UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI RESEARCH COMPENDIUM · UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI RESEARCH COMPENDIUM Research...
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UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI RESEARCH COMPENDIUM
Research Title Use of some plant extracts for the
management of cercospora leaf spot of
groundnut in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G. and Bdliya1, B. S.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Research Journal of science, Vol. 11(1&2) 57
– 68.Published by Faculty of Science,
University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2005
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field experiment was conducted at the
Teaching and Research Farm of the
Department Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri during 2003 cropping season, to
evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts for
the management of Cercospora leaf spot
diseases of groundnut. The plant extract were
obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed
, garlic(Allium sativum) clove, onion (Allium
cepa) blub, ginger (Zingiber officinale)
rhizome and pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves.
Unsprayed plots and plots sprayed with
Ridomil 75WP served as checks. Three
spraying regime (R1, R2 &R3) were also used.
The experiment was laid out in a strip plot
design with three replication. Results obtained
show that spraying with the plant extract
significantly reduced Cercospora leaf spot
disease and increase yield parameters
compared to the control. Spray regimes also
had significant effect on Cercospora leaf spot
disease incidence and severity, seed yield, pod
yield, shelling percentage, 100 seed weight and
haulm yield, compared to the control.
Treatment with neem seed extract at three
spray regime recorded the lowest incidence and
severity, though not significantly different
from treatment with Ridomil (check) .
Compared to the control an increase of 30.47%
seed yield was recorded with neem seed extract
treatment. The results of the study showed that
treatment with neem seed extracts at three
spray regimes gave a better control of
Cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut in
the Sudan savanna
Research impacts
Research Title Levels of variability in groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea L) to cercospora leaf disease-
implication for selection.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
A.U. Izge1, Z. H. Mohammed2 & G.Alkali2 .
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Production, University
of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.
2 (4) 182- 186. Published by Academic
Journals, Available online at
http:/www.academicjournals.org/AJAR
Year of Publication 2007
Source of funding Self
Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an
important crop both in subsistence and
commercial agriculture in arid and semi-arid
regions of the World. Leaf spot diseases caused
by fungus have been a major destructive
disease of groundnut and could cause a yield
loss of up to 50% or more. A two- year
experiment was conducted during the cropping
seasons of 2002 and 2003 at the Faculty of
Agriculture Research Farm, University of
Maiduguri, Nigeria. The objective of the study
was t determine the reaction of different
groundnut varieties to cercospora leaf spot
disease to create basis for selection for
cercospora leaf spot disease tolerance. The
experiment consisted of twenty four groundnut
varieties, laid out in a randomized complete
block design (RCBD) with three replications.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated
highly significant difference among the
groundnut varieties in all studied. The results
indicated that ICGV-SM-93531, ICGV-IS-
96802, ICGV-IS-96827 and ICGV-IS- 96808
had the lowest cercospora leaf spot incidence.
The variety ICGV-IS-96808 that produced the
highest kernel yield also had the the lowest
days to 50% flowering and incidentally is
among varieties that recorded the lowest leaf
spot incidence. The study found tremendous
level of variability existing among the
groundnut varieties that is essential in crop
improvement. This study recommends that
development or selection of tolerant varieties
to leaf spot should be based on their level of
incidence. This will be the only effective
measure in decreasing production costs and
protect the environment from pollution.
Potential therefore exist for selection among
the groundnut varieties evaluated for
cercospora leaf spot disease tolerance. There is
however, a need to undertake further studies in
order to determine the type and the number of
genes controlling cercospora leaf spot disease
tolerance in groundnut for enhanced breeding
strategies.
Keywards: Groundnut, leaf spot, tolerance,
selection, breeding strategy.
