour rinsate into the

sprayer tank.7. Use a sharp knife on paper containers. Make containers

unusable prior to disposal.8. NEVER leave area while filling the sprayer tank. 9. Install an anti-siphoning device on the water supply hose

used for loading the sprayer.10. Hose should remain above level of mixture at all times.11. Keep containers low, below eye level, when pouring.12. Let the wind blow fumes away from you.

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13. When loading or using proprionic acid, wear coveralls, gloves, and a full face shield.

C. Application1. Carry chemical safety gloves and a toothbrush with you to

remove and unplug nozzles. Don’t use a wire to unplug a nozzle or blow through a nozzle with your mouth.

2. Use precalibrated rates, making sure the correct tip, speed, and pressure are maintained.

3. While spraying, check for plugged nozzles and keep speed slow enough so the booms are not bouncing.

4. Be aware of wind speed direction and nearby crops which may be sensitive to spray. If wind speeds reach 10mph, use extreme caution. If wind speeds reach 15mph, stop spraying!

5. If researchers or other people are working in the area, either spray at another time when workers are not present, or take extreme care that drift is minimized and away from workers.

6. Be aware of reentry or harvest times, and notify appropriate people.

7. Carry fresh water on sprayer for rinsing gloves and flushing system after spraying. Apply rinsate in the field on the labeled crop.

8. Always try to end the day with an empty sprayer. If the sprayer cannot be emptied, it should be stored in a locked building.

9. At least 24 hours before aerial applications are to be made, notify persons living immediately adjacent to the land that is to be sprayed.

10. Always make a point to wash your hands, arms and face with soap and water before eating, smoking, using the toilet or after accidental contamination.

11. After application, record on furnished sheets:a. day and time of applicationb. pesticide appliedc. rate applied and volume of materiald. field identification numbere. department applied forf. who applied the pesticide

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D. Protective Equipment1. Proper protective equipment must be worn when mixing,

loading, and applying pesticides. The proper equipment for a pesticide can be determined by the “signal word” on the label. This indicates the proper protective equipment to wear. The following equipment is required:a. “Caution”

(1) Goggles – chemical resistant with indirect vent(2) Long sleeved shirt and pants(3) Chemical resistant apron(4) Nitrile gloves(5) Rubber or latex boot covers

b. “Warning” or “Danger”(1) Goggles – chemical resistant with indirect vent(2) TYVEX coveralls – one piece(3) Chemical-resistant hood or wide brimmed hat(4) Nitrile or neoprene gloves(5) Rubber or latex boot covers(6) Respirator

When spraying with any open tractor, the applicator must also wear a TYVEX one piece coverall with the hood in place!

E. First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning1. Specific first aid treatment varies according to the type of

exposure. You should become thoroughly familiar with all of the appropriate procedures. They should be learned; you probably won’t have the time or opportunity to look them up if you ever need them.

2. Dermal Exposurea. Remove contaminated clothing.b. Drench skin with water.c. Wash skin, hair, and fingernails thoroughly with soap

and water.d. Rinse thoroughly and wash again.e. Dry and wrap in a blanket.f. Where chemical burns of the skin have occurred, cover

area loosely with a clean, soft cloth. Avoid the use of ointments, greases, powders, and other medications.

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3. Inhalation Exposurea. Get fresh air immediately!b. If you’re with someone who has been poisoned, carry

(don’t walk) the victim to fresh air immediately.c. Do not attempt to rescue someone who has been

poisoned in an enclosed area if you don’t have the proper respiratory equipment.

d. Loosen all tight clothing.e. If breathing has stopped or is irregular, give artificial

respiration.f. Victim should remain as quiet as possible.g. Prevent chilling; wrap in blankets but don’t overheat.h. If victim is convulsing, watch for breathing irregularities

and protect the victim’s head from striking the floor or wall. Keep the victim’s chin up so that the air passage will remain free for breathing.

i. Do not give any liquids to the victim, conscious or unconscious.

4. Eye Exposurea. Hold eyelids open and wash eyes with a gentle stream

of clean running water. Use large amounts of water. Do so immediately; delay of even a few seconds greatly increases the possibility of injury. Continue washing for 15 minutes or more.

b. Do not use medications in the wash water; use pure water or prepared sterile isotonic eye washing solutions.

5. Oral Exposurea. If a pesticide has gotten into your mouth, but has not

been swallowed, rinse your mouth with large amounts of water.

b. If the pesticide has been swallowed, the most important consideration is whether or not to induce vomiting; the decision must be made quickly and correctly. Where specific instructions are given, always follow label directions. Beyond that, never induce vomiting if:(1) the victim is unconscious or is having

convulsions

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(2) the pesticide is corrosive – a corrosive substance is any material, such as a strong acid or alkali (base), which causes chemical destruction of living tissue. (The victim will complain of severe mouth and throat burns.)

c. Do not spend a lot of time attempting to induce vomiting; get to a hospital as soon as possible. When the label identifies specific antidotes, this information is intended for use by a doctor. Antidotes should not be administered except under the direction of a physician or other medical personnel. Taken improperly, antidotes can be more harmful than the pesticide itself. Take chemical container and label with you to the hospital.

d. In attempting to induce vomiting, it is important to use safe and effective procedures. Vomiting should be induced with two tablespoons (one ounce) of syrup of Ipecac and two glasses of water for an adult, OR one tablespoon (one half ounce) of Ipecac and one glass of water for a child. If Ipecac is not available, induce vomiting by drinking 1 or 2 glasses of water and then touching the back of the throat with your finger. Salt water should NOT be used to induce vomiting. Victim should be lying face down or kneeling forward while retching or vomiting, thus preventing vomit from entering the lungs and causing further damage. Collect some of the vomit for the doctor; it may be needed for chemical tests.

6. Shocka. Sometimes poisoning victims go into shock. If

untreated or ignored, the victim can die from shock even if the poisoning injuries might not be fatal. Signs and symptoms of shock include pale, moist, cold, and clammy skin.

b. Breathing may be shallow, irregular, very fast or very slow.

c. The pulse may be very weak, rapid, slow and irregular.d. Unless you suspect a head or neck injury, keep the

victim flat on their back and elevate legs 1 to 1-1/2 feet above the head.

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e. Keep the victim warm enough to prevent shivering. Do not overheat.

f. Keep the victim quiet and give reassurance often.g. Never try to give anything by mouth to an unconscious

victim. The most important first aid is to activate the EMS system and transport the individual to a hospital.

h. Call 911 or the Poison Control Center at UW-Madison Hospital at 608/262-3702

i. A 24-hour Poison Control Center can also be reached at 1-800-222-1222

F. RBC Cholinesterase Testing Guidelines1. Personnel with potential exposure to organophosphates or

carbamates as part of their pesticide application assignments may obtain an RBC cholinesterase test at no charge. A baseline test should be obtained prior to the pesticide application season to compare to future test results. Only those who work with organophosphates or carbamates should be tested. Test results require consideration of many factors in order to be properly interpreted; only a physician should interpret these results. Periodic testing should occur after a baseline test has been obtained. Periodic testing should occur after an employee has regularly handled organophosphates or carbamates during a 30-day period, or as determined by a physician or an occupational health officer.

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12. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM

A. Introduction

The Confined Space Entry Program is designed to prevent worker exposure to dangerous air contamination and oxygen deficiency or enrichment within confined spaces, which may include sewers, pits, boilers, silos, tanks, bins, and compartments. The goal is to minimize the hazard of confined spaces through the use of engineering and administrative controls such as ventilation, flushing, and eliminating or minimizing time in confined spaces. Other means rather than entry will be utilized when feasible. All confined spaces will be appropriately labeled in the work place with a warning against unauthorized entry.

B. Program Coordinator

The responsibility and authority for the confined space entry program is assigned to the site superintendent or an assistant superintendent. The responsibilities include identification of confined spaces (Appendix A), development of standard operating procedures, implementation of and training in confined space safety procedures.

The Program Coordinator or designee shall check periodically to assure that all identified confined spaces are properly labeled, and that none of the original labels have been defaced.

C. Entry Notification System

Notification must be given to a supervisor and/or the Program Coordinator for each entry into a confined space. Notification should be documented and records stored. All confined spaces will be appropriately labeled in the work place. Any entrance into a confined space requires supervisor and/or the Program Coordinator notification.

D. Atmospheric Testing

The Program Coordinator will make available necessary monitoring equipment. Calibration forms will be kept with the

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instruments and routine calibration is recommended every six months.

Prior to entry, entrant will perform atmospheric testing. If needed, ventilation equipment will be chosen which can provide the cubic feet per minute (CFM) of required ventilation.

The following are examples of forms for use in record keeping:

VENTILATION EQUIPMENTMake:Model:CFM Output:Storage Location:

E. Pre-Entry Procedures1. Notify supervisor and/or the Program Coordinator prior to

entry. 2. Verify calibration of atmospheric monitoring equipment

before use. Calibration documentation should be available and stored with the instrument.

3. Ventilate space, when available, for 15-30 minutes prior to entry. Mechanical ventilation (blower) shall be used wherever feasible to augment natural ventilation.

ATMOSPHERIC TESTING EQUIPMENTMake:Model:Serial #:Regular Calibration Date: (recommended every six months)

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4. Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry (see ARS Lockout/Tagout Program).

5. Have appropriate PPE available.6. Test confined space atmosphere prior to entry at face of

opening and again inside opening using a probe or rope to lower meter into space.

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F. Entry Procedures1. Notification must be made to supervisor and/or the Program

Coordinator prior to entry.2. Continuous air monitoring shall be performed for:

a. Combustible Gases (measured against 10% LFL/LEL;

b. Oxygen enrichment condition/equipment requires oxygen monitoring to ensure O2 does not exceed 23%.

c. Oxygen deficiency condition/equipment requires oxygen monitoring to ensure O2 does not fall below 19.5%.

d. Hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide or any other hazardous substance that may exist in the confined space.

