Turtle Dissection. Scientists believe other land vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA · Primitive jawed fish . Plated, bony jawed fish . Bony jawed fish ....
Transcript of UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA · Primitive jawed fish . Plated, bony jawed fish . Bony jawed fish ....
GY 112: Earth History
Lectures 22, 23: Paleozoic Overview & the
Cambrian Explosion
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
Last time (before Spring Break)…
Proterozoic Fossils 1) Eukaryotes (Acritarchs) 2) Metazoans (Ediacarin Fauna)
(web notes 21)
Proterozoic Fossils
During the Archean, we saw the rise of the prokaryotes: •Small •No nucleus •DNA spread throughout the cell •Asexual reproduction •Could only be single-celled
Proterozoic Fossils
During the Proterozoic, something wonderful happens: the rise of the eukaryotes: •Larger (>0.06 mm) •A nucleus and organelles •DNA contained within the nucleus •Sexual reproduction •Could be multi-celled (metazoans)
Proterozoic Fossils
The first eukaryotes appeared around 2 GA. Acritarchs were small, single celled silica beasties that floated in the oceans (pelagic). They peaked in abundance at 750 MA and then went away…
0.1mm
Proterozoic Fossils
They are known as the Ediacarin Fauna And they are found around the world
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences
http://www.snowballearth.org/end.html
Proterozoic Fossils
More likely, severe environmental changes drives evolutionary adaptation. We need bad things to happen in order to evolve.
Today’s Agenda Paleozoic Overview
1) Time Frame 2) World Paleogeography
3) Key Tectonic events
(web notes 22, 23)
The Cambrian Explosion 1) Why a Cambrian “explosion”
2) Introducing our ancestors (GY 112 lab stuff)
Phanerozoic Time Frame
Eon Time Phanerozoic 550 MA to 0 MA Proterozoic 2.5 GA to 550 MA Archean 4.1 GA to 2.5 GA Hadean 4.6 GA to 4.1 GA
Phan
eroz
oic
Era Years Cenozoic (0 to 65 MA)
Mesozoic (65 to 245 MA)
Paleozoic (245 to 550 MA)
Phan
eroz
oic
Phanerozoic Time Frame
Paleozoic Time Frame Era Period
Paleozoic
Permian (245 to 286 MA)
Pennsylvanian (286 to 320 MA)
Mississippian (320 to 362 MA)
Devonian (362 to 418 MA)
Silurian (418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician (441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian (505 to 550 MA)
Neo- Proterozoic
American System
Paleozoic Time Frame Era Period
Paleozoic
Permian (245 to 286 MA)
Pennsylvanian (286 to 320 MA)
Mississippian (320 to 362 MA)
Devonian (362 to 418 MA)
Silurian (418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician (441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian (505 to 550 MA)
Neo- Proterozoic
American System
Era Period
Paleozoic
Permian (245 to 286 MA)
Carboniferous
(286 to 362 MA)
Devonian (362 to 418 MA)
Silurian (418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician (441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian (505 to 550 MA)
Neo- Proterozoic
World System
Paleozoic Time Frame Era Period
Paleozoic
Permian (245 to 286 MA)
Pennsylvanian (286 to 320 MA)
Mississippian (320 to 362 MA)
Devonian (362 to 418 MA)
Silurian (418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician (441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian (505 to 550 MA)
Neo- Proterozoic
Ediacaran (600 to 550 Ma)
American System
Era Period
Paleozoic
Permian (245 to 286 MA)
Carboniferous
(286 to 362 MA)
Devonian (362 to 418 MA)
Silurian (418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician (441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian (505 to 550 MA)
Neo- Proterozoic
Ediacaran (600 to 550 Ma)
World System
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Laurentia
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic video insert
Period North America Europe Asia/Gondwanna
Permian Alleghenian Orogeny* (SE)
Hercynian Orogeny Ural Orogeny
Pensylvannian
Mississippian Ouachita Orogeny (S) Ouachita equivalent (South America)
Devonian Acadian Orogeny* (E) Antler Orogeny (W)
Caledonian Orogeny
Silurian
Ordovician Taconic Orogeny* (NE)
Cambrian Broad deformation (Southern Gondwanna)
Paleozoic Tectonics (Key World Events)
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion…
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion… …more of a shift…
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion… …more of a shift… to hard body parts
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
The Cambrian Explosion
The Cambrian Explosion
The Cambrian Explosion
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
What we know about the early development of all of the current phyla is limited to sites where we have lots of beasties preserved
The Cambrian Explosion
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
What we know about the early development of all of the current phyla is limited to sites where we have lots of beasties preserved
Burgess Shale Fauna
Chengjiang Fauna
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
Burgess Shale Site
The Burgess Shale
Burgess Shale Site
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
Pikaia gracilens (phylum: Chordata)
http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Public/models/pikaia/pikaia.gif
The Burgess Shale
Hallucigenia sparsa (phylum: Arthropoda)
http://www.karencarr.com/Images/Gallery/2004_gallery_hallucigenia.jpg
http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/biology/animals/burgess/phallu.html
The Burgess Shale
Anomalocaris canadensis (phylum: Arthropoda?)