Research impacts
Research Title Cost- benefit of using some plant extracts in
controlling cercospora leaf spot of
groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Bdliya1, B. S. and Alkali1, G.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant
Protection. Vol. 43,(1) 95 – 104. Published by
Taylor &Francis Group, Mortimer House, 37-41
Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK, available
online at http://www.informaworld.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400701722129
Year of Publication 2008
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate the
economics of controlling cercospora leaf spot
of groundnut using different plant extracts. The
experiments were laid out in a completely
randomized block design (CRDB) with three
replications at the Teaching and Research farm
of the Department of Crop Protection,
University of Maiduguri, Sudan savanna of
Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003 cropping
seasons. Five plant extracts, namely, neem
seed, garlic clove, onion bulb, ginger rhizome
and pawpaw leaf extracts and a fungicide
ridomil were applied as foliar sprays while the
controls were left untreated. The application of
the plant extracts led to about 3–10% reduction
in the disease incidence and 10–15% reduction
in disease severity and gave higher seed and
haulm yields than the control. Ridomil gave
about 16% reduction in disease incidence and
19% reduction in disease severity. The cost-
benefit analysis revealed positive returns
per hectare from use of the plant extracts for
controlling the disease in the study area.
Application of neem seed extract, for instance,
gave 43.82% seed yield increase over the
control which translated into a mean (two
years) net profit of N198 730.56 Nigerian
Naira equivalent to $1987.31 per hectare. Even
the least effective of the plant extracts (ginger
rhizome) gave seed yield increase of 24.17%
over the control which translated into a mean
(two years) net profit of N167 247.00
equivalent to $1672.47 per hectare for the two
seasons. The control gave mean net profit of
N134,121.21 equivalent to $1341.21 per
hectare which is lower than those realized from
the plant extracts. The profit from the sell of
haulms which is an additional income to the
farmer amounted to N50 944.56, equivalent to
$509.45 per hectare following application of
neem seed extract. These returns are attractive
particularly to the farmers in the study area
who grow the high yielding, cercospora
susceptible Ex-Dakar groundnut variety.
Keywords: groundnut; cercospora leaf spot;
plant extracts; control; cost-benefit
analysis
Research impacts
Research Title Efficacy of some plant extracts in the
management of cercospora leaf spot of
groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Bdliya1, B. S. and Alkali1, G..
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant
Protection. Vol. 43, (5) 507 – 518. Published
by Taylor &Francis Group, Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK,
available online at
http://www.informaworld.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400701875661
Year of Publication 2010
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field trails were conducted to evaluate the
efficacy of neem seed, garlic clove, onion bulb,
ginger rhizome and pawpaw leaf extracts
applied as foliar spray in controlling
cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan
savanna of Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003
cropping seasons. Ridomil was used as a
positive check while the control was left
untreated. Three spray regimes ( once, twice
and thrice) were evaluated A strip plot design
with three replications was used in setting up
the experiments Ex-Dakar, a cercospora leaf
spot susceptible Spanish Valencia groundnut
variety, was used as planting material . All the
plant extracts reduced the incidence and
severity of cercospora leaf spot in both seasons
compared to the untreated crops. However,
neem seed and garlic clove extracts
significantly reduced the incidence and
severity of the disease compared to the other
plant extracts. Ridomil was more effective in
controlling the disease than the plant extracts.
Three sprays with the plant extracts gave better
control of the disease than one or two sprays in
the season. The highest seed yield of 3115
kg/ha. And 3311 kg/ha. In 2002 and 2003,
respectively, were obtained with neem seed
extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of
2134 kg/ha. And 2334 kg/ha. In 2002 and
2003, respectively. Were recorded from the
untreated crops. Also the highest seed yield of
3124 kg/ha. And 3418 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003,
respectively were obtained following three
sprays compared to 2523 kg/ha. And 2641
kg/ha. For one spray in 2002 and 2003,
respectively and 2840 kg/ha. And 3085 kg/ha
for two sprays in 2002 and 2003, respectively.
The highest haulm yield of 4121 kg/ha and
4089 kg/ha. In 2002 and 2003 respectively
were also obtained following treatment with
neem seed extract. The lowest haulm yield of
2951 kg/ha. And 3045 kg/ha. In 2002 and
2003, respectively, were recorded from the
control. Three sprays gave higher haulm yield
(4265 kg/ha and 4279 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003,
respectively) than one and two sprays in the
season. Neem seed extract could therefore be
used to control cercospora leaf spot and to
improve groundnut production in the Sudan
savanna of Nigeria.