3. Eliminate or control the atmospheric hazards of the space before entry (ventilate 15-30 minutes prior to entry).

4. Monitor entry conditions.5. Grounding or Ground Fault Interrupters (GFI) shall be used

when available.6. Utilize appropriate PPE.7. Utilize proper fall protection equipment if space requires

vertical entry.8. An attendant/standby employee shall be posted outside the

confined space if space is considered hazardous. Attendant will maintain visual or verbal contact with the worker AT ALL TIMES. Any trained attendant will be instructed NOT TO ENTER the space under any circumstances.

9. Anyone who enters a confined space shall exit space immediately if atmospheric air monitoring device signals an alarm.

10. Notification shall be made to supervisor and/or the Program Coordinator once the individual has exited the confined space.

G. Rescue Procedures1. Attendant/standby employee shall be familiar with the

confined space hazards, be alert for changing conditions, know how to summon assistance immediately, and know how to use emergency rescue equipment. Attendant may take all emergency action short of entering space.

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2. Attendant/standby employee shall sound an alarm, use a two-way radio, telephone, or other means of summoning emergency assistance. In addition, the site supervisor should be notified as soon as possible.

3. The Rescuer shall be the local Emergency Response Team.4. The site supervisor will arrange for the Rescuer to be met

and escorted to the confined space.

H. Training

All appropriate employees will be trained in the definition and recognition of confined spaces, their hazards, and rescue proce-dures. Initial training will be scheduled at the request of the Program Coordinator. Re-training will be scheduled whenever personnel changes, process or product changes, or confined space changes occur, or the program review indicates inadequacies. Refresher training will be conducted on an annual basis.

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13. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION GUIDELINES

A. Introduction

The University of Wisconsin strives to engineer overexposures to dangerous airborne materials out of the workplace. When this is not possible, respiratory protection may be required to keep air contaminants below their permissible exposure limits. Use of respirators is based on hazard and risk assessments that include identification of hazardous materials, reviewing work processes, and exposure monitoring. Resources such as MSDS and container labels can assist in identifying hazardous materials. Reviewing work processes determines where respirator use is needed. The most common situation where respirator use is required is in pesticide application.

B. The First Step-Medical Clearance to Wear the Respirator

After it has been determined that wearing a respirator is required, the first step is to obtain medical clearance to wear the respirator. The University Occupational Health Office (608-263-2177) can assist in obtaining medical clearance at no charge to the individual. An OSHA health history form will need to be filled out legibly and completely. This form is reviewed by a physician. For most people, this completes the medical approval process. Some people may need to have a physical exam based on the information they provided on the form.

C. Fit Testing and Training

After the medical clearance has been obtained, the next steps include fit testing and training in the use and care of the respirator. It is very important that the proper respirator is selected that will protect you from what you are working with. It is also important that you wear a respirator that properly fits your face. Without a good seal around your face, use of the respirator will be ineffective; therefore it is important to be clean shaven. Respirator fit testing will be conducted by appointment. Bill Deppen (608-262-9179) from the General Safety division of the Safety Department provides fit testing and training services.

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Fit testing and training needs to occur annually or when someone’s physical features substantially change in a way that could affect the fit of the respirator.

D. Respirator Use Procedures, Cleaning, Maintenance, and Storage

Respirators shall be used in accordance with the training received for that model. Seal checks shall be performed every time the respirator is used. Respirator cartridges shall be replaced as determined by the manufacturer’s recommendations. Respirators are to be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Respirators shall be visually inspected daily before and after each use assessing for cleanliness and defects. After inspection, cleaning, and necessary repairs; respirators shall be stored in plastic bags to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals.

E. Voluntary Use of Respirators

In some instances respirator use is chosen voluntarily to control nuisance air contaminants. The most common reason is exposure to both mineral and non-mineral dust. Most users will be satisfied with a filtering face piece (dust mask) respirator made out of a formed media. These masks protect against dust and mists. Some filtering face pieces also protect against nuisance levels of chemical vapors and gases.

For any voluntary use of a respirator the regulations require that the person in charge: 1) review the proposed use and determine that the respirator itself does not provide a hazard to the user, 2) verify that exposure without a respirator is below regulatory limits, and 3) provide the user with a copy of the regulations. (Appendix B)

F. Resources

Questions regarding respirator use should be directed to Bill Deppen (608-262-9179) or Keith Burdick (608-262-9739). Questions regarding medical clearance should be directed to Tom Kenney (608-263-2177). Additional information on respirator use

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and the safety regulations is available at the UW Safety Department website link:

www2.fpm.wisc.edu/safety/gsp/Respiratory%20Protection.htm

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14. HAZARD COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM

A. Introduction

ARS Hazard Communication Program is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals in the work place. This Program complies with the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 as per 1928.21(a)(5).

B. Program Coordinator

The Program Coordinator will be the site superintendent or an assistant superintendent. The Program Coordinator will be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Hazard Communication Program.

C. Hazardous Materials Inventory

The Program Coordinator will maintain a list of hazardous materials used at their facility. The list will be updated upon receipt of any hazardous material not previously listed. (Appendix C)

D. Material Safety Data Sheets

The Program Coordinator will maintain a file containing a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for every item on the list of hazardous materials. The MSDS used will be those supplied by the manufacturers or other suppliers. The Program Coordinator may maintain a sub-file of MSDS at site-specific location where hazardous materials are stored or used and access to the master file is unavailable. All employees shall have access to MSDS.

Each time a material is ordered for the first time, the purchaser shall, as a matter of course, request an MSDS for the material as a condition of purchase. If one is not received with or prior to the shipment, the material shall be impounded in a secure area until one is received. No material shall be placed into use without either an MSDS or a letter of disclaimer from supplier or manufacturer stating an MSDS is not required.

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Whenever chemical products are purchased from a local wholesale or retail dealer, whether with petty cash or with a purchase order or requisition, the material shall not be placed into use unless an appropriate MSDS is obtained.

E. Labeling System

All hazardous materials in the facility shall be properly labeled.

Containers into which materials are transferred for in-house use, other than for immediate transfer for use by the employee filling the container, shall be labeled consistently with the label on the original container. All labels for in-house use in secondary containers shall include at minimum the name of the product and the relevant hazards.

The Program Coordinator or designee shall check periodically to assure that containers of material are properly labeled, and that none of the original labels have been defaced.

F. Employee Training

Each employee who works with or may be exposed to hazardous materials shall be informed of the location and availability of the hazardous material lists, the MSDS files, and shall receive training on the hazardous properties and safe use of those materials. Additional training shall be provided for employees whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work areas. Refresher training will be conducted on an annual basis.

The Program Coordinator will maintain records of training received by all employees and will schedule the initial training as well as any additional or refresher training needed as functions change and as new hazards are introduced into particular work areas.

G. Outside Employers

Outside contractors whose work at the facility requires them to work with or be exposed to hazardous materials shall be informed of the location of MSDS, precautionary measures used at the

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facility to prevent chemical exposures, and procedures for emergency situations.

In addition, contractor activities that may introduce new or additional material hazards to the facility shall review with the appropriate supervisor(s) all information regarding those hazards. Facility supervisor(s) will then be responsible for transmitting such hazard information to affected employees.

H. Resources

Questions regarding hazardous material safety should be directed to the Chemical and Environmental Safety Program University of Wisconsin-Madison: Office phone: (608) 262-8769Help Line: (608) 265-5518. Additional information is also available at the Safety Department website link:

http://www2.fpm.wisc.edu/chemsafety/

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15. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROGRAM

A. Introduction

The Lockout/Tagout (LO/TO) program of the Agricultural Research Stations is designed to protect employees from hazardous energy in the work place and prevent injury during the servicing and maintenance of machines where unexpected start-up or energizing could cause personal injury.

All sources of energy, including but not limited to electric, hydraulic, mechanical, chemical, thermal, or pneumatic, shall be shut down and locked out in the OFF position during service or maintenance of equipment. All lockouts must prevent the accidental operation and/or release of energy, and be verified by all employees who will be doing work in and around the locked out equipment.

B. Program Coordinator

The Program Coordinator will be the site superintendent or an assistant superintendent. The Program Coordinator will be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the LO/TO Program.

C. LO/TO Procedures

General Procedure1. NOTIFY all affected employees that a lockout/tagout

procedure is going to be used.

2. Authorized employees shall know the TYPE AND MAGNITUDE OF ENERGY and understand the hazards, and will SHUT DOWN the equipment by the normal operating procedures.

3. Authorized employees will locate and ISOLATE or cutoff the equipment from its energy source(s), and dissipate or restrain any residual energy.

4. Authorized employees will LOCKOUT and TAGOUT the energy sources.

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5. An ATTEMPT TO START the equipment will be made after ensuring that no personnel are exposed. Return operating controls to off or neutral. THE EQUIPMENT IS NOW LOCKED OUT.

Specific Procedure

Specific procedure may be written for each equipment type (feed/pellet mill, augers, sump pumps, elevators, shop equipment, etc.). These forms may be kept in maintenance areas for ready access.

D. Multiple Locks

If more than one individual is required to lockout, each shall place his/her own lock on the energy isolating devices. A multiple lockout device may be used.

E. Release From LO/TO

Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored to the equipment, the following steps will be taken:

1. INSPECT work area to ensure machine components are intact and non-essential items (tools, etc.) have been removed.

2. Ensure that all EMPLOYEES are OUT OF DANGER, and notify affected employees of start-up.

3. Each LOCKOUT and TAGOUT DEVICE will be REMOVED by the employee who applied the device. (See Exception Section.)

If the machine must be tested and lockout devices are temporarily removed, steps 1-3 will be followed. After testing, all systems must be de-energized and the lockout procedure must be repeated.

