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UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW LUCKNOW M.Sc. CHEMISTRY 1 Programme Outcomes PO-1. Demonstrate, solve and an understanding of major concepts in all disciplines of Chemistry independently and in group as well as draw logical conclusions through Project and Seminar Presentation. PO-2. Employ critical thinking and the scientific knowledge to design, carry out, record and analyze the results of Chemistry experiments PO-3. Equip students to face the employment challenges and instil confidence to turn into entrepreneur and also step into research career. PO-4. Generation of new scientific insights or to the innovation of new applications of chemical research PO-5. Present scientific and technical information resulting from laboratory experimentation in both written and oral formats. PO-6. Apply modern methods of analysis to chemical systems in a laboratory setting. PO-7. The students will become well versed in the mechanisms of all types of high level and complicated chemical reactions. PO-8. The students will improve their competencies on par with their counterparts in premier institutions across the nation. Programme Specific Outcome PSO-1. Appreciates the importance of various elements present in the periodic table, coordination chemistry and structure of molecules, properties of compounds, structural determination of complexes using theories and instruments. PSO-2. Gathers attention about the physical aspects of atomic structure, dual behaviour, reaction pathways with respect to time, various energy transformations, molecular assembly in nanolevel, significance of electrochemistry, molecular segregation using their symmetry. PSO-3. Learns about the potential uses of analytical, industrial chemistry and medicinal chemistry. PSO-4. Understand and apply principles of Organic Chemistry for understanding the scientific phenomenon in Reaction mechanisms, Stereochemistry, Organic Synthesis, complex chemical structures, instrumental method of chemical analysis, molecular rearrangements and separation techniques. PSO-5. Study of organometallic reactions. PSO-6. Study of biological mechanisms using amino acids. PSO-7. Learn the classical status of thermodynamics. PSO-8. Carry out laboratory experiments taught in Core Theory papers and to understand good laboratory practices with safety. PSO-9. Enhance students’ ability to develop mathematical models for physical systems. PSO-10. Global level research opportunities to pursue Ph.D. programme targeted approach of CSIR/UGC – NET examination PSO-11. Discipline specific competitive exams conducted by service commission
Transcript of UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW LUCKNOW
M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
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Programme Outcomes PO-1. Demonstrate, solve and an understanding of major concepts in all disciplines of
Chemistry independently and in group as well as draw logical conclusions through Project and Seminar Presentation.
PO-2. Employ critical thinking and the scientific knowledge to design, carry out, record and analyze the results of Chemistry experiments
PO-3. Equip students to face the employment challenges and instil confidence to turn into entrepreneur and also step into research career.
PO-4. Generation of new scientific insights or to the innovation of new applications of chemical research
PO-5. Present scientific and technical information resulting from laboratory experimentation in both written and oral formats.
PO-6. Apply modern methods of analysis to chemical systems in a laboratory setting. PO-7. The students will become well versed in the mechanisms of all types of high
level and complicated chemical reactions. PO-8. The students will improve their competencies on par with their counterparts in
premier institutions across the nation. Programme Specific Outcome PSO-1. Appreciates the importance of various elements present in the periodic
table, coordination chemistry and structure of molecules, properties of compounds, structural determination of complexes using theories and instruments.
PSO-2. Gathers attention about the physical aspects of atomic structure, dual behaviour, reaction pathways with respect to time, various energy transformations, molecular assembly in nanolevel, significance of electrochemistry, molecular segregation using their symmetry.
PSO-3. Learns about the potential uses of analytical, industrial chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
PSO-4. Understand and apply principles of Organic Chemistry for understanding the scientific phenomenon in Reaction mechanisms, Stereochemistry, Organic Synthesis, complex chemical structures, instrumental method of chemical analysis, molecular rearrangements and separation techniques.