Keywords: groundut, cercospora leaf spot,
plant extracts, Sudan savanna, Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Field incidence of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus
(RYMV) genus Sobemovirus and insect
vector population dynamics on Rice (Oryza
sativa L.) in the Northern Guinea Savanna
of Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Biological and Environmental Sciences
Journal for Tropics. Vol. 9 (1) 74- 78.
Published by Department of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bayero
University, P.M.B.3011, Kano, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2012
Source of funding Self
Abstract The effect of some aspects of climatic factors
on vector population and Rice yellow mottle
virus (RYMV) genus Sobemovirus incidence
was studied in field experiments over a two
year period (2008-2009) at Sayen Gobirawa,
Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The
experiment was laid out in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three
replicates. The experimental materials
consisted of ten rice cultivars: FARO 11,
FARO 35, FARO 36, FARO 37, FARO 44,
FARO 46, FARO 52, FARO 57,
MOROBEREKAN (resistant check) and
BOUAKE 189 (susceptible check). Insect
vectors caught included Locris rubra
Fabricius, Chnootriba similis Thunberg,
Conocephalus sp., Oxya hyla Stal. and
Chaetocnema sp. in 2008 wet season in order
of abundance. The insect vectors recorded in
2009 wet season included L. rubra, O. hyla,
Chaetocnema sp., Trichispa sericea Guerin, C.
similis and Conocephalus sp. in order of
abundance. Significant positive correlations
were obtained between RYMV incidence and
Locris rubra and also Chaetocnema sp., age of
plant at infection and C. similis, Chaetocnema
sp., L. rubra and O. hyla .Similarly significant
correlation were observed between mean
sunshine hours and T. sericea. Significant
negative correlations were obtained between
mean temperature and relative humidity,
RYMV incidence and mean temperature, and
also with age of plant at infection. Among the
rice cultivars BOUAKE 189, FARO 36, FARO
44 and FARO 52 had the highest incidence of
RYMV disease compared to the rice cultivars
MOROBEREKAN, FARO 11, FARO 35,
FARO 37, FARO 46 and FARO 57. RYMV
incidence was higher in 2008 than in 2009 wet
season. RYMV incidence is closely associated
with vector population dynamics which in turn,
is influenced by climatic factors.
Keywords: Rice yellow mottle virus,
incidence, insect vectors, correlation and
climatic factors
Research impacts
Research Title Diversity of Serological Profiles of Rice
Yellow Mottle Virus Isolates in Northern
Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Biological and Environmental Sciences
Journal for the Tropics. Vol. 9 (3) 168 -173.
Published by Department of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bayero
University, P.M.B.3011, Kano, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2012
Source of funding Self
Abstract Serological diversity of 135 Rice yellow mottle
virus (RYMV) isolates were determined by
Triple antibody sandwich enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) test using
four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised
against the Nigeria isolate of the virus. These
RYMV isolates were obtained from hotspots or
endemic areas in Northern Nigeria. Six
serological profiles or sero-groups (Sert) were
identified based on their reaction patterns with
a panel of MAbs (Sert A to F) in the study.
Serotypes (Sert) B, D & E isolates were
identified in Borno state, Sert A, B & C
isolates in Gombe state, Sert A & B isolates in
Kaduna state, Sert A, B & F isolates in Kano
state, Sert A & F isolates in Niger state, Sert A,
D & F isolates in Sokoto state and Sert A, D &
E isolates in Zamfara state. The high
serological profiles of RYMV in the northern
part of the country, suggest the possible
existence of different strains of the pathogen in
northern Nigeria. This information could be
useful in rice breeding programmes aimed at
the deployment of RYMV resistant cultivars to
different rice cropping systems and localities in
northern Nigeria.
Keyword: Serological profiles, Rice yellow
mottle virus, monoclonal antibodies, Northern
Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Effect of Weather Factors and Rice cultivars
on Incidence and Severity of Rice Yellow
Mottle Virus and Insect vector population in
north western Nigeria
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Journal of Arid Agriculture Vol.21, 101-108.
Published by Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2012
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Bomo,
Zaria in the northern guinea savanna during the
2008 and 2009 wet seasons, to investigate the
relationship between some weather factors,
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus
Sobemovirus incidence and vector populations.