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EXCEPTION: When the employee who applied the lockout and tagout device is not available to remove it, it may be removed if the following procedures are followed:

1. Verify that authorized employee who applied lock is not at the facility.

2. Make all reasonable efforts to contact employee (phone home, etc.)

3. Remove the lockout or tagout device in accordance with the procedure.

4. Continue to attempt to contact authorized employee; ensure that he/she knows what occurred before returning to work.

F. Shift or Personnel Changes

The continuity of the lockout during shift changes will be ensured by the following procedure:

1. The off-going and on-coming authorized employees will meet at the locked-out energy source. All locked-out sources will have the locks transferred.

2. The off-going employee(s) will remove his/her lock(s) WITHOUT energizing the source.

3. The on-coming employee(s) will place his/her lock(s) on the energy source.

4. The on-coming employee(s) will notify all on-coming affected employees and others in the area of the existing lockout.

5. The on-coming employee(s) will verify the lockout using the start button, or other start up control(s), in accordance with STEP 5 of the lockout procedure. LOCKOUT TRANSFER IS NOW COMPLETE.

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G. Employee Training

All employees shall be trained in the purpose and function of the lockout/tagout (energy control) program. Authorized employees will be given the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of lockout/tagout devices. Employees who may be in an area where lockout/tagout procedures are being used will be instructed about the prohibitions relating to re-starting or re-energizing any locked out or tagged out equipment.

Initial training will be conducted and documented. Retraining will be provided whenever a change occurs in machinery or equipment processes or in energy control procedures, or in job assignment. Retraining will be conducted at the recommendation of the employer if inadequacies in employee knowledge or skills are exhibited.

H. Contractors

All outside contractors involved in the service and maintenance of machines as well as any who may be required to work in an area where machinery is being serviced and lockout/tagout is being used will be informed of lockout/tagout procedures. They will be required to follow the recommendations of the ARS Lockout/Tagout program. If contractors must service machines where unexpected start-up or energizing could cause personal injury, a double lockout system will be utilized, with an ARS employee or supervisor placing the first lock (See section D for information on multiple lock procedures).

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16. MACHINE GUARDING PROGRAM

A. Introduction

ARS Machine Guarding Program is designed to prevent worker exposure to any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury. No employee shall operate machinery without proper protective guards in place or modify/disable any protective guards on machinery without contacting the site supervisor for such approval. ARS Machine Guarding Program complies with OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1928.57 & 1910 Subpart O & P.

B. Program Coordinator

The Program Coordinator will be the site superintendent or an assistant superintendent. The Program Coordinator will be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Machine Guarding Program. The Program Coordinator or designee shall check periodically to assure that machinery is properly guarded and in good repair.

C. Program Responsibility

Management is responsible for:1. Ensuring all machinery is properly guarded.2. Investigating injuries related to machine guarding.

Supervisors are responsible for:1. Implementing engineering controls where applicable. 2. Facilitating equipment specific training with regard to

machine guarding.3. Ensuring machine guards remain in place and are functional.4. Correcting machine guard deficiencies.

Employees are responsible for:1. Complying with all aspects of this program. 2. Asking for a demonstration of a tool prior to use or reading

the instructions. 3. Reporting all damaged or malfunctioning

tools/equipment/guarding to your supervisor and removing or tagging such tools/equipment "out of service.”

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4. Contacting your supervisor when alternative guarding methods are necessary.

5. Not operating equipment unless guards are in place. 6. Implementing the ARS Lockout/Tagout Program.

D. General Requirements

Guards shall be affixed to the machine to prevent access to the hazard from all accessible directions including front, top, bottom and back side. 

Special hand feeding tools for placing and removing material shall permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone.  Such tools shall not be in lieu of other guarding required by this policy, but shall only be used to supplement protection provided.

E. Basic Areas Requiring Safeguarding 

Dangerous moving parts require safeguarding in three basic areas: 

1. Point of operation:  The area on a machine where work is actually performed on the material being processed (e.g., cutting, shaping, boring, forming of stock).

2. Power transmission apparatus:  All components of the mechanical system which transmit energy to the part of the machine performing the work (e.g., pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams, spindles, chains, cranks, and gears).

3. Other moving parts:  All parts of the machine which move while the machine is working including, but not limited to, reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, as well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine. 

F. Requirements for Safeguards 

Safeguards shall meet these minimum general requirements: 

1. Prevent contact:  The safeguard shall prevent hands, arms, and any other part of a worker's body from making contact with dangerous moving parts.  A good safeguarding system

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eliminates the possibility of the operator or another worker placing parts of their bodies near hazardous moving parts.

2. Secure:  Workers should not be able to easily remove or tamper with the safeguard.  Guards and safety devices shall be made of durable material that will withstand the conditions of normal use.  They shall be firmly secured to the machine. 

3. Protect from falling objects:  The safeguard shall ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts.  A small tool which is dropped into a cycling machine could easily become a projectile that could strike and injure someone.

4. Create no new hazards:  A safeguard defeats its own purpose if it creates a hazard of its own such as a shear point, a jagged edge, or an unfinished surface which can cause a laceration.  The edges of guards, for instance, should be rolled or bolted in such a way that they eliminate sharp edges.

5. Create no interference:  Any safeguard which impedes a worker from performing the job quickly and comfortably might soon be overridden or disregarded.  Proper safeguarding can actually enhance efficiency since it can relieve the worker's apprehensions about injury.

6. Allow safe lubrication:  If possible, one should be able to lubricate the machine without removing the safeguards.  Locating oil reservoirs outside the guard, with a line leading to the lubrication point, will reduce the need for the operator or maintenance worker to enter the hazardous area. 

G. Training 

Program Coordinator and/or supervisors shall facilitate operator training involving instruction or hands-on training in the following:

1. Description and identification of the hazards associated with particular machines.

2. The safeguards on the particular machines including, but not limited to:  how they provide protection; the hazards for which they are intended; and how to use them.

3. What to do (e.g., contact the supervisor) if a safeguard is damaged, missing, or unable to provide adequate protection. 

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This training shall be provided to all new operators and maintenance or setup personnel, when any new or altered safeguards are put in service, or when workers are assigned to a new machine or operation. Such training shall be documented.

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17. FEED MILL & GRAIN STORAGE

A. General Rules1. Turn off all power and perform lock-out/tag-out procedures

before adjusting or repairing equipment such as changing the screen on the hammer mill, opening pellet mill, rethreading sewing machine or cleaning mixer.

2. When making feed, run exhaust fan at the start of loading the mixer and until the feed is unloaded from mixer to remove dust.

3. Hearing protection is required before entering basement when the blowers or pellet mill are running.

4. Use fiberglass rods or rubber mallet to pound on sides of bins to prevent sparks.

5. Only trained and authorized personnel should enter and work with fuse boxes in the power room.

6. Use goggles and respirator when blowing off dust on pipes.7. When blowing down boiler employee must wear full face

shield and protective gloves. Open valves slowly.8. During spring, exercise care when the cement floor becomes

wet.

B. Grain Handling & Bins1. Turn off power and perform lockout/ tagout procedures

before adjusting or repairing equipment such as dryers, legs or conveyors.

2. At all times guards, covers, shields and doors must be in place and secure before operating any equipment.

3. Two people must be present with one at entry point of bin before entering a bin.

4. The person entering a bin with more than 5 feet depth of feed or grain must wear a safety harness.

5. Stay on outside wall edge of grain if entering a bin with grain more than 5 feet deep.

6. If a gas leak is detected use extreme caution, notify your supervisor and your local gas or electric utility company.

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18. ANHYDROUS AMMONIA

A. Transporting1. Do not exceed 35 mph when transporting nurse tanks.2. You must have a hazardous waste shipping document with

you when transporting nurse tanks.3. You must attach safety chains when transporting nurse

tanks.4. Do not pick up a tank without a functioning emergency water

tank installed.5. Make sure the emergency water tank is full and valves are

shut.

B. Application1. Before switching tanks, bleed the lines to relieve pressure in

the hoses.2. When attaching hoses, wear the following safety protection

equipment:a. full mask respirator with appropriate filtersb. coverallsc. anhydrous gloves

3. Always position yourself upwind when working with hoses.4. Check your anhydrous tank to see if the 5 gallon emergency

water tank is filled and operating.5. If you are exposed to anhydrous ammonia, immediately flush

the exposed area with water from the emergency water tank, then get to a larger water supply and flush for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention as soon as possible. Do not treat with anything except water until directed otherwise by medical personnel.

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19. IRRIGATION SAFETY

Irrigation systems are used on many of the Agricultural Research Stations for both research and general crop production in addition to greenhouse applications. Numerous types of irrigation systems are being used including center pivot, linear, traveling gun, solid set and trickle systems. Irrigation systems often operate under significant water pressure levels and with some type of power source driving mechanisms with pinch points. Each system has its own unique operating and safety procedures. This section outlines general irrigation safety practices. All employees involved with irrigation must be trained on the proper and safe use of the specific type(s) of irrigation equipment to be operated.

A. General Irrigation Safety Practices1. Inspect each system before use and complete daily

maintenance practices.2. Use great caution while in the immediate area of any system

being operated, especially near power and water supply connection points.

3. Never attempt servicing while the irrigation system is under pressure or operational load. Always shut down the system and disconnect before working on the system.

4. Do not attempt to adjust sprinklers while operating.5. Use extreme caution when irrigating near power sources or

supply boxes. Ensure the system is properly grounded. Test periodically.