(Proto-Arthropod; Problematica) http://www.search4dinosaurs.com/burgess_shale.jpg
Limb
The Burgess Shale
Anomalocaris canadensis (phylum: Arthropoda?)
(Proto-Arthropod; Problematica) http://www.search4dinosaurs.com/burgess_shale.jpg
Jaws http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science
http://home.earthlink.net/~airdpacoima/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/burgess__s.jpg
The Burgess Shale
Paleozoic Life Forms
Your Responsibilities
Reminder: You are going to have to become familiar with some of the major fossil groups (AKA Taxonomy).
Your Responsibilities
Know the stuff in bold text for the lab test This chart is on line (there is no need to write everything down!)
Phylum Sub-divisions Common names Age Ranges
Porifera Sponges Cambrian-Recent
Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Zoantharia Subclass: Tabulata Subclass: Rugosa
Corals & Anemones Scleratinian corals Tabulate corals Rugose (horn) corals
Triassic-Recent Cambrian-Permian Ordovician-Permian
Bryozoa Bryozoans Ordovician-Recent
Brachiopoda Class: Inarticulata Class: Articulata
Inarticulate brachiopods Articulate brachiopods
Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent
Arthropoda Subphylum: Trilobita Subphylum: Crustacea Subphylum: Unirama Class: Myriapoda Class: Hexapoda Class: Arachnidea
Trilobite crabs, lobsters etc. millipedes, centipedes Insects Spiders
Cambrian-Permian Cambrian-Recent Mississippian-Recent Devonian-Recent Devonian-Recent
Know the stuff in bold text for the Final lab test
Phylum Sub-divisions Common names Age Ranges
Mollusca Class: Amphineura Class: Scaphopoda Class: Gastropoda Class: Bivalvia Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautiloidea Order: Ammonoidea Order: Belemnoidea Order: Octopoda
chitons tusk shells snails bivalves (clam shells) Nautiloids Ammonites Belemnites Octopi
Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent Cambrian-Recent Dev.-Cretaceous Miss.-Early Tertiary
Echinodermata Class: Asteroidea Class: Echinoidea Class: Crinoidea Class: Blastoidea Class: Cystoidea
Starfish Urchin, biscuit, dollar crinoids blastoids cystoids
Ordovician-Recent Ordovician-Recent Cambrian-Recent Silurian-Permian Cambrian-Devonian
Hemichordata Class: Graptolithina Order: Graptoloidea Order: Dendroidea
graptolites dendroids
Cambrian-M. Ordovician-Silurian Cambrian-M.
Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Agnatha Class: Acanthodii Class Placodermi Class: Osteichthyes Class: Chondrichthyes Class: Amphibia Class: Reptilia Subclass: Anapsida Subclass: Synapsida Subclass: Lepidosauria Subclass: Archosauria Class: Aves Class: Mammalia
(Chordates with bones) jawless fish Primitive jawed fish Plated, bony jawed fish Bony jawed fish Sharks and rays Amphibians Reptiles includes turtles mammal-like reptiles Lizards and snakes dinosaurs & crocodiles Birds mammals
Cambrian-Recent Silurian-Permian Silurian-Devonian Silurian-Recent Devonian-Recent Devonian-Recent Mississippian-Recent Mississippian-Recent Penn.-Jurassic Permian-Recent Triassic-Recent Jurassic-Recent Triassic-Recent
Today’s Homework 1. Study!
Next Time Lecture Test 2
GY 112: Earth History
Lectures 22, 23: Paleozoic Overview/ Cambrian Explosion
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.