PSO-5. Study of organometallic reactions. PSO-6. Study of biological mechanisms using amino acids. PSO-7. Learn the classical status of thermodynamics. PSO-8. Carry out laboratory experiments taught in Core Theory papers and to
understand good laboratory practices with safety. PSO-9. Enhance students’ ability to develop mathematical models for physical
systems. PSO-10. Global level research opportunities to pursue Ph.D. programme targeted
approach of CSIR/UGC – NET examination PSO-11. Discipline specific competitive exams conducted by service commission
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PROGRAMME STRUCTURE The Master of Science in Chemistry is a Two Year Full Time Course consisting of Four Semesters. Semester I Semester II Semester III Semester IV COURSE SRUCTURE
Semester Core Course Elective Course Open elective Course Value Added Total Credits
No. of Papers
Credits (L+T/P)
Total Credits
No. of Papers
Credits (L+T/P)
Total Credits
No. of Papers
Credits (L+T/P)
Total Credits
No. of Papers
Credits
I 3 12+12 24 0 0+0 0 0 0+0 0 1 4 28 II 3 12+12 24 0 0+0 0 0 0+0 0 0 0 24 III 3 12+04 16 1 4+0 4 1 4+0 4 0 0 24 IV 1D 8+4 12 2 8+0 8 0 0+0 0 0 0 20 Total Credits 76 12 4 4 96
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Semester-III
Paper Code Title of the paper Cre
dits Int. Ass.
Uni. Exam.
Marks
CCTP-7 CCTP-8 CCTP-9
CH-301: Inorganic Chemistry CH-302: Organic Chemistry CH-303: Physical Chemistry
4 4 4
30 30 30
70 70 70
100 100 100
CCPP-7
CH-304: Advanced Chemistry Practical-I
4 Continuous Evaluation
100
#CCEP-1. Course Elective (Intra Department)
CH-305A: Environmental Chemistry/MOOC Or CH-305B: Chemistry of Natural Products/MOOC
4 30 70 100
COEP-1. Open Elective (Inter Department)
CH-306: Concept of Chemistry
4 30 70 100
Total 24 600 CCTP (Core Course Theory Paper) CCPP (Core Course Practical Paper) CCEP (Core Course Elective Paper) COEP (Course Open Elective Paper) #The choice of CCEP-1 shall be decided by the Head, Chemistry Department in the beginning of semester.
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Semester III Syllabus Paper Code CCTP-7: Inorganic Chemistry (CH-301)
Credits: 4 M.M.: 100 (70+30) Hours: 60 Course Outcome: CO-1. This semester deals with the some brief glimpses of bioinorganic and detailed
investigation of multi-nuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for diamagnetic compounds comprising of 19F, 31P, 119Sn, 195Pt and some other nuclei and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) studies of paramagnetic compounds.
CO-2. Additionally, students get knowledge about the various pollutants existing in nature and their plausible solutions to cope with.
CO-3. After completing this semester the students are supposed to have some expertise in dealing with the multinuclear NMR and ESR.
CO-4. Also, they may get motivated to have inclination towards the bioinorganic chemistry in the next semester.
Unit I
Applications of Spectroscopy Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Hyperfine Coupling, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions, spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, application to transition metal complexes (having one unpaired electron) including biological systems and to inorganic free radicals such as PH4, F2 and [BH3]
-.
Unit II
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications of multinuclear NMR with emphasis on 11B, 19F, 31P, 125Te 119Sn, and 195Pt NMR.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy Basic Principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display. Application of the technique to the studies of (a) bonding and structures of Fe+2
and Fe+3
compounds including those of intermediate spin, (b) Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds – nature of M-L bond, coordination number, structure and (c) detection of oxidation state and in equivalent MB atoms.
Unit III
Bioinorganic Chemistry Metal Ions in Biological Systems
(a) Essential and trace metals. (b) Na+/K+
Pump.