6. Never irrigate over public roads.7. Always keep all safety shields in place other than during

maintenance work.8. Make sure power sources and water supply lines are set up

properly.9. Make sure irrigation system travel or drive lines are

unobstructed.10. Be cautious for both overhead and underground lines.11. Be very cautious around irrigation systems during stormy

weather. Leave the area during lightning storms.12. Observe all specific system guidelines for transporting

portable systems.13. Keep children and spectators away from irrigation systems.14. Observe all specific system guidelines for winterization

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20. GREENHOUSE SAFETY

A. General Greenhouse Safety

Research greenhouses, located at the various agricultural research stations throughout the state, have some unique safety concerns that may make them different than other research facilities.  Pesticide safety is probably the most important issue with any greenhouse.   Other safety concerns are the potential for electrical shock or electrocution in a wet, humid environment, slips and falls, accidents with ladders and the potential of mercury exposure if the greenhouse has high intensity discharge lighting.

B. Pesticide Safety In Greenhouses

There are two important and comprehensive laws dealing with pesticide safety in greenhouses.  One of these laws is called The Worker Protection Standard and is a federal law dealing with the responsibility of greenhouse managers to provide a safe and informed working environment for people who work at facilities where pesticides are used.  Because the law is complex and encompassing, a booklet entitled The Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides-How to Comply can be made available.  This book explains the obligations of the managers of the greenhouse and the rights/obligations of greenhouse workers or researchers.  If you are a manager of a research greenhouse at an agricultural research station, you must become thoroughly familiar with all of the requirements of this booklet. As a manager, you must implement a training program for every researcher that conducts research in your greenhouse.  You must keep records of that training and comply with every other requirement in the booklet.  If you are a greenhouse worker or someone who conducts or assists with greenhouse research projects, you may want to read the booklet to become familiar with your obligations and all the safety requirements required by The Worker Protection Standard.   

The other important safety concern regarding pesticides and greenhouses is the Wisconsin Certified Pesticide Applicators Program.  If you apply pesticides at any of the research greenhouses, you should train to become a Commercial Applicator

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and become certified in the appropriate category.  It is strongly recommended that all ARS employees who mix, load and apply pesticides should have a Commercial Applicator certification and be licensed.  You can get more information on becoming a certified pesticide applicator by contacting the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture or the University of Wisconsin Agronomy – Pesticide Applicator Training Program.

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21. FALL PROTECTION PROGRAMThe purpose of this fall protection program is to establish guidelines to protect all UW Agriculture Research Station (ARS) staff engaged in outdoor or indoor work activities that expose them to potential falls from elevations.

A. OSHA/COMM Guidelines

1. Walking/Working Surfaces - Employers must determine if walking/working surfaces meet certain requirements. a. Verify that walking/working surface has the strength

and structural integrity to support employees safely.b. Verify that each employee on a walking/working

surface (horizontal and vertical) with an unprotected side or edge that is 6 ft or more above a lower level is protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. (Appendix D)

2. Fall Protection - Appropriate fall protection will be determined by the task (job) to be performed.a. Silos: Whenever an employee leans into or steps into a

silo, fall protection (i.e., 6-foot lanyard to full body harness, SRL, or rope grab system) should be used.

b. On all projects: Only guardrails made from steel, wood, and wire rope will be acceptable. (i.e., withstand 200 pounds of force, 42” high, midrail, and toe board).

3. Lifeline systems - Must be engineered to have appropriate anchorages, strength of line designed to hold X number of individuals connected to it, line strength to aid in the arrest of a fall, and durability to hold a fallen employee(s) suspended until rescue can occur. (Appendix E)

B. Training

Employers must provide a fall prevention training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The training program must include recognition of the hazards of falling and procedures to follow to minimize these hazards. Training materials must be reviewed to verify that each employee has been trained,

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as necessary, by a competent person qualified in the following areas:

Employers must maintain a written certification record for employee training. (Appendix F)

The record must contain the following information:

1. The name or other identity of the employee trained 2. The date(s) of the training3. The signature of the person who conducted the training or

the signature of the employer

C. Inspection and Record Keeping

Inspection of Fall Protection Systems - The following criteria will be utilized to maintain all equipment in good working condition. Inspection forms can be found in the appendix. (Appendix G)

1. Full Body Harnesses – Inspect before each use.a. Closely examine all of the nylon webbing to ensure

there are no burn marks, which could weaken the material.

b. Verify there are no torn, frayed, broken fibers, pulled stitches, or frayed edges anywhere on the harness.

c. Examine D-ring for excessive wear, pits, deterioration, or cracks.

d. Verify that buckles are not deformed, cracked, and will operate correctly.

e. Check to see that all grommets (if present) are secure and not deformed from abuse or a fall.

f. Harness should never have additional punched holes.g. All rivets should be tight, not deformed.h. Check tongue/straps for excessive wear from repeated

buckling.i. Annual inspection of all harnesses shall be completed

by an authorized inspector and documentation will be maintained.

j. Storage will consist of hanging in an enclosed cabinet to protect from damage.

k. All harnesses that are involved in a fall will be destroyed.

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2. Lanyards/Shock Absorbing Lanyards - Inspect before each use.a. Check lanyard material for cuts, burns, abrasions,

kinks, knots, broken stitches and excessive wear.b. Inspect the snap hooks for hook, locks, and eye

distortion.c. Check carabineers for excessive wear, distortion, and

lock operation.d. Ensure that all locking mechanisms seat and lock

properly.e. Once locked, locking mechanism should prevent hook

from opening.f. Visually inspect shock absorber for any signs of

damage, paying close attention to where the shock absorber attaches to the lanyard.

g. Verify that points where the lanyard attaches to the snap hooks are free of defects.

h. Annual inspection of all lanyards will be completed by an authorized inspector and documentation will be maintained.

i. Storage will consist of hanging in an enclosed cabinet to protect from damage.

j. All lanyards that are involved in a fall will be destroyed.3. Horizontal Lifelines

a. Inspect before each use for structural integrity of line and anchors.

b. Annual inspection to be completed by an authorized inspector.

D. Storage and Maintenance of Fall Protection Equipment

1. Never store the personal fall arrest equipment in the bottom of a tool box, on the ground, or outside exposed to the elements (i.e., sun, rain, snow, etc.).

2. Hang equipment in a cool, dry location in a manner that retains its shape.

1. Always follow manufacturer recommendations for inspection.1. Clean with a mild, nonabrasive soap, and hang to dry.1. Never force dry or use strong detergents in cleaning.1. Never store equipment near excessive heat, chemicals,

moisture, or sunlight.

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1. Never store equipment in an area with exposure to fumes or corrosive materials.

1. Avoid dirt and build-up on equipment.1. Never use this equipment for any purpose other than

personal fall arrest.1. Once exposed to a fall, remove equipment from service

immediately.

E. Communication Issues

In the event of a fall, the following people will be notified as soon as possible:

1. Rescue personnel (i.e., maintenance personnel).2. Fire Department or emergency medical services if

necessary.

All employees involved in a fall arrest or fall will be sent for a medical evaluation to determine extent of injuries, if any.

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22. LABORATORY SAFETY

Your personal laboratory safety depends mostly on YOU. An effort has been made to address situations that may pose a hazard in the lab. The information and instructions provided are not considered to be all-inclusive.

Good common sense is needed for safety in a laboratory. It is expected that individuals will work in a responsible manner and exercise good judgment and common sense.

A. Personal and General Laboratory Safety1. Never eat, drink, or smoke while working in the laboratory.

Read labels carefully.2. Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and have

been approved to use. 3. Wear safety glasses or face shields at all times especially

when working with hazardous materials and/or equipment. 4. Wear gloves when using any hazardous or toxic agent. 5. Clothing: When handling dangerous substances, gloves,

laboratory coats, safety goggles or glasses must be worn. Shoes are required when working in the Laboratory and Machine Shop. Shorts and sandals should not be worn at any time. If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back or confined.

6. Keep the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your work. Coats and other apparel not worn in the lab should be hung up outside the lab or put in a locker.

7. Disposal – the individual is responsible for the proper disposal of used material in appropriate containers.

8. Equipment Failure - If a piece of equipment fails while being used, report it immediately to your supervisor. Never try to fix the problem yourself because you could harm yourself and others.

9. If leaving a lab unattended, turn off all ignition sources and lock the doors.

10. Never pipette anything by mouth. 11. Clean up your work area before leaving. 12. Wash hands before leaving the lab and before eating.

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B. Mechanical Safety1. When using compressed air, use only approved nozzles,

and never direct the air towards any person. 2. Guards on machinery must be in place during operation. 3. Exercise care when working with or near hydraulically or

pneumatically-driven equipment. Sudden or unexpected motion can inflict serious injury.

C. Electrical Safety1. Obtain permission before operating any high voltage

equipment. 2. Maintain an unobstructed access to all electrical panels. 3. Wiring or other electrical modifications must be completed by

qualified individuals. 4. Avoid using extension cords whenever possible. If you must

use one, obtain a heavy duty one that is electrically grounded with its own fuse, and install it safely. Extension cords should not go under doors, across aisles, be hung from the ceiling, or plugged into other extension cords.

5. Never, ever modify, attach or otherwise change any high voltage equipment.

D. Chemical Safety1. Treat every chemical as if it were hazardous. 2. Make sure all chemicals are clearly and currently labeled

with the substance name, concentration, date, and name of the individual responsible.

3. Never return chemicals to reagent bottles. (Try for the correct amount and share any excess.)

4. Comply with fire regulations concerning storage quantities, types of approved containers and cabinets, proper labeling, etc. If uncertain about regulations, contact your Supervisor.

5. Use volatile and flammable compounds only in a fume hood. Procedures that produce aerosols should be performed in a hood to prevent inhalation of hazardous material.

6. Never allow a solvent to come in contact with your skin. Always use gloves.

7. Never "smell" a solvent!! Read the label on the solvent bottle to identify its contents.

8. Dispose of waste and broken glassware in proper containers.

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9. Clean up spills immediately. 10. Do not store food in laboratories.