The treatments consists of ten rice cultivars;
FARO 11, FARO 35, FARO 36, FARO 37,
FARO 44, FARO 46, FARO 52, FARO 57,
MOROBEREKAN (resistant check) and
BOUAKE 189 (susceptible check). The
experiments were laid out in a randomized
complete block design, replicated three times.
Results showed that rice cultivars BOUAKE
189, FARO 44, FARO 52, FARO 36 and
FARO 35 had relatively significant incidence
of RYMV, followed in descending order by
FARO 57, FARO 37, FARO 11, FARO 46 and
MOROBEREKAN. Significant positive
correlations were obtained for the following:
incidence of RYMV and number of
Chaetocnema spp., Locris rubra Fabricius.,
Cheilomenes spp., Zonocerus variegatus L.
caught per week, mean temperature and
rainfall. Similarly, a significant negative
correlation was obtained between the following
factors: Age of plant at infection and RYMV
incidence, Chaetocnema spp., Chnootriba
similis Thunberg, Trichispa sericea Guerin,
and L. rubra caught per week. Oxya spp. and
mean rainfall, and L. rubra and mean
temperature. Generally, periods of high
incidence of insect vectors coincided with
periods of high RYMV incidence and vice
versa. Further studies on the effect of weather
factors and plant host on the dynamics of
insect vectors and RYMV incidence are
necessary to provide more information on the
epidemiology of the virus in Nigeria
Keywords: RYMV, cultivars, weather factors
and vectors population
Research impacts
Research Title First Report of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus
Genus Sobemovirus in Borno State, Nigeria,
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Applied
etc, vol. page Nos.) Biology. Vol. 15: 87-91. Published by
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty
of Science, University of Maiduguri,
P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2014
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field survey was carried out on the shore and
along river Alau in Komduga local government
area, an important rice growing area in Borno
state, Nigeria. Serological studies of some rice
varieties and weed host of RYMV; Oryza
longistaminata, Panicum sp. and Cyperus
rotundus tested positive to RYMV when
subjected to Direct double antibody sandwich
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(DAS-
ELISA). Three serological profiles (Sep) were
identified (Sep A, Sep B and Sep C), when the
positive isolates were assessed by Triple
antibody sandwich enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA).
Molecular characterization of the
representative of three serological profile
isolates revealed higher S1 strain of RYMV in
the study area, when tested using polymerase
chain reaction (PCR). This is the first report
that adds Borno to the list of RYMV endemic
states in Nigeria. This study confirms
speculations that RYMV is present in most
important rice growing areas in Africa. Thus,
periodic disease surveys are prerequisite for
understanding the present status, distribution
and population structure of RYMV isolates
across the important rice growing areas in the
country.
Keywords: Field survey, serological profiles,
RYMV and Borno state, Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Molecular Characterazation and
Distribution of Rice Yellow Mottle
Sobemovirus Isolates in Northern Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Applied
Biology. Vol. 15: 93- 98. Published by
Department of Biological Sciences, University
of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2014
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field surveys were carried out in rice fields
during the wet and dry seasons of 2008 to 2010
for isolates of Rice yellow mottle virus
(RYMV) genus Sobemovirus. Hotspots and
epidemic areas within seven states (Borno,
Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Niger, Sokoto and
Zamfara) were surveyed for the distribution of
RYMV. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was
used in characterizing 35 representatives
RYMV isolates, obtained from 147 serological
profiles of RYMV tested with four monoclonal
antibodies in TAS-ELISA. The results
obtained show that more than two RYMV
strains were apparent after using two pairs of
strain-specific and non-specific (random)
hexamer primers. The distribution of strains
S1, S2 and SX was 60 %, 11.43 % and 28.57
%, respectively in Northern Nigeria. The
frequency of occurrence of strain S1 was 40 %,
17 %, 14 % and 2.86 % in Sudan, Northern
Guinea and Southern Guinea Savannas,
respectively. While strain S2 was 2.86 % in
Northern and Southern Guinea Savanna.
Similarly, 8.57 % and 20 % isolates of strain
SX was recorded in Northern Guinea and
Sudan Savannas, respectively. Strain S2 was
reported for the first time in Nigeria in the
present study. Further studies on a greater
number of isolates, from northern Nigeria
especially where diversity is highest, and on a
larger portion of the isolates are needed to
confirm their significance. More information
on molecular characterization and strain
differentiation of RYMV in Northern Nigeria
will be useful in the identification of strains,
pathogenicity and breeding studies of RYMV
in the country.