(c) Vitamin B12, methyl cobalamine, Biomethylation. (d) Heme proteins and oxygen uptake, structure and function of hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanins and hemoerythrin, model synthetic complexes of iron, cobalt and copper
Electron Transfer in Biology Structure and function of metalloproteins in electron transport processes-cytochromes and ion sulphur proteins, synthetic models.
Nitrogenase Biological nitrogen fixation, molybdenum nitrogenase, spectroscopic and other evidence, other nitrogenases model systems.
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Unit IV
Environmental Chemistry: Inorganic Pollutants a. Aquatic pollution: water quality parameters viz. dissolved oxygen,
biochemical oxygen demand, heavy metals Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO4
3- contents.
b. Soil pollution (including agricultural, viz. pesticides, fertilizers, plastics and metals), Waste treatment.
c. Industrial pollution, viz. cement, sugar, distillery, drug, paper and pulp. d. Nuclear waste management.
Unit V
Selected Topics a. Chemistry of less familiar metals: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd b. Platinium phosphine complexes c. General method of preparation and important reactions (insertion
reactions, metathetical reactions, Lewis acid-base reactions, reactions with protic compounds) of metal and metalloid amides.
d. Preparation of important radio isotopes (1H3, 6C14, 11Na22, 15P32, 16S35) and applications of coordination compounds of Tc99
as imaging agents in Nuclear Medicine
e. Principle, instrumentation and applications of TGA and DTA Ion exchange-preparation, mechanism, of exchange capacity of ion exchangers, Principle and applications of photometric and colorimetric techniques in inorganic analysis.
Recommended Books: 1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R. S. Drago, Saunders Company. 2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E. A. V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and
S. Cradock, ELBS 3. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V.
Parish, Ellis Norwood. 4. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin, J. J. Delpeuch and G. J. Martin,
Heyden. 5. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, S. J. Lippard and J. M. Berg, University
Science Books 6. Bioinorganic Chemistry, I. Bertini, H. B. Gray, S. J. Lippard and J. S. Valentine,
University Science Books. 7. Inorganic Biochemistry volume I and II. ed. G. L. Eichhorn, Elsevier 8. Fundamentals of analytical Chemistry, D. A. Skoog, D. M. West and F. J. Holler.
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Semester III Syllabus
Paper Code CCTP-8: Organic Chemistry (CH-302) Credits 4 MM 100 (70+30) Hours 60 Course Outcome: After the completion of the course the students will acquire knowledge of: CO-1: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and mass spectrometry techniques
for organic structure elucidation of organic molecules. CO-2: basics of photochemical reactions of alkenes, carbonyl and aromatic
compounds. CO-3: the fundamental properties and reactivity of biologically important
carbohydrates molecules. CO-4: mechanism of action of enzymes, enzyme catalysed reactions, enzyme models
and applications of enzymes.
Unit I Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
General introduction and definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism, mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides & mercapto), chemical exchange, effect of deuteration, factor influencing coupling constant ‘J’. Spin decoupling, complex spin-spin interaction between two, three, four and five nuclei (first order spectra), virtual coupling. Stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Karplus curve-variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle. Simplification of complex spectra-nuclear magnetic double resonance, contact shift reagents, solvent effects. Fourier transform technique, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). FT NMR, advantage of FT NMR, use of NMR in medical diagnostics.
Unit II
Two dimension NMR spectroscopy Introduction to COSY and DEPT techniques.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramers degeneracy, factor affecting the “g” value. Isotopic and anisotopic hyperfine coupling constant, spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and McConnell relationship, measurement techniques, applications.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy Quadrupole nuclei, quadrupole moments, electric field gradient , coupling constant, splitting.
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carbonyl carbon), coupling constants.
Unit III
Mass Spectrometry Introduction, ion production – El, Cl, FD and FAB, factors affecting fragmentation, ion analysis, ion abundance. Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional groups, molecular ion peak, metastable
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peak, McLafferty rearrangement. Nitrogen rule. High resolution mass spectrometery. Examples of mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds with respect to their structure determination.