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23. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STAFF HANDLING OF LIVESTOCK

Farm animals are responsible for many disabling injuries. To reduce the possibility of injury, talk to the animals as you approach them. Approach slowly, and do not approach an animal directly from behind. Livestock (cattle, sheep, swine, and horses) have broad, panoramic vision and very limited depth perception. These are perhaps the most important factors to remember when handling livestock. Animals are able to see all the way around them, except for small blind-spots at the nose and in the rear, and that shadows may appear as "holes" rather than shadows. Panoramic vision also means they are easily frightened by shadows or moving distractions outside chutes and handling areas.

The following guidelines offer general safety instructions for working with any animals:

1. Treat animals with respect.2. Use adequate restraining and handling facilities when

working with animals.3. Always leave yourself an escape route when working with

animals (i.e., do not work in small, confined areas or back yourself into a corner).

4. Do not put your hands, legs, or feet in gate or chute closures where you may become pinned or crushed by a large animal.

5. Reduce the chance for slips and falls by keeping handling areas free from debris. Attach "no slip" safety strips to slick areas.

6. Stay away from frightened, sick, or hurt animals whenever possible. Take care around animals with young offspring.

7. Wear protective clothing around animals, as designated in CALS Agricultural Animal Worker and Researcher Site-Dedicated Clothing Policy. (Appendix H)

8. Try never to handle livestock when you are alone.  9. Be aware of the fact that a cloth or coat swinging in the wind

can cause animals to balk.10. A site specific clothing policy for the West Madison ARS has

also been written. (Appendix I)  

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The following sections provide specific instructions for working with specific animals.

A. Beef Cattle

Ordinary beef cattle generally have a calm disposition; however, they are easily spooked. Because cattle can see almost 360 degrees without moving their heads, a quick movement from behind can scare them just as easily as a sudden movement from the front. Loud, sudden noises and small dogs tend to upset cattle.

Although cattle are not likely to attack humans, their size and weight can make them dangerous. Always leave yourself an escape route when working with cattle. Cattle tend to kick forward and then backward with their back legs; leave room for clearance.

B. Dairy Cattle

Dairy cattle tend to be more nervous than other domestic animals. Always announce your presence to a cow by speaking calmly or touching the animal gently. When moving cows into a confined place such as a trailer, give them time to adjust.

C. Swine

Swine can be dangerous because they can bite with enough force to cause serious injury. Likewise, a hog's size and weight can easily harm a person if the animal steps on, lies on, or charges a person. Guiding hogs for sorting or movement to a new pen requires lots of patience and adequate facilities. An easy way to guide a hog backwards is to place a box or basket over the hog's head. The hog will then back away to avoid the box. As with cattle, you should announce your presence to a hog by speaking calmly.

A normal behavior for pigs is the "rooting" movement, wherein pigs tuck their heads low and then quickly raise up their head, trying to "root up" whatever they are pushing with their snout. They will do this with their food and water buckets, along the bottom edges of the pen, and they may do this to human handlers. Pigs have strong jaws and sharp teeth. Often the incisor teeth are snipped off at the farm, but the remaining teeth can still inflict serious damage

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when they root up the leg. Another dangerous situation may occur when a pig puts his head down, sniffs the person's feet and then suddenly lifts up, jerking the person off balance.

D. Sheep

Sheep are flock animals. Isolation of an individual sheep may cause anxiety for these individual sheep. This anxiety and separation can cause sheep to try and escape. Also, take care when working around sheep to avoid being butted by a ram.

E. Observation Before Transport

Observing animals to determine their temperament can alert the handler to possible danger. These signs include raised or pinned ears, raised tail or hair on the back, bared teeth, pawing the ground, and snorting. Male animals are always dangerous. Males of some breeds are more aggressive than others, but protective females, especially new mothers, can be just as dangerous. Often injuries occur from animals that do not openly exhibit aggression or fear. This reaction may be triggered by excitement caused, for example, by a person walking nearby. Typical injuries from this type of situation are usually a result of being kicked, bitten, stepped on, or squeezed between the animal and a solid structure as the animal tries to flee.

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F. Flight Zone of Animals

The better we understand livestock, the less risk of animals harming us or themselves. Understanding an animals’ flight zone is one tool to better understanding of animals’ movement.This diagram illustrates the general flight zone of an animal. The actual flight zone of an individual animal will vary depending on how ‘tame’ the animal is.An animal’s flight zone will vary depending on how calm it is. The flight zone increases when the animal becomes excited. The flight zone is also bigger when you approach ‘head’ on. Calm cattle are easier to move. If cattle become excited, it takes 20 to 30 minutes for them to calm back down.

G. Noise Control

Livestock move and react more predictably when they are calm and feel secure. They are also more sensitive than people to high frequency noises. Excessive yelling and hollering while handling and herding livestock can cause a great deal of stress. Temple Grandin, Professor of Animal Science at Colorado State University, suggests that yelling be kept to a minimum when working with livestock.

Excited, aggressive handling causes animals to watch the activity rather than move in the right direction. Loud, abrupt noises, such as the sound of banging metal can cause distress in livestock.

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H. Sight Perception

Because livestock are able to perceive colors, handling facilities should be painted in one color only. All species of livestock are likely to balk at a sudden change in color or texture. This is also true with respect to texture changes at ground level. To judge depth at ground level the animal must stop and lower its head. This explains why animals make a complete stop to look at something strange on the ground. Be patient when moving animals until they become familiar with new environment.

I. Animals’ Point of Balance

The point of balance is at the animal's shoulder. All species of livestock will move forward if the handler stands behind the point of balance. They will back up if the handler stands in front of the point of balance. Many handlers make the mistake of standing in front of the point of balance while attempting to make an animal move forward in a chute. Groups of cattle or pigs in a chute will often move forward without prodding when the handler walks past the point of balance in the opposite direction of each animal in the chute. It is not necessary to prod every animal. If the animals are moving through the chute by themselves, leave them alone. Often they can be moved by tapping the side of the chute.

If an animal balks and will not move forward, place the tail up and over the midline of the back, and apply moderate pressure. The most common mistake you see is a handler standing at the front of the animal, yelling, poking and electric prodding the animal's head or neck. Thousands of years of evolution have bred this animal not to move toward danger! Calm down. Get behind the animal and then if needed, apply gentle persuasion with the tail jack.

J. Disease, Allergies and Other Health Risk Factors in Dealing Handling Animals

People handling animals can develop allergies to animal hair, dander, or secretions such as saliva, urine, and secretions of

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various glands associated with the skin. Wearing protective clothing is important when handling animals to eliminate the danger of developing allergies or other illness. A dedicated clothing policy is in effect. (Appendices H & I)

Wearing a dust-type mask when working with swine in an enclosed environment such as housing facilities or livestock trailers is recommended.

Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between humans and animals. Examples of such diseases are rabies, brucellosis, trichinosis, salmonellosis, and ringworm. Preventive measures, such as sanitary practices in handling animals and their products will help to eliminate the danger of zoonoses.

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24. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LOADING, TRANSPORTING AND UNLOADING CATTLE AND SWINE*

A. Preparation of Personnel and Vehicles for Animal Transport1. Sanitation procedures for personnel

a. All staff must wear designated footwear (e.g., facility dedicated footwear rubber boots over their shoes/boots or wear plastic disposable boots) provided by each facility before entering any UW animal facility, when transporting any livestock, or hauling manure. Any footwear used at multiple locations must be thoroughly disinfected before entering another UW animal facility.

b. All staff transporting animals to a non-university livestock facility must clean and disinfect footwear with a disinfectant (e.g., bleach, Nolvasan, greensoap, Synphenol, or iodine solution). Disinfectant must be mixed to appropriate dilution recommended by product label. If using bleach, 1 tablespoon of bleach/gallon water or 2 cups in 30 gallons. Footwear must be disinfected before entering truck cab to return to UW facilities.

c. Backup protection includes use of plastic disposable boots if bleach solution is not available. Plastic boots must be placed over boots before leaving truck and removed and disposed of properly (in plastic garbage bag provided in truck) before entering truck after each visit to a non-university livestock facility.

d. A box of plastic boots, small garbage bags, a scrub brush, and beach solution will be carried in the truck used for livestock transport.

e. When transporting non-university animals, contact with those animals should be minimized as much as possible. Care should be taken not to enter yards or buildings where any non-university animals are housed.

2. Sanitation procedures for equipmenta. Livestock trucks or trailers used to transport any

livestock must be sanitized at the end of each day.

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Sanitization procedures must include the use of a solution specifically designed for elimination of pathogens carried by livestock following a pre-wash using a high pressure washer to remove organic matter.

b. See West Madison ARS Standard Operating Procedures for Trailer Cleaning and Disinfecting. (Appendix J)

3. BeddingTrucks, trailers and chutes must be bedded to prevent animals from slipping. Livestock also tend to be easier to handle when they are on bedded surfaces. Exceptions may be swine in housing systems without bedding. The use of bedding in chutes may inhibit loading efforts, so surfaces should be maintained clean and dry to avoid slippage, with bedding used within the trailer.a. Only use bedding that is clean (e.g. free of manure,

urine, blood, or packing waste). Sanitation is essential to deter spread of pests and diseases, especially during export shipment.

b. Preferred bedding materials are sawdust, wood shavings, straw, and sand.

c. Generally, sawdust and wood shavings should be about 2 in (5 cm) deep, straw 3-4 in (8-10 cm) deep, and sand at least 1 in (3 cm) deep. Deciding how much bedding to put in a truck requires judgment based on factors such as the amount of time animals will be in transport, species, and weather conditions especially temperature. See attached weather guide for additional information.

d. Bedding must be removed and properly disposed of before trailers or trucks are sanitized.

