University of Minnesota Duluth Introduction to Job Hazard Analysis Assessing Risk & Eliminating...
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University of Minnesota Duluth
Introduction toJob Hazard Analysis
Assessing Risk &
Eliminating Hazards
Prepared by: Mahjoub Labyad, MISEnvironmental Health and Safety Office
218-726-7273
IntroductionIntroduction
All workers are entitled to a safe and healthy work environments. (OSH Act of 1970)
The general public is also entitled to a safe, clean, and healthy living environment. Environmental Regulations (RCRA, Clean Air, Clean Water Acts)
Requirement
OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910.132 & 1910.138 require employers to complete job hazard assessments (JHAs) for the tasks their employees perform. Under this standard, employers are required to certify in writing that they have assessed the work place to determine if hazards, are present or likely to be present, that would require installation of engineering controls, personal protective equipment (PPE), or that would necessitate medical monitoring, or other requirements such as fit testing for respirator use, and vaccines etc.
How to achieve a safe workplace
Conducting a Risk Assessment in the workplace(laboratory, shop, studio, etc) is the first step toward ensuring that workers and visitors (including students) are provided a healthy and safe working environment free from recognized hazards.
A thorough Risk Assessment will also ensure a safe external (outside the workplace) environment. (Grain silos, Hazmat, Infectious..)
What is Risk
The probability, or likelihood that an adverse event will occur during which:
A worker will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect when exposed to a hazard, or
an organization (employer) will sustain property damage, equipment loss, and therefore an economical setback.
[Risk is the Chance of Loss!]
What is Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is any planned action taken to identify hazards or hazardous conditions andto measure the chance that something will happen because of the identified hazard
Risk assessment is the process where you: 1. identify hazards, 2. analyze or evaluate the risk associated with
that hazard, and 3. determine appropriate ways to eliminate or
control the hazard.
What is a Job Hazard Analysis?
A technique to identify hazards, and prevents accidents before they occur.
It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, the work environment and resulting consequences.
When all uncontrolled hazards and resulting effects/harm are identified, safe SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) summarizing steps to be taken to eliminate/reduce hazards to an acceptable risk level will be implemented.
In General
A Job Hazard Analysis is an important
incident prevention tool that works by
finding hazards and eliminating or
minimizing them before the job is
performed.
What is a Hazard?
• Any source with the potential to cause damage, harm, or adverse (health) effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
• The adverse effect or harm is caused to individuals as (health effects), or to organizations as (property damage, or equipment loss).
A hazard is the potential for harm!
Hazard Types • Biological - bacteria, viruses, insects, plants,
birds, animals, and humans, etc.,
• Chemical - depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of the chemical.
• Ergonomic - repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, etc.,
• Physical - radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, etc,
• Psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.,
• Safety - slipping/tripping hazards, lack of machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns
Examples of Hazards and Their EffectsWorkplace
Hazard SourceHazard
Examples of theHarm Caused
Equipment Needle/Knife/Blade Needle stick/Cuts
Substance Benzene Cancer: Leukemia
Material Asbestos Cancer: Mesothelioma
Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process/Practice
WeldingHarmful fumes, loud noises
fire, glaring light..
Metal fume fever Fire
Practice/ProcessRock mining/sand
blasting/SiliconCancer/ Silicosis
Human Bacteria Tuberculosis (TB)
Cigarette SmokeLung cancer/
Emphysema
Other Examples of Hazards
• Noise levels (>85 dBA 8 hr TWA) that result in hearing damage or inability to communicate safety-critical information.
• Struck By Accelerated object that strikes the body causing injury or death. (Examples are falling objects and Accelerated projectiles.)
• Fire Harm to individuals, or Damage to property
How to identify hazards?
• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How likely is it that harm will occur?
• Where it is happening (environment)?
• Who or what it is happening to (exposure)?
• What precipitates the hazard (triggers)?
• Are there other contributing factors?
How are Appropriate Preventive Measures Determined?
Eliminating the hazard : Through engineering controls, such as increasing ventilation Product substitution, or (using les toxic materials) Changing equipment or tools.
Containing the hazard Separating the employee from the hazard with enclosures, guards,
booths, etc.
Administrative measures Revising work procedures, (changing the sequence of steps or
adding steps, such as lockout/ tagout). Retraining employees Hazard Assessment
Choosing Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (This is the least effective control measure, and should be used only if
other solutions are not possible)
Job Hazard Analysis
Further Information on Job Hazard Analysis may be obtained from Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) Booklet
with the same title “Job Hazard Analysis”
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.pdf