Unit IV
Photochemistry Photochemistry of Alkenes
Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond – geometrical isomerism, cyclisation reactions, rearrangement of 1, 4 - and 1, 5 – dienes.
Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds Intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds – saturated, cyclic and acyclic, , -unsaturated and ,-unsaturated compounds. Cyclohexadienones. Intermolecular cyloaddition reactions – dimerisations and oxetane formation.
Unit V
Bioorganic Chemistry Enzymes
Introduction and historical perspective, chemical and biological catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation. Nomenclature and classification, extraction and purification. Fischer’s lock and key and Koshland’s induced fit hypothesis, concept and identification of active site by the use of inhibitors, affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, reversible and irreversible inhibition. Co-enzymes (NAD+, NADP+, FMN, FAD).
Mechanism of Enzyme Action Transition-state theory, orientation and steric effect, acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, strain or distortion. Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for chymotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme and carboxypeptidase A.
Biotechnological Applications of Enzymes Large-scale production and purification of enzymes, techniques and methods of immobilization of enzymes, effect of immobilization on enzyme activity, application of immobilized enzymes, enzymes as targets for drug design. Clinical uses of enzymes, enzyme therapy, enzymes and recombinant DNA technology.
Recommended books:
1. Organic Photochemistry: A visual approach, Jan Kopecky, VCH publishers (1992).
2. Oganic Photochemistry, O. Kan, McGraw-Hill Inc., US. 3. Organic Chemistry, J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers (Oxford
Press). 4. Fundamentals of Photochemistry, KK Rohatagi, New Age International (P)
Limited. 5. Bioorganic, Bioinorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry, P.S. Kalsi, New Age
International (P) Limited. 6. Principles of Molecular Photochemistry, Nicholas J. Turro, V. Ramamurthy J. C.,
Viva Books.
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Semester III Syllabus
Paper Code CCTP-9: Physical Chemistry (CH-303) Credits 4 MM 100 (70+30) Hours 60 Course Outcome: Students will gain knowledge in CO-1. basic theories and kinetics of solid state reactions. CO-2. perfect and imperfect crystals and their defects. They will also gain the knowledge of electronic properties and band theory. CO-3. the quantum theory of paramagnetics, hysteresis. CO-4. the electrically conducting solids and new superconductors CO-5. how to determine reaction mechanism and what is the gas phase photolysis. CO-6. the experimental techniques and photo chemical processes. CO-7. the biopolymers, their interactions, their thermodynamics and their molecular weight determination. CO-8. the bioenergetics and statistical mechanics in biopolymers. CO-9. the structure and function of cell membrane, transport of ions and applications
of diffraction methods
Unit I Solid State Reactions
General principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid state reactions, kinetics of solid state reactions.
Crystal Defects and Non-Stoichiometry Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects – point defects, line and plane defects, vacancies, Schottky and Frenkel defects. Thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defect formation, colour centers, non-stoichiometry and defects.
Unit II Electronic Properties and Band Theory
Metals, insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solids-band theory, band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors. Optical Properties – Optical reflectance, photoconduction.
Magnetic Properties Classification of materials: Quantum theory of paramagnetic- cooperative phenomenal magnetic domains, hysteresis.
Organic Solids Electrically conducting solids, organic charge transfer complex, organic metals, new superconductors.
Unit III Energy States of Molecules
Franck – Condon Principle, Physical properties of excited molecules such as refractive index, pKa values and dipole moment. Light emission and chemical reaction from excited states, radiationless deactivation of excited states.
Determination of Reaction Mechanism
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Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy states – determination of rate constants of reactions. Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of photochemical reactions – photo-dissociation, gas-phase photolysis. Photochemical Process and experimental techniques
Photo-reduction, Photo-oxidation, Electron transfer reactions, Photoconduction, Chemiluminiscence, Atom sensitized reactions, sensitization and quenching, Photosensitization, Stern – Volmer equation. Photosynthesis, Photomorphogenesis and Photochemistry of vision. Spectrometry, Actinometry, Flash Photolysis and Laser Beam.