4. Prevent Injury to Stock While Loading: Inspection Prior to Loadinga. Inspect holding pens, gates, chutes and interiors of

transport vehicles to ensure that there are no sharp edges or protrusions, such as nails, bolts, and hinges, which might cause injuries to animals.

b. Make certain that truck floors and ramps have non-slip surfaces or are covered with bedding material to prevent animals from slipping.

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c. Ensure that floors, chutes and ramps have no holes or loose planks which animals may step through.

d. Loading chutes should be as short as possible, so that a handler can get to both ends quickly.

e. Cover loading chutes, especially new ones, with hay or straw, so that animals will be more willing to walk on them. An exception for swine is noted above under “Bedding.”

f. Use gates made of mesh or bars in loading facilities, so that cattle can see through them. Cattle tend to turn back when they see no avenue of escape. However, sides of ramps, alleyways, crowd pens used to assemble stock immediately before loading, etc., should be solid and high enough to prevent animals from seeing people and other distractions that may cause them to balk. Crowd gates (gates to crowd animals) should also be solid to prevent animals from turning back.

g. Provide lighting in loading facilities that is even and diffused. Avoid sharp contrasts, such as those caused by slatted shades. Also avoid harsh light that shines in animals' eyes. Cover lights with diffuser screens to avoid this.

h. When loading livestock at night, light alleyways and loading chutes with increasing intensity toward the truck. This takes advantage of cattle and swine's natural tendency to move toward light. Illuminating truck interiors will induce animals to enter. Livestock are often reluctant to move into a dark area. Persuading animals to enter a dark single-file chute can be difficult.

i. Loading chutes that are used during daylight should be oriented north or south, so that animals will not have to look directly into the sun.

5. Cattle Chutesa. Cattle loading chutes should be narrow so that animals

can go single file into a truck or trailer. Chutes should not be made wider than necessary. If chutes are too wide, two animals can wedge if one tries to turn.

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6. Swine Chutesa. Swine loading chutes should be constructed so that

animals can walk single file into a truck, or two abreast. Swine vary greatly in size, so chutes must be the appropriate width for the animals to be loaded. Do not use chutes that are 1 1/2 animal width, because this will cause animals to wedge in the chute, and increase the likelihood that animals will turn back.

B. Transporting and Unloading Cattle and Swine 1. Loading Procedures: Minimize Stress While Loading

a. Pre-plan livestock shipments. Transport vehicles should arrive on schedule to minimize time animals must be held in loading facilities.

b. To avoid fighting, do not mix animals that are unfamiliar with each other.

c. Always keep handling time to a minimum.d. Sort animals before loading. Group them by size,

species, origin, etc., prior to loading the truck.e. Move animals with minimal excitement. Exciting

animals more than necessary will not only result in increased stress levels but will increase susceptibility to bruise or other injury.

f. Always move slowly and quietly around livestock. Yelling and beating animals (especially swine) will make them difficult to handle. Handling animals in an easy and friendly manner will minimize stress.

g. Do not rush animals. Let animals follow the leader at their own pace.

h. When moving animals, be aware of their flight zone. This is the area around an animal in which it feels secure. When a handler enters the flight zone, the animal moves away and will stop when the handler leaves the flight zone. The size of the flight zone depends on tameness of the animal.

i. Use either a wide canvas slapper or beaded paddle to drive animals. Cattle can also be driven with a plastic bag on a stick. They will quickly move away from the sound of the plastic. Never strike animals with such objects as sticks, pipes, canes, or forks.

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j. Use electric prods sparingly. Use of prods on more than 5% (1 out of 20) animals during loading is unacceptable. Some livestock industry personnel prefer not to use electric prods. Excessive use of prods can drive animals into a frenzy. This is an especially important consideration when handling swine. If prodded several times in rapid succession, swine may have a heart attack.Caution: Never continue to prod a pig that lies down. Give the animal time to rest and recover.

k. After loading, let animals settle for a few minutes before moving the truck.

2. Use of Electric Prods When Handling Livestocka. Use of electric prods when handling livestock is a

practice that should be minimized. However, situations arise where livestock will refuse to move from a trailer, alley or chute. Often other means of encouraging the animal to move (pushing or pulling) are hazardous to the personnel working with the livestock. Therefore, there are certain situations that occur when use of an electric prod is necessary to improve handler safety. The scope of this SOP is to provide conditions of acceptable use as well as define situations when use is unacceptable.

b. It is unacceptable to use an electric prod on livestock when their movement is restricted due to lameness, injury, pain or sickness. If an animal is exhibiting signs of injury or illness, then veterinary assistance should be sought. However, use of an electric prod is acceptable on healthy uncooperative animals that only have one direction of movement afforded them and other measures of motivation have failed (presence in flight zone, slappers and vocalizations). This would include animals in trailers, chutes, and alleys.

c. It is accepted that design of chutes and loading docks impact the willingness of an animal to move through these facilities. If use of an electric prod is excessive in a University of Wisconsin CALS facility, then the facility manager should be notified and she/he should consult with the attending veterinarian on ways to improve animal handling at the facility.

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d. All personnel caring for and handling livestock must meet with the CALS attending veterinarian and discuss this policy. It is reasonable to have all personnel affected by this policy to meet with the attending veterinarian within three months of adoption of this SOP. After the initial training period, facility supervisors should discuss this policy with all new employees handling livestock.

3. Special Considerations for Swinea. Movement of swine through loading facilities can

cause excessive exertion, which can increase the possibility of heart attacks due to overexertion. When a swine's heart starts to race, it will lie down to bring its heart rate to a safe level.Caution: An overexerted swine must always be allowed to rest.

b. If a swine collapses from overexertion, do not douse with cold water. This will shock the pig’s system and may cause death. Instead, wet the ground around the swine to provide evaporative cooling.

c. Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS, or malignant hyperthermia) is the leading cause of swine deaths during transport. Swine with PSS will suddenly lie down, pant, and tremble. The skin of white swine may have a red, splotchy appearance. Swine showing these symptoms must not be shipped, but allowed to rest. If in transportation, check their condition periodically and care for as described.

d. When the temperature is over 80 F (27 C) sprinkle the swine with water before loading to prevent them from becoming overheated.Caution: Never put a large amount of cold water on overheated swine. This may cause shock resulting in death.

4. Loading Practices With Regard to Stocking Density a. Always decide before shipment how many animals to

put in a transport vehicle. (Appendix K)b. Avoid overcrowding. Overcrowded loads increase the

incidence of downed animals at destination. Animals that are loaded too densely become uneasy and perspire and urinate heavily, particularly during hot

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weather. When floors become wet, animals may fall and have difficulty getting up and may be trampled resulting in injury or death. Cattle that are loaded too densely may also jam at the truck door during unloading. Overly tight loading should be avoided even for very short hauls.

c. Partition trailers if less than a full load is to be shipped. When animals are loaded too loosely, they may not have enough support and fall frequently during transport. Partitions in large trailers will also serve as baffles against excess movement during acceleration and braking and are especially important during emergency stops.

d. Distribute weight evenly throughout the transport vehicle to maintain proper weight on the vehicle pulling the trailer. If the load consists of different size animals, use partitions to distribute animals so the load will be balanced. This will also protect smaller animals from being trampled.

5. Care During Transit: Good Practices for Driversa. Make sure load partitions are in place and secure,

trailer doors are securely closed, and bedding is sufficient.

b. Start out slowly and avoid fast stops. Fast starts and stops, making curves too fast, etc., will knock animals down.

c. Keep loaded livestock trucks moving, especially during hot weather. This will maintain a constant air flow that will help keep animals cool and prevent buildup of gases from animal wastes.

d. Plan to make periodic stops during transport to check welfare of stock. Welfare checks should be made within the first half-hour as most injuries occur at the outset. (Are there any downers? Do any appear ill? Are they too cold or overheated?) After the initial check, animals should be checked every two hours. Also make vehicle security inspections when checking animals during a stop. (Are doors and partitions secured? Are tires fully inflated? Is bedding evenly distributed?)

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6. What To Do During Adverse Weathera. Hot Weather

1. Use the Livestock Weather Safety Index as a guide when transporting animals during hot weather. (Appendix L) Never transport animals if the temperature is expected to be in the Danger or Emergency zone during the transport. If the temperature is expected to be in the Alert zone during the transport, consider the following options.

2. Reschedule the trip to a date when the weather is milder.

3. Transport the animals during the morning or night.

4. Make sure animals have access to clean water before trip. If trip is longer than two hours, provide drinking water to animals.

5. If transporting swine, you may consider bedding the trailer with six inches of wet sand.

b. Cold Weather 1. Protect livestock from wind chill during cold

weather. Swine are especially sensitive to chill cross winds. Air movement through trucks can be restricted by using side covers or plastic plugs to partially block air movement through trailers. Be careful to maintain adequate ventilation.

2. Swine hauled in cold weather tend to huddle together in piles. This sometimes results in death of swine at the bottom of the pile. Death occurs because as ambient temperature rises, swine on the top are still chilled and will not move, but rising temperatures result in excessive heat buildup toward the bottom and center of the pile. Bedding heavily with straw (>6 inches) which will insulate the animals and conserve body heat and use of partitions to separate animals into small groups will help prevent this.

3. Keep animals as dry as possible during cold weather.

4. Protect animals from exposure to freezing rain and sleet.

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7. Unloading Swine and Cattlea. Position trucks so that they line up properly with chutes.b. Cover chutes with bedding when unloading swine. This

will help entice them out of the truck. The bedding will help cover the unique smell of the chute.

c. Use wide chutes for unloading, because animals will go more readily into a wide area. Chutes used only for unloading should be 8 feet wide. This type of chute should not be used for loading.

d. Construct unloading chutes with a non-slip, level landing at the top. Animals will exit a truck if they can step onto a level surface, as opposed to an immediate downward slope. This is especially important for swine.

e. Be certain that chutes provide good footing. They should be constructed of rough surface concrete, have cleats, stair steps with deep groves, or other non-slip surfaces. Distance between cleats and dimensions of steps should match the stride of the animals being unloaded.

f. Illuminate chutes and unloading areas during night unloading. Livestock feel more comfortable moving into a lighted area.

