UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT -...

IR BASED BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

Of the degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

FROM

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

KERALA

Submitted by

KARTHIKA MENON (CEAJEEC046 )

LAZEENA V P ( CEAJEEC048)

M.E.A. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Perinthalmanna – 679322

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

M.E.A. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Perinthalmanna – 679322

Certified that the project work entitled “ IR BASED BUILDING SECUIRITY SYSTEM”

carried out by KARTHIKA MENON(CEAJEEC046) and LAZEENA V P (CEAJEEC048)

bonafied student of M.E.A ENGINEERING COLLEGE in partial fulfillment for the award of

the Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the Calicut

University, Kerala during the year 2011-2012.It is certified that all corrections/suggestions

indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the

departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic

requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Name and sign of HOD Name and sign of coordinator Name and sign of guide

Mr.MAHMOOD SAKIR Mr.MOHAMMED NISAR JUMANA

Head of the Department Lecturer, Lecturer

Dept. of ECE, Dept. of ECE, Dept. of ECE,

MEA Engg. College, MEA Engg. College, MEA Engg. College,

Perinthalmanna. Perinthalmanna. Perinthalmanna.

CERTIFICATE


Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 1

ABSTRACT

IR based building security system is a means of security provided to keep the data and money

to be safe. This system is mainly used in the large buildings. Simple LED circuit is placed in an

LED array corresponding to different doors. So the security will be able to identify the unsecured

room easily. The house owner likes to go out, just inform the security to switch ON the alarm. So

when any unwanted person opened the door of their room, the output of transmitter and receiver

placed on the either side of the door will be used to switch over the alarm to produce sound

through loud speaker



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We grab this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Dr.ABDUL ROOUF, our respected

principal who gave the best facilities and atmosphere for the project work completion. We would

like to thank Mr.MAHMOOD SAKIR, the Head of Department of

Electronics and communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna for

providing permission and facilities to conduct the project in a systematic way. We are extremely

grateful to Mr. MOHAMMED NISAR P K, lecturer, Department Electronics and

communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for the inspiring and

sincere guidance throughout the project.

We express our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide JUMANA lecturer, Department

of Electronics and communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for

the sincere directions imparted in connection with the project. We are also thankful to all other

teaching and non teaching staffs of M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for the support

given in connection with the project. We also express our gratitude to our parents, friends and all

well wishers supported to complete the project.

Finally we thank God for his blessings.



CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. II

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................V

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................... VI

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Problem definition ....................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Scope of study ............................................................................................................. 8

1.3 Objectives of study ...................................................................................................... 8

1.4 Project Motivation ....................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATIONS .......................................................................... 9

2.1 Block diagram ............................................................................................................. 9

2.2 Block diagram description ......................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING ................................................................................ 12

3.1 Circuit diagram……………………………………………………………………...12

3.2 Circuit diagram description……………………………………………………………………………………………13



CHAPTER 4

PCB LAYOUT………………………………………………………………………………..17

CHAPTER 5

COMPONENTS……………………………………………………………………………….18

CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES………………………………………………………………………………19

CHAPTER 7

APPLICATIONS………………………....................................................................................20

CHAPTER 8

PRECAUTIONS………………………………………………………………………………...21

RESULT……………………………………………………………………………………….22

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE………………………………………………………23

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………...24

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………………..25



AC Alternate current

TX Transmitter

IR Infrared

RX Receiver

HZ Hertz

V Volt

Vcc Voltage Supply

O/P Output

R Resistor

C Capacitor



LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NUMBER

2.1

3.1

4.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PCB LAYOUT



Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem definition

Our project is IR based building Security System. In the right hands, an electronic

security system can make a home much safer. Here we introduce an advanced security system

for large buildings like villas and apartments. The alarm is just one link in the security chain. It

will be helpful in homes where a family is security conscious — where they have doors, deadbolt

locks on entry doors and regularly lock their doors and take other ordinary security measures.

Rather than the use of alarm, this system also provides the detection of the unsecured rooms.

An infrared transmitter receiver pair senses the tress passing of unwanted persons

through certain area. If the communication path between transmitter and receiver cuts it

senses.LED segment placed in the security room will indicate the opened door together with an

alarm. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by

electronic device designed for such a purpose. Here we use TSOP is a standard IR remote control

receiver for the detection of infrared radiations.

Day by day, all over the world different types of robberies are increasing. So in order to

protect our assets –money or data, need a more efficient security system. That thought results in

the designing of an IR based security system.

1.2 Objective study

Study of IR transmitter and IR receiver

Study of IR based security system



1.3 Scope of study

The security system can be improved by replacing LED array with an LED segment

display. So very large number of rooms or flats will be able to represent by numbers in the

segment display.

1.4 Project motivation and contribution

The motive behind this project is its future scope in security

systems. Here we introduce an advanced security system for large buildings like villas and

apartments. Rather than the use of alarm, this system also provides the detection of the

unsecured rooms

.

1.5 Report organization

This report is organized in to 10 chapters

Chapter 1- It is just an introduction about the project. It includes problem definition, scope of

study, project motivation & contribution, report organization.

Chapter 2-This Chapter contains block diagram and block diagram level description

Chapter 3-Chapter three contains circuit diagram, design &working

Chapter 4-Chapter four contains component description

Chapter 5-It has the advantages of the project

Chapter 6-It has the disadvantages of the project

Chapter 7-It contains applications and future scope of the project

Chapter 8-It contains the reference

Chapter 9-It contains appendix



Chapter 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

2.1 Block Diagram.

Fig 2.1 Block diagram

IR TRANSMITTER

POWER SUPPLY

IR

RECEIVER

SWITCHING UNIT

LED ARRAY

AUDIO ALARM



2.2 Block diagram description

The block diagram of IR based building security system contains 6 blocks. They are-

2.21 POWER SUPPLY

2.22 IR TRANSMITTER

2.23 IR RECEIVER

2.24 SWITCHING UNIT

2.25 AUDIO ALARM

2.26 LED ARRAY

2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY

For the proper working of the system, we need 5v supply. In order to get this supply we are

using power supply circuit. Almost all electronic equipments include circuit that converts ac

voltage of main supply into dc voltage. This part of the equipment is called power supply. In

general at the input of the power supply, there is a power transformer. A diode circuit called

rectifier follows it. The output of the rectifier goes to a smoothing filter, and then to a voltage

regulator circuit. The rectifier is the heart of the power supply.A 5v supply is obtained by using

LM7805C.

2.2.2 IR TRANSMITTER

Here we use high intensity general purpose IRED to support continuous transmission of IR

radiations. Its operating voltage is 1.2v and operating current is 20mA. IR radiations can be

amplified to 3-4 times using transistor BC547.



2.2.3 IR RECEIVER

The TSOP17- Series are miniaturized receivers for IR remote control systems. PIN diode and

preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated

output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17. is the\ Standard IR remote control

receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes.

2.2.4 SWITCHING UNIT

NE555 is used as monostable multivibrator to switch to output according to the input and

produce LED array along with the alarm.

2.2.5 AUDIO ALARM

In an IR based security system audible alarm is used to produce sound. The audio alarm circuit

is setup with the help of NE555, resistor, capacitor, transistor and loudspeaker. When the alarm

circuit gets a 5V supply from the switch it will raise. The sound is produced regularly and