Keywords: Molecular characterization,
RYMV distribution, hotspots in Northern
Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Analysis of Serological Variability and
Hierarchical Distribution of Rice Yellow
Mottle Sobemovirus Isolates in Northern
Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
International Letters of Natural Sciences, Vol.
37, 1 – 9. Published by SciPress Ltd.,
Switzerland. Available online @
www.scipress.com. (ID: 213.158.222.22-
17/04/15,22:36:46)
Year of Publication 2015
Source of funding Self
Abstract A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)
was used to study the immunological profile of
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus
Sobemovirus. Serological profiles of 35
representative isolates of RYMV from Borno,
Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Niger, Sokoto and
Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. All the
RYMV isolates were classified into three
major serogroups (SG1, SG2 and SG3) and
further separated into six subgroups (Sg1a,
Sg1b, Sg2a, Sg2b, Sg3a and Sg3b). The results
demonstrate a significant serological variability
among RYMV isolates in Northern Nigeria.
The hierarchical analysis of the serological
profiles data revealed high viral load in Kano,
Kaduna and Gombe states, these show they are
suitable locations for strategic RYMV
diagnostic and field epidemiological studies.
Keywords: RYMV Serological profiles;
Hierarchical analysis; Northern Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Cost – benefit of Differential Rice cultivars
to Rice Yellow Mottle Sobemovirus Isolate
in Northern Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Umar, A. S. S2., Alegbejo3, M. D.,
Kashina3, B. D.and Banwo3, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Agricultural Economics,
University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069,
Maiduguri, Nigeria
3Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email, [email protected]
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Journal of Agricultural Economics,
Environment and Social Sciences, 1(2): 75 -80.
Published by Department of Agricultural
Economics, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2015
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate the
economics of managing Rice yellow mottle
Sobemovirus using differential rice cultivars.
The experiments were laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications, at farmer fields in Sayen
Gobirawa , Zaria, Kaduna state, Northern
Guinea savanna of Nigeria during the 2009 and
2010 rainy seasons. Ten rice cultivars, namely;
Faro 11, Faro 35, Faro 36, Faro 37, Faro 44,
Faro 46, Faro 52, Faro 57, Moroberekan
(resistant) and Bouake 189(susceptible) were
used. The results obtained from the trials
indicated that the mean paddy yield recorded in
2009 (2148.7 kg/ ha-1) was higher than that of
2010 (2032.7 kg/ha -1) when the severity index
of the virus was a bit higher. The mean severity
indices among the test cultivars varied from
35.86 to 70.55%, 33.33 to 85.18% and 34.0 to
77.87%, in 2009, 2010 and for the two years
combined analysis, respectively. The mean
value of output/hectare or gross revenue from
production of the test cultivars varied from
N175, 285 to N399, 057 per hectare. The
highest revenue was recorded under
Moroberekan cultivar (N399, 057), followed
by Faro 46 (N 296,340) while the lowest was
obtained from Faro 35 (N175, 285) compared
to other treatments for the two years combined
analysis. Cost benefit ratio of 1:3.9 was
obtained with Moroberekan indicating net
profit of 390%, compared to that of Faro 35
with cost benefit ratio of 1:1.2 indicating net
profit of 120%. Results of this study suggest
that using Moroberekan cultivar under RYMV
endemic field could provide not only higher
yield and better economic returns but also
resulted in less RYMV severity in the field.
Keywords: Economic returns, Rice cultivars,
RYMV, Northern Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Assessment for growth and yield parameters
of some rice cultivars infected with rice
yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus
sobemovirus.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B. D.
and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
FUW Trends in Science & Technology
Journal, 1(2) 307 -312. Published by Federal
University Wukari, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2016
Source of funding Self
Abstract Screenhouse trials were conducted from 2008
to 2010 cropping seasons to assess growth and
yield parameters of ten (10) selected rice
cultivars, which include ; Faro 11, Faro 35,
Faro 36, Faro 37, Faro 44, Faro 46, Faro 52,
Faro 57, Moroberekan and Bouake 189,
infected with Rice yellow mottle virus
(RYMV) genus Sobemovirus. The experiment
was laid out in a strip plot design and
replicated three times, with ten rice cultivars in
the vertical factors (main plot) and four
inoculation regimes of RYMV at 4, 6, 8 and 10
Weeks after sowing (WAS) and un-inoculated
control was in the horizontal factors (sub-plot).