8. Handling Downed Animals-Deciding How to Handle the Situationa. Any animals that arrive sick or injured should be tended to

as soon as possible. The herdsperson or veterinarian should determine if the animal should be treated or humanely destroyed.

b. Be aware that entering a truck loaded with cattle or other large stock to care for a downed animal can be dangerous. Animals may panic and trample handlers.

c. Avoid hauling sick, lame or injured animals unless the animals are being hauled to receive treatment. If possible, allow sick, lame or injured animals to fully recover before transporting.

9. Helping Downed Animals Up a. Help downed cattle to get up, if possible. If an animal is

lying on its side, lift its head to the vertical position. If the animal's legs are underneath it, push up on its shoulders. These techniques will often enable an animal to get up. Several attempts to get the animal up

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should be made and the animal should be allowed to rest briefly between each attempt.

b. Help unsteady cattle to walk. Holding an animal's tail will help it maintain its balance.

c. Downed-swine can be assisted by lifting on the tail or flanks. Dry surfaces will help steady the animal.

10. Handling Animals That Cannot Get UpUse any of the following methods or a combination of methods to handle downed animals: a. Gently roll downed animals to move them. Do not drag or

lift animals by their limbs unless there is no other alternative. If the animal can be saved and there is no alternative to dragging, it should be dragged the minimum distance to where a more suitable moving method can be used.

b. If the animal must be lifted by its limbs, use the uninjured limbs and place pads where any chains or cables will be attached.

c. Do not drag animals by the neck. Use a rope around the animal's shoulders or pull it by uninjured limbs, if there is no other alternative.

d. Use a heavy duty, two-wheeled cart made for moving downed swine and other smaller livestock. The cart should be equipped with a large platform. Push the platform under the animal, and tilt the cart back to move the animal onto the platform. A second person should be available to steady the animal on the platform.

e. Use a wide board or piece of conveyer belt to move downed livestock. When a conveyer belt is used, the end that is pulled should be reinforced with a metal strip to prevent buckling. Gently roll the animal onto the board or conveyer belt. The board or belt can then be carried or dragged. Once the animal is on the board or conveyer belt, the animal can be pulled by a tractor.

f. Use a front-end loader to move downed animals in holding facilities. One person operates the loader and one or two others roll the animal into the bucket. Moving downed animals with a loader is easier and

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more humane if the standard bucket is replaced with a larger, specially designed bucket with a hinged lid that will prevent the animal from falling out.

g. Use a forklift equipped with a platform, with the front edge angled down to facilitate rolling the animal. Bare forks should never be shoved under a downed animal. The platform can also be equipped with straps to prevent the animal from falling off.

h. Caution: Never push an animal against a wall or fence to get it into a loader bucket or onto a forklift platform.

i. Consider using a frame on four wheels with slings that is manufactured especially for moving downed animals. It can fit into tight spaces and has large wheels that allow easy movement over rough surfaces.

j. If a hoist is needed to load an animal onto a truck, be certain to use the appropriate size sling.

k. Separate downed animals from other stock if they must be carried on the same truck.

l. Tie downed animals if they must be carried on a truck. The animals' movement during transport, especially involuntary movement, may cause unnecessary pain and further injury.

m. Consider using a livestock trailer with side doors, as they greatly facilitate handling of downed animals. Cattle that go down in the belly compartment of a semi-trailer without side doors are very difficult to remove humanely. If it is not possible to move the animal onto a board or piece of conveyer belt and drag it out, humanely destroy the animal in the trailer.

25. SAFETY TRAINING & AWARENESS CHECKLIST82

*The purpose of this document is to provide University faculty and staff guidelines for the safe and humane transport of beef, dairy and swine. These

guidelines are based on recommendations of the following:

The Consortium for Developing a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching

Cattle and swine trucking guide for exporters, (1999) USDA, Office of Transportation and Marketing (www.ams.usda.gov/tmd/livestock/Truck%20Guide.htm)

In order to document and record safety training for each employee, a uniform document has been developed for the University of Wisconsin CALS Agricultural Research Stations. (Appendix M)

This document is to be completed for each station employee and is to serve as a yearly record of all safety training that has been completed. Not all sections are applicable to all stations; the documents indicate what information is required and must be completed for each employee depending on job duties. Areas that are not applicable are to be marked as such with N/A. Do not leave blank spaces. Once the training document has been initialed, signed and dated where indicated, it is to be kept in a permanent file at each station.

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LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Identification of Confined Spaces 84

B. Mandatory Information for Employees Using Respirators When Not Required Under the Standard

85

C. Hazardous Materials Inventory 87

D. OSHA/COMM Guidelines on Guardrails – 29 CFR 1926.502 (b)

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E. Lifeline Requirements – 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(7) to (d)(14)

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F. Fall Protection Program Training Record 90

G. Fall Protection Systems Checklist 91

H. CALS Agricultural Animal Worker and Researcher Site-Dedicated Clothing Policy – May 23, 2005

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I. West Madison Site-Dedicated Clothing Policy 95

J. West Madison Agricultural Research Station Standard Operating Procedures for Trailer Cleaning and Disinfecting Effective September 1, 2006

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K. Recommended Area Allowance in Transportation Accommodations for Groups of Animals Used in Agricultural Research and Teaching

98

L. Livestock Weather Safety Index 99

M. Safety Training and Awareness Checklist 100

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APPENDIX A

IDENTIFICATION OF CONFINED SPACES

ARS ____________________________________________

Date of Inventory __________________________________

Confined Space Location Hazards

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APPENDIX B(Mandatory) Information for Employees Using Respirators

When Not Required Under the Standard

Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and worn.  Respirator use is encouraged even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to provide an additional level of comfort and protection for workers.  However, if a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard to the worker.  Sometimes workers may wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards even if the amount of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits set by OSHA standards.  If your employer provides respirators for your voluntary use, or if you provide your own respirator, you need to take certain precautions to be sure that the respirator itself does not present a hazard.

You should do the following:

1. Read and heed all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care, and warnings regarding the respirators limitations.

2. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, certifies respirators.  A label or statement of certification should appear on the respirator or respirator packaging.  It will tell you what the respirator is designed for and how much it will protect you.

3. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not designed to protect against.  For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or smoke.

4. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else’s respirator.

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Note—All employees who voluntarily use respirators in their work must receive Appendix B in accordance with OSHA and Wisconsin Department of Commerce Rules. The Safety Department strongly recommends that all students who voluntarily use respirators also receive this sheet. 

Cartridge respirators may be disposable or reusable. Voluntary use of cartridge respirators requires following all the steps listed above plus medical clearance described in Chapter 13, Section B.

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APPENDIX C

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY

ARS __________________________________________

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY

Product Name Product Manufacturer Quantity

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APPENDIX DOSHA/COMM GUIDELINES ON GUARDRAILS - 29 CFR 1926.502(b)

Verify that the top edge of top rails or equivalent guardrail system members is 42 inches ± 3 inches above the walking/working level.

Verify that all Guardrail systems are capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 lb applied within 2 inches of the top edge, in any outward or downward direction, at any point along the top edge.

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APPENDIX E

Lifeline Requirements - 29 CFR 1926.502(d) (7) to (d) (14)

Verify that horizontal lifelines are designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system that maintains a safety factor of at least 2.

Verify that ropes and straps (webbing) used in lanyards, lifelines, and strength components of body belts and body harnesses are made from synthetic fibers.

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APPENDIX F

Fall Protection ProgramTraining Record

The following employees have been trained to recognize fall hazards and to use appropriate fall-protection systems and methods to minimize exposure to the hazards.

Name of Employee Date of Training Trainer’s Signature

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APPENDIX G

Fall Protection Systems Checklist

Use this checklist to identify the fall-protection system training each worker received at your worksite. Name of Employee

Fall Protection System Training ReceivedN/A Installatio

nMaintenance

Inspection Disassembly

Guardrail systemsPersonal fall-arrest systemsSafety net systemsControlled access zonesRoof bracketsCoversFences and barricadesSafety monitoring systems

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APPENDIX H

CALS Agricultural Animal Worker and Researcher Site-Dedicated Clothing Policy – May 23, 2005

Policy Principles to Comply with Agricultural Animal Care and Use Guide1. Provision of well-described garbing standards for each area.2. Identification of designated locations for putting on and removing

required apparel.3. Maintenance of adequate stocks of required clothing items.4. Provision of training for all those with access to the facility.5. Definition of situations that require re-garbing.6. Inclusion of consequences for non-compliance.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that clothing items are not vectors of disease transmission into or out of university animal facilities and that animal caretakers have safe, functional clothing with a professional, well-kept appearance. This policy applies to faculty, staff, postdoctoral and graduate students, and student employees who enter CALS’ animal facilities (termed “working visitors”), as well as to the animal caretakers who regularly work in these facilities. Personnel are required to change clothes worn while working with animals before leaving the workplace and prior to entering the public or private sector.

Clothing items that come into direct contact with university animals are to be stored and worn in work areas as stipulated by the animal unit’s biosecurity policy. Employees whose homes are located on an Agricultural Research Station should consider their home to be a component of the station, and degarbing and garbing is expected to occur outside of the family living area of the home. Employees who live off-station are expected to garb upon arriving at their work area and before beginning to work. Degarbing must occur before an employee leaves their work area or travels beyond the bounds of the areas encompassed by the biosecurity policy (e.g., specific buildings, barns, pastures within a unit). Employees will be aware of a designated onsite area for garbing and degarbing; working visitors to animal units will also use site-designated areas for garbing and degarbing. For service-provided clothing, each animal unit will have specified areas for storage of clean clothes and collection of dirty clothes. Each employee will have a locker for storage of personal items during the workday, and additional space will be available for working visitors.