Unit IV
Biopolymers Evaluation of size, shape, molecular weight and extent of hydration of biopolymers by various experimental techniques electrophoresis
Statistical Mechanics in Biopolymers Chain configuration of macromolecules, statistical distribution end to end dimensions, calculation of average dimensions for various chain structures. Polypeptide and protein structures, introduction to protein folding problem.
Unit V Biopolymer Interactions
Forces involved in biopolymer interactions. Electrostatic charges and molecular expansion, hydrophobic forces, dispersion force interactions. Multiple equilibria and various types of binding processes in biological systems.
Thermodynamics of Biopolymer Solutions Thermodynamics of biopolymer solutions, osmotic pressure, membrane equilibrium muscular contraction and energy generation in mechanochemical system.
Cell Membrane and Transport of Ions Structure and functions of cell membrane, ion transport through cell membrane, irreversible thermodynamic treatment of membrane transport. Nerve conduction.
Recommended Books: 1. Solid Sate Chemistry and its Application, A. R. West, Plenum 2. Principal Of The Solid state, H. V. Keer, Wiley Eastern. 3. Solid Sate Chemistry, N.B. Hannay. 4. Solid Sate Chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New age Intenational. 5. Fundamental of Photochemistry,K. K. Rohtagi-Mukherji, , Wiley Eastern. 6. Essential Of Molecular Chemistry, A. Gilbert and J, Baggot, Blackwe II. 7. Molecular photochemistry, N. J. Turro, W. A. Benjamin. 8. Introductory Photochemistry, A. Cox and T. Camp, McGraw-Hill 9. Photochemistry, R. P. Kundall and A. Gilbert, Thomson Nelson. 10. Organic photochemistry, J.Coxon and B. Halten, Cambridge University Press. 11. Principles of Biochemistry, A. L. Lehninger, Worth publisher. 12. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman. 13. Biochemistry, J David Rawn, Neil Patterson. 14. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, John Wiley. 15. Outlines of Biochemistry, E. E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, John Wiley. 16. Bioinorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to Enzyme action, H. Dugas and Penny, Springer-
Verlag 17. Macromolecules: Structure and Function, F. Wold, Prentice Hall.
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Semester III Syllabus
Paper Code CCPP-7: Advanced Chemistry Practical-I (CH-304) Credits 4 MM 100 (33+33+34) Course Outcome: In order to make students understand the theories taught to them in M.Sc. semester
(III) in different branches of chemistry e.g. Inorganic, Organic and Physical, the following practicals are introduced .Students will learn: CO-1. Gravimetric estimation of complex mixture involving two or three constituents
and analysis of alloys and minerals. CO-2. Volumetric estimations and various titrations CO-3. Qualitative analysis, acetylation method, saponification value and extraction of organic compounds. CO-4. The basic knowledge like preparation of solution, standardization of secondary solution, dilution, calibration, and handling of some sophisticated electronic
related to the practical syllabus. CO-5. Freundlich Absorption Isotherm, enthalpy, molecular weight determinations by elevation in boiling point method, depression in freezing point method and viscosity method, surface tension, molecular energy and Parachor of given
liquid. CO-6. To focus their aim for future prospects of Ph.D programme and pharmaceutical industry INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Gravimetric estimations of complex mixtures involving two or three constituents, Analysis of alloys and minerals. 2. Volumetric estimations: (i) EDTA titrations - Determination of Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe. Hardness of water. (ii) KBrO3 and KIO3 titrations –Determination of As2O3 and [Fe(CN)6]4-. (iii) Chloramine T – titrations - Determination of NO2 in a sample. (iv) Ceric Ammonium Sulphate titrations - Determination of Fe and Organic acids. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Quantitative analysis Major Experiments- Determination of percentage or number of hydroxyl group in an organic compound by acetylation method. Estimation of amines/phenols using bromate bromide solution/or acetylation method. Determination of iodine and saponification value of an oil sample. Minor Experiment- Extraction of organic compounds. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY General Experiments. 1. To verify Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm. 2. To determine enthalpy of given salt solution.