Significant interaction between the effects of
inoculation regimes and rice cultivars were
found between the growth and yield parameters
and severity index of the virus. Combined
analysis of the trials data showed that
percentage reduction in plant height and
number of tiller per plant, increase in days to
50% flowering, threshing percentage, paddy
yield loss and Severity index ranged from
1.74% (Moroberekan) to 48.19% (Bouake 189)
and 27.71% (Morobrekan) to 53.06 %
(Bouake 189), 1.78 (Faro 46) to 25.78 (Faro
57), 69.83 % (Bouake 189) to 91%
(Moroberekan), 6.59% (Moroberekan) to
79.11% (Bouake 189) and 17.04 %
(Moroberekan) to 77.61% (Bouake 189),
respectively. The test cultivars were most
critically affected by RYMV inoculation
within 4 to 8 WAS. In order to obtain paddy
yield comparable to that of virus free check for
the respective test cultivars, it was required to
keep the crop virus- free for up to 10 WAS
and beyond, the information can be useful in
integrated pest and production management for
rice in RYMV endemic areas.
Keywords: RYMV, paddy yield and
inoculation regimes
Research impacts
Research Title Effect of Sowing Date and Cultivars on
Cercospora leaf spot (Cercopora sesame
Zimm) of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in
the Sudan Savanna Region of Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Muhammad1 Z.H. Jidda1, M. B. and Alkali1,
G.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food
Security (DUJAFS), 3 (1) 73 -82. Published by
Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University
Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2016
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field trials were conducted at Maiduguri in the
northern Sudan savanna during the 2012 and
2013 rainy seasons to determine the effect of
three sowing dates (14th and 28th July and
11th August) and three sesame cultivars (Ex-
sudan, Kenana-4 and Gwoza landrace ) on
Cercospora leaf spot endemic field. The
experiment was laid out in a split plot design
with three replications, with sowing date as
main plot factor and cultivar as subplot factor.
Significant differences in disease incidence,
severity, seed yield and yield components were
observed among the cultivars. Results showed
that sesame cultivar Kenana-4 recorded lowest
disease incidence and severity, but on the other
hand sesame cultivar Ex- sudan recorded the
higher seed yield and yield components in both
2012 and 2013 rainy seasons and the combined
analysis, respectively. With the exception of
the number of seed per capsule, other yield
components and seed yield of sesame were
significantly higher in the third sowing than
both the first and second sowing dates. Disease
incidence and severity decreased significantly
when sowing of sesame was delayed from
14th, 28th July and to 11st August in each
year. Based on the results of the study, it is
suggested that for effective management of
Cercospora leaf spot of sesame and higher
productivity, among the cultivar tested, sesame
cultivar Ex- sudan should be planted in early
August.
Keywords: Sesame variety, sowing dates,
Cercospora leaf spot and Northern Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Economic Analysis of the effect of Rice
yellow mottle Sobemovirus on some Rice
Cultivars in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Sumlube2., I.M., Alegbejo3, M. D.,
Kashina3, B. D.and Banwo3, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Agricultural Economics,
University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069,
Maiduguri, Nigeria
3Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food
Security (DUJAFS), 3(2): 90 - 98. Published by
Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University
Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2016
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate
economics of managing Rice yellow mottle
Sobemovirus(RYMV) using ten rice cultivars,
namely; FARO 11, FARO 35, FARO 36,
FARO 37, FARO 44,FARO 46, FARO 52,
FARO 57, MOROBEREKAN (resistant) and
BOUAKE 189 (susceptible). The experiments
were laid out in a randomized complete block
design (RCBD) with three replications, at
farmer fields in Bomo, Kaduna state, Nigeria.