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Departments will provide animal caretaker employees with the major clothing items (shirts, pants, scrubs, or coveralls) that come into contact with animals. A sufficient number of changes of shirts, pants, and outerwear will be provided so that each employee can maintain a well-kept appearance. Employees are expected to exercise good judgment in determining the frequency of their clothing changes to control laundry service expense, which will be monitored by the supervising manager in each work area. Any personal clothing used at the work site can either be laundered at on-site facilities or should be transported from the work site in provided plastic bags for home laundering (in loads separate from other personal clothes). Undergarments such as T-shirts, long underwear, socks and clothing worn under coveralls are to be provided by the employee, and since they do not come into direct contact with animals, are to be laundered by the employee.

Site-dedicated footwear such as overshoes or rubber boots will be accessible to be worn over employee footwear. If an individual chooses to use his/her own footwear without use of the provided overshoes/boots, that footwear must remain at the work site at the end of the workday.

Working visitors are to provide all of their clothing items. (Note that coveralls or lab coats may be provided at some facilities, where they are either laundered on-site or by contracted service.) When arriving at the animal unit working area, working visitors are to be wearing clean clothes that have been laundered following their last contact with animals. When working visitors are involved in work episodes that last longer than a day, they may leave their animal contact clothing accessible at the appropriate animal unit in areas designated for their use. As necessary to maintain a high standard of personal cleanliness, these clothes must be laundered; clothing worn by working visitors in direct contact with animals should be transported from the worksite in provided plastic bags, and should be laundered at home in a load separate from other personal clothing. Working visitors may provide their own washable footwear; e.g. rubber boots, or must use disposable plastic boots. Working visitors in their garb will be allowed to move about as prescribed by a unit’s biosecurity policy.

Animal caretaker employee clothing provided to the employee by his/her department through a uniform service will generally be laundered and maintained by that contracted service. Standard warm-weather or indoor clothing, such as shirts and pants, will be provided by the laundry service. Cold-weather wear for animal caretakers with outdoor duties may be provided

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as specified by respective departments and will be laundered by the uniform service if service-provided, or laundered on-site if department-owned. Clothing items purchased by a department are not eligible for use away from departmental work areas.

The supervising manager in each animal unit will be responsible for informing and training employees and working visitors with regard to work clothing. The cleanliness of employees and working visitors will comply with the standards of the supervising manager in the respective work area, and the supervising manager may insist on compliance before their animal work begins. Issue arising with interpretation or enforcement of this policy should be brought to the CALS Compliance Specialist, who will consult with the CALS Animal Care and Use Committee or other appropriate committees as necessary.

Professionals visiting facilities to service machinery, to address building maintenance and physical plant needs, etc., are deemed exempt from clothing policy directives, though disposable plastic boots are still required.

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APPENDIX I

West Madison Site-Dedicated Clothing Policy

A. WMARS staff that come into direct contact with university animals or animal manure must change into site-dedicated clothes upon arrival and remove them before leaving the workplace.

B. Coveralls, nitrile type protective gloves, and overshoes will be provided for WMARS staff. Footwear coming in contact with animals or animal manure without provided overshoes must either be sanitized before and after working or must remain at the work site.

C. All WMARS staff must wear overshoes and coveralls when hauling animals or working with animal manure; this includes manure hauling and spreading of manure on station fields.

D. A locker room for storage of all clothing and overshoes is located in the Shop of WMARS headquarters. A bathroom for changing clothes is located in this same facility.

E. WMARS employees will be given 5 minutes for changing into site-dedicated clothes before beginning their work assignment, and 5 minutes upon completion of any of the following activities: hauling animals, hauling manure and spreading manure on station fields. Changing time cannot result in the accrual of overtime.

F. Clean clothing and storage for soiled clothing will be housed in the locker room.

G. Locker space will be assigned to each WMARS employee and can be locked with a padlock provided by WMARS if the employee wishes.

H. All West Madison-provided clothing must remain at the station and may not be worn or carried home.

I. A washer and dryer for laundering clothing items not handled by the uniform services are located in the Shop at WMARS.

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J. The above policy applies to faculty, other university staff, and students who may work with animal manure at the WMARS.

K. Working visitors are to provide all of their own clothing items and must change their clothes before they leave the station. Plastic bags to transport these clothes will be available at the WMARS Main Office. The changing facilities specified above will be available to working visitors for their use.

L. The University of Wisconsin West Madison ARS believes compliance to this clothing policy is a top priority. We also believe adherence to this policy will help to keep our employees and animals in the healthiest possible environment by ensuring that our clothing items are not vectors of disease. For this reason, we must enforce this policy and state that failure to follow the policy could result in discipline.

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APPENDIX J

West Madison Agricultural Research StationStandard Operating Procedures for Trailer Cleaning and Disinfecting

Effective September 1, 2006

1. Remove all animal manure and bedding from the trailer before beginning the sanitation process. All waste should be disposed of in compost piles on the Station.

2. Trailer and truck should be power washed using industrial power washer in WMARS shop.

3. Use hot water for all cleaning procedures.

4. Following the above procedures, a premixed solution of Nolvasan* must be sprayed on trailer. If truck and trailer has been to location outside of campus or research facilities, truck tires must be sprayed with Nolvasan. Keep surfaces of trailer wet for approximately 10 minutes.

5. When sanitizing the trailer and truck, all personnel must wear the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): long sleeved shirt, long pants, socks, waterproof boots, and rubber gloves.

6. Record sanitation in record book located in shop office.

7. The concentrated Nolvasan Solution must be stored in the parts room. The diluted spray solution in hand pump sprayer must be stored in the chain link enclosure in the shop. All containers must be marked with appropriate labels.

8. For questions on any part of the procedure or for securing additional Nolvasan concentrate, please contact the station superintendent or assistant superintendent or the college’s veterinarian.

* Nolvasan Solution Preparation: Mix 1 oz of Nolvasan concentrate in 1 gallon of water. Nolvasan has been recommended by the CALS Veterinarian for sanitizing truck and trailer.

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APPENDIX K

Recommended Area Allowance in TransportationAccommodations for Groups of Animals Used in

Agricultural Research and Teaching

SPECIES AVERAGE BODY WT. (LB) TRAILER SIZES

24' x 7'

(Ft2) 168 ft2

Cattle 200 3.5 48.000

(Calves) 300 4.8 35.000400 6.4 26.250600 8.5 19.765

Hornless (Ft2)

Cattle 800 10.4 16.154(manure fed cows and steers) 1000 12.0 14.000

1200 14.5 11.5861400 18.0 9.333

SummerSwine 100 3.0 56.000

200 4.0 42.000250 5.0 33.600300 6.0 28.000400 7.0 24.000

Full FleeceSheep 60 2.2 76.364

80 2.6 64.615100 3.0 56.000120 3.4 49.412

Dimensions AreaHorses 2.3 x 8.2 18.8 8.936

Foals < 6 months 3.3 x 5.4 15.1 11.126

Young Horses 2 x 6.6 12.9 13.023Adults>24 mo 3.9 x 6.6 25.8 6.512

Recommended Area Allowance in Transportation Accommodations for Groups of Animals Used in Agricultural Research and Teaching     Adapted from data of Grandin (1981, 1991, 1992, 1993) and Cregier (1982).

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APPENDIX L

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APPENDIX M

SAFETY TRAINING AND AWARENESS CHECKLISTUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

College of Agriculture and Life SciencesAgricultural Research Stations

Year: Station Name/Location:

Employee Name

Employee Signature

Date

1. REQUIRED AAALAC TRAINING (all animal workers)

TRAINING /ENROLLMENT COMPLETED AND DOCUMENTATION ON FILE

EMPLOYEE INITIAL

SUPERVISOR INITIAL DATE

RARC Orientation

Occupational Health Training

Occupational Health Enrollment

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2. REQUIRED SAFETY TRAINING & AWARENESS (ALL WORKERS) Training requirement is dependent on job duties. If not required, enter N/A in employee initial box.

TRAINING/TESTING COMPLETED AND DOCUMENTATION ON FILE

EMPLOYEE INITIAL

SUPERVISOR INITIAL DATE

Emergency Response Plan awareness

Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT)

Worker Protection Standard training (WPS)

Confined space entry training

Respirator fit training & testingHazardous communication program(MSDS & hazardous materials)Lockout/tagout training

Fall protection training

Commercial Driver License (CDL)

CDL drug testing

Farm equipment road safety rules training

Fork lift training

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3. RECOMMENDED SAFETY TRAINING & AWARENESS (ALL WORKERS) Training/awareness is dependent on job duties. If not applicable, enter N/A in employee initial box. Extra spaces are provided for any additional training employee may complete.

REVIEW OR TRAINING/TESTING COMPLETED AND DOCUMENTATION ON FILE

EMPLOYEE INITIAL DATE

General shop safety guidelines

Equipment operations safety guidelines

Safety Instructions for power equipment

Feed mill safety guidelines

Anhydrous ammonia safety guidelines

Irrigation safety guidelines

Greenhouse safety guidelines

Lab safety guidelines

Building ventilation & air quality safety training

CPR training/certification

Chain saw safety training

Electrical safety training

First aid training

Hearing test

RBC Cholinesterase test

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4. PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT/SUPPLIESRequirement is dependent on job duties. If not applicable, enter N/A in employee initial box.

EQUIPMENT IS PROVIDED, OR EMPLOYEE IS AWARE OF LOCATION(S)

EMPLOYEE INITIAL DATE

Eye protection

Hearing protection

Safety toe shoes

Chemical eyewash stations & showers

Hazardous spill containment & cleanup

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