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3. To determine molecular weight of a given electrolyte by elevation in boiling point method (Landsbigger method) and also find out its van’t Hoff factor.
4. Determine molecular weight of a given polymer by viscosity method. 5. Find out surface tension, molecular energy and Parachor of given liquid at room
temperature. 6. Determine molecular weight of a given electrolyte by depression in freezing point
method. Kinetics Experiments: 7. Study reaction kinetics between KI and K2S2O8 by fractional change method and
find out its order of reaction at a given temperature. 8. Study reaction kinetics between acetone and iodine by isolation method and
determine its order of reaction at a given temperature. Recommended Book: 1. Vogels Text book of Quantitative Analysis revised, J. Bessett, R.C. Denney, G.H.
Jellery and J. Mendhan ELBS 2. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry by Mounir A, Malati, Horwood series in
Chemical Science (Horwood publishing Chichester) 1999. 3. Inorganic Experiments, J. Derexwoolings VCH 4. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Scafran, R.M. Pike and M.M. Singh Wiley. 5. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marrand, B.W. Rockett, Van Nostrand. 6. The systematic Indentification of Organic Compounds, R.L. Shringer and D.Y.
Curlin. 7. Qualitative Analysis, R.A. Day, Jr. and A.L. Underwood, Prentice Hall. 8. Basic concept of Analysis chemistry, S.M. Chopkar, Wiley Bastern. 9. Synthesis and characterization of Inorganic compounds, W.L. Jolly, Prentice Hall. 10. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middeton, Adward Arnoid. 11. Handbook of Organic Analysis Qualitative and Quantitative, H. Clark, Adward Ar. 12. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley. 13. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichand, Longman. 14. Findley’s Practical Physical Chemistry revised, B.P. Levitt, Longman. 15. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and Bebera, Tata Mc Grawhill. 16. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, B.D. Khosla and V.S. Barg (R. Chand and
Co., Delhi) 17. Experimental Physical Chemistry by D.P. Shoemaker Mc Grawhill, 7th Edition
2003. 18. Experiments in Chemistry, D.V. Jahagirdar, Himalaya Publishing House. 19. Practical Physical Chemistry, B. Vishwanathan and P.S. Raghwan, Viva Books. 20. General Chemistry Experiments, Anil J Elias, University Press (2002) 21. Experimental Physical Chemistry, V.D. Athawale, Parul Mathur, New Age
International (P) Limited. 22. Systematic Experiment in chemistry, Arun Sethi, New Age International (P)
Limited. 23. Experiments in Physical chemistry, J.C. Ghosh, Bharati Bhavan. 24. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, JB Yadav. 25. Practical Organic Chemistry, Mann and Saunders.
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Semester III Syllabus
Paper Code CCEP-1: Environmental Chemistry (CH-305A) Credits 4 MM 100 (70+30) Hours 60 Course Outcome CO-1. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes
atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as heavily relying on analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of science.
CO-2. By the knowledge of this paper student will understand the fate of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments the effects of human activity and biological activity on these.
CO-3. They will also be able to grasp the knowledge of industrial pollution and environmental toxicology.
Unit I
Environment Introduction, Composition of atmosphere, Vertical temperature, heat budget of the earth atmospheric system, vertical stability atmosphere. Biogeochemical cycles of C,N,P,S and O. Bio distribution of elements.
Unit II Hydrosphere Chemical Composition of Water bodies- lakes, streams river and wet lands etc, hydrological cycle. Aquatic Pollution :- Inorganic, Organic, Pesticide, Agricultural, Industrial and Sewage, detergents, oil spills and oil pollutants, Water quality parameters-dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demands, solids metals, content of chloride, Sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and micro-organisms water quality standards.
Unit III Analytical methods for measuring BOD, DO, COD, F, Oil, Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se etc) residual chloride and chlorine demand, Purification and treatment of water. Soil Composition, micro and macro nutrients, Pollution- fertilizers, pesticides, plastics and metals, waste treatment.
Unit IV Atmosphere:- Chemical Composition of atmosphere, Particles, Ions and radicals and their formation chemical and photochemical reaction in atmosphere smog formation, oxides of N,C,S,O and their effect, pollution by chemicals, petroleum, minerals, ChloroFluoro hydrocarbons. Green house effect, acid rain, air pollution controls and their chemistry. Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants, continuous monitoring instruments,
Unit V Industrial Pollution Cement, sugar, distillery, drug, paper and pulp, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, metallurgy, polymers, drugs etc. Radionuclide analysis, Disposal of Wastes and their management. Environmental Toxicology Chemical solution to environmental problems, biodegradability, principles of decomposition, better industrial processes.
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Recommended Books: 1. Manahan, Stanley E. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry Boca Raton:
CRC Press LLC, 2001 2. Sonja Krause, Herbert M. Clark, James P. Ferris, Robert L. Strong Chemistry of
the Environment, Elsevier Science & Technology Books 2002 3. Eugene R. Weiner Applications of Environmental Chemistry 2000 CRC Press,
LLC 4. By Clair, N. Sawyer, Perry L. Mc Carty, Gene F. Parking Chemistry for
environmental engineering and Science (5th edition ) McGraw Hill Professional.
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Semester III Syllabus
Paper Code CCEP-1: Chemistry of Natural Products (CH-305B) Credits 4 MM 100 (70+30) Hours 60
Course Outcome: After the completion of the course the students will acquire knowledge of: CO-1. Classification, stereochemistry and synthesis of some important terpenoids and
carotenoids. CO-2. Nomenclature, structure elucidation, physiological action and synthesis of
Alkaloids. CO-3. Occurence, basic structure, Isolation and synthesis of some prominent
Steroids. CO-4. Types of carbohydrates, structure elucidation, biological importance and Blood
sugar. CO-5. Types of plant pigments, their structure determination, isolation and synthesis
of some significant plant pigments.
Unit I Terpenoids and Carotenoids Classification, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure determination, isoprene rule. Structure determination, stereochemistry, biosynthesis and synthesis of the following representative molecules: Citral, Geraniol, α-Terpeneol, Menthol, Farnesol, Zingiberene, Santonin, Phytol, Abietic acid and β-Carotene.
Unit II
Alkaloids Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring, roe of alkaloids in plants. Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of the following : Ephedrine, (+)- Coniine, Nicotine, Atropine, Quinine and Morphine.
Unit III
Steroids Occurrence, Nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel’s hydrocarbon and stereochemistry. Isolation, Structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol, Bile acids, Androsterone, Biosynthesis of steroids.
Unit IV
Carboydrates Structure, function, configuration & conformation of important derivatives of monosaccharides & glycosides; disaccharides (lactose, maltose and sucrose); Polysaccharides – structural polysaccharide (cellulose, chitin); storage polysaccharides (starch and glycogen). Role of sugars in biological recognition. Blood group determinants.
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Unit V
Plant Pigments Occurence, nomenclature and general methods of structure determination. Isolation and synthesis of Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Myrcetin, Quercetin 3-glucoside, Cyanidin, Hirsutidine.
Recommended Books: 1. Natural Products: Chemistry and Biological, J. Mann. R.S. Davidson, J.B, Hobbs,
D.V. Banthrope and J.B. Harborne, Longman, Essex. 2. Organic Chemistry, Vol 2, I.L. Finar, ELBS. 3. Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach, M. Nogradi, VCH. 4. Rodd’s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier. 5. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the
Americas, Ed. Kurt Hostettmann, M.P. Gupta and A. Marston, Harwood Academic publishers.
6. Introduction to flavonoids, B.A. Bohm, Harwood Academic Publishers. 7. New Trends in Natural product Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman And M.I. Choudhary,
Harwood Academic Publishers. 8. Insectcides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev, Harwood Academic Publishers.
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Semester-III Syllabus
Inter Department Elective Paper Code-COEP-1: Concepts of Chemistry (CH-306)
Credits 4 MM 100 (70+30) Hours 60 Course Outcome: After the completion of the course the students will acquire the knowledge of: CO-1. Use of arrow notations in Organic reactions mechanism, different kinds of
polymer and their importance, different techniques of polymerization, each quantum number represents and how to obtain quantum numbers for any electron in an atom and determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons and nuclei in elements and compounds.
CO-2. Periodic properties of all the elements, electronegativity and whether a bond is metallic, ionic, covalent or polar covalent.
CO-3. Predict atomic structure, chemical bonding or molecular geometry based on accepted models
CO-4. Electronic effects operates in covalent bonds, Types of Reactions and different types of Intermediates formed during the reactions
CO-5. Appropriate method of solution for a variety of Mathematic problems, basic physical quantities and various gas Laws for observation of behaviour of gas and Kinetic molecular model.
Unit I
Types of arrows used in Organic Reaction Mechanism – Curved arrow, half- headed and double headed arrows Introduction of Polymers, natural and synthetic polymers, properties of polymers, Biomedical polymers and their importance Quantum numbers. Zeeman effect. Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle. Effective nuclear charge, screening effect, Slater’s rule- applications and limitations
Unit II Classification of Elements and Periodicity of Properties, noble gases and s, p, d and f- block elements. Modern periodic teble. Position of hydrogen in the periodic table. Horizontal, vertical and diagonal relationships in the periodic table. Scales of electronegativity- Pauling, Mulliken and Allred Rochow scale. Ionic bond – factors influencing the formation of ionic compounds – ionization energy, electron affinity and lattice energy; inert pair effect, Fajan’s rules. Covalent bond – polarity of covalent bond.
Unit III Valence bond theory (VBT) – sigma and pi bonds, hybridization, valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and geometries of molecules – BeCl2, H2O, BF3, NH3, XeF4, BrF3, PCl5, SF6 and IF7. Molecularorbital theory (MOT) – bonding and antibonding orbitals, bond order, applications of MOT to H2, He2, N2, O2, O2
+, O2-, HF and CO. Comparison between VBT
and MOT.
Unit IV Resonance and Inductive effect Reaction Intermediates – Homolytic and Heterolytic bond breaking (carbonium ion, carbanion and free radical)
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW LUCKNOW
M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
42
Types of Reactions – Addition, Elimination, Substitution and Rearrangement Reactions.
Unit V Mathematical concepts: Logarithm, anti-logarithm, functions, integrations and differentiation, partial differentiation, trigonometric functions, exponential functions, binary and decimal numbers. Basics of physical chemistry: Physical quantities- moles, mole fraction, normality, molality, molarity, formality, equivalent weight, molecular weight and their determination, SI units and derived units. Kinetic molecular theory: Ideal and non- ideal gases, laws of gases, the kinetic molecular model, expressions for the pressure of gas, molecular velocities and their relations, mean free path, collision diameter, collision number. Recommended Books: 1. Inorganic Chemistry, Puri, Sharma, Kalia and Kaushal. 2. Pradeep's Inorganic Chemistry, K. K. Bhasin, Pradeep Publication. 3. Chemistry for Degree Students, R. L. Madan, S. Chand Publishing. 4. Organic Chemistry, M. K. Jain, Shoban Lal & Co. 5. Pradeep's Organic Chemistry, S. N. Dhawan, Pradeep Publication. 6. Physical Chemistry, Puri Sharma & Pathania. 7. Pradeep Physical Chemistry, Khetrapal, Pradeep Publication.