The experiments were conducted
during2008/2009 and 2009/2010, dry seasons
and 2009 and 2010 rainy seasons. The results
obtained indicated that the mean severity
indices among the test cultivars varied from
34.32% to 71.25%and 39.49% to 81.48% for
the two years dry and rainy seasons combined
analysis, respectively .The mean paddy yield
range recorded during the rainy seasons
(1453.90 to 3299.00 kg-1) was higher than that
of dry seasons (1217.00 to 2301.70 kg-1).
Analysis of costs and returns revealed that the
gross margin for dry and rainy seasons were N
39,059.23 and N 134,778.56 per hectare,
respectively. MOROBEREKAN cultivar gave
highest gross margin in both dry and rainy
seasons N143, 538.10 and N264,193.30,
respectively while lowest gross margin was
recorded in FARO 11 (N 19,270.23) and
FARO 35 (N 61,328.90) during the dry and
rainy seasons compared to all other cultivars
for the two years combined analysis. Results of
this study suggested that using
MOROBEREKAN cultivar under either dry or
rainy season was more profitable in RYMV
endemic field in the study area, and could
provide not only higher yields and better
economic returns but also resulted in less
RYMV severity in the field.
Keywords: Costs and returns, Rice cultivars,
RYMV, Northern Nigeria
Research impacts
Research Title Alternative Weed Hosts of Rice Yellow
Mottle Sobemovirus in Nigeria.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B.
D.and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Applied
Biology, 17:71 -78. Published by Department
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Essien Udom Court,University of Maiduguri,
Nigeria
Year of Publication 2016
Source of funding Self
Abstract Field surveys were carried out between 2008
and 2010 in Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano,
Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states of northern
Nigeria, to determine the occurrence and
distribution of weed hosts of Rice yellow
mottle virus (RYMV) genus Sobemovirus.
Serological analyses using enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that
there was consistent detection of RYMV
across the surveyed states in some weed species.
These were Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv.,
Brachiaria lata, (Schumach) C.E. Hubbard ex
Robyns., Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers., Cyperus
difformis L., C. rotundus L., Dactyloctenium
aegyptium L., Digitaria horizontalis Wild.,
Eleusine corocana, L., E. indica (L) Gaertner.,
Eragrostis ciliaris L., E. tenella L.,. Imperata
cylindrica L., Oryza barthii A. Chev., O.
longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr., Panicum sp.
and Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. This is the first
report that adds Pennisetum pedicellatum to the list
of natural RYMV hosts. A more detailed survey of
irrigated rice farms and river banks in northern
Nigeria may reveal additional weed hosts of
RYMV. These weed hosts probably serve as source
of RYMV reservoir for infection to newly
transplanted rice in the field.
Key words: Field survey, serological analysis,
RYMV, weed hosts, northern Nigeria.
Research impacts
Research Title Rice Yellow Mottle Sobomovirus: a limiting
Factor in Rice Production in Africa.
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., Kashina2, B.
D.and Banwo2, O. O.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical FUW Trends in Science &Technology Journal.
etc, vol. page Nos.) 2(2) 655 -664. Published by Federal
University Wukari, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2017
Source of funding Self
Abstract Rice is the primary and secondary host of
many viruses, but the most important in Africa
is the rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus
Sobemovirus. It is endemic in the continent
and became important after the introduction of
new high yielding exotic varieties from Asia
that are susceptible to the virus. The pathogen
was first noticed in 1966 in Kenya but it has
since spread to other parts of Africa countries.
It is environmentally stable, highly infectious
and about six strains of the virus now exist.
Transmitted both mechanically and by insect
vectors belonging to the families
Chrysomelidae (Chaetocnema spp., Dactylispa
spp., Hispa unsambarica Weise, Sesselia
pusilla Gartucker, Trichispa sericea Guerin);
Tettigonidae (Conocephalus longipennis de
Haan, C. merumontamus Sjostedt) and
Coccinelidane (Chnootriba similis Thunberg)).
Yield losses caused by the virus range from 25
to 100%. Integrated pest management and
breeding for resistant varieties are the best
strategies so far suggested to reduce havoc
caused by this pathogen to rice. This paper
reviews the economic importance, distribution,
host range, symptom, transmission, varietal
reaction, yield loss assessment, epidemiology,
molecular characteristics, management
strategies and future research needs of the
virus.
Keywords RYMV, symptomatology,
epidemiology, molecular characterization and
host range
Research impacts
Research Title Preliminary Transmission Statusof two
Isolates of Rice yellow mottle Sobemovirus
by some Insects found in and around Rice
fields
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Alegbejo2, M. D., and Kashina2,
B. D.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for
Agricultural Research/Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Journal of Arid Agriculture special issue, 59 -
63. Published by Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2017
Source of funding Self
Abstract Transmission tests were conducted to determine the
status of some insect species collected in and around rice
fields in Kaduna state, Nigeria, in transmitting two
isolates of the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) Sayen
Gobirawa (SA) and Bomo (SB). The treatment consisted
of three potted rice seedlings (susceptible Bouake 189
variety) and viruliferous insect vectors, replicated three
times using a completely randomized design (CRD).
Plants exposed to the insect vectors were kept in the
screenhouse for 3 - 4 weeks for symptoms observation.
Presence or absence of the virus on asymptomatic plants
was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) test. Ten insect species including: Oxya sp.,
Locris rubra Fabriculus,,Chnootriba similis Thunberg,
Chaetocnema sp., Cheilomenes sp., Zonocerus
variegatus L., Paratettix sp., Conocephalus sp., Nezara
viridula L. and Dactylispa sp. were found to transmit
RYMV, whereas four other species including Altica sp.,
Diopsis sp., Mylabris sp. and Clavigralla sp. did not.
Significant (P = 0.05) difference in the level of
transmission was observed between SA isolate
compared to the SB isolate by the same species of insect
vector used. The implications of L. rubra a spittle bug
and N. viridula a shield bug in RYMV transmission and
variability in transmission efficiency of RYMV isolate
by an insect in this study, suggest that the virus
dissemination goes beyond the boundaries of biting and
chewing insects in earlier studies.
Keywords: Transmission status, RYMV, variability,
insect vector and isolate
Research impacts
Research Title Fungi Associated with Post Harvest Spoilage
of some Fruits and Vegetables sold In
Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria
Researchers Name(s):
Lead Researcher first
Alkali1, G., Abdulazeez 1, U., Ibrahim 1, A.,
Abdullahi 1, M. M. and Moses 1, M. E.
Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of
Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Correspondence Address (Tel., email,
Physical)
Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published
Source of publication (Journal, Periodical
etc, vol. page Nos.)
Journal of Arid Agriculture special issue, 59 -
63. Published by Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Year of Publication 2017
Source of funding Self
Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of
occurrence and distribution of fungi associated with post
harvest spoilage of Carrot (Daucus carota L.), Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus L.), Garden eggs (Solanum melongena
L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) sold in Maiduguri
metropolis, Borno state, Nigeria. The survey covered
eight market places, namely; Budum, Bulumkuttu,
Gamboru, Monday, Tashan Baga, Tashan Bama, Tashan
Kano and Unimaid commercial centre. In each market
three retailer stands were randomly selected. Samples
were prepared and culture on potato dextrose agar
(PDA) plates and fungal flora were sub-cultured and
identified in the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department
of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri. There were
eighteen fungal species identified, namely; Alternaria
alternata, Aspergillus candidus, A. niger, A. ochroceus,
A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. ustus, A. versicolar,
Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium solani, F.
avenaceum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sclerotium
rolfsii, Sporobolomyces roseus, Thielavia terricola and
Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Highest and lowest numbers
of fungal isolates were recorded on Carrot and Garden
eggs, respectively. The frequency of occurrence showed
that A. niger (19.51%) were the most predominant
fungal isolate across the markets followed by S.
cerevisiae (11.38%) and least were S. pombe (0.81%)
and S. roseus (0.81%). The distribution of fungal species
showed that Monday market (31.71%) had the highest
number of fungi followed by Tashan Baga market
(16.26%) and the least number of isolates were recorded
at Budum (4.07%) and Tashan Kano (4.07%) markets.
A. niger and Z. bailii were present in all the market
places surveyed. This study has shown the need to
enlighten the farmers and the vendors on how to protect
and reduce contamination and spoilage of fruits and
vegetables in the Maiduguri Metropolis.
Keyword: Fungi, post-harvest spoilage, fruits and
vegetables
Research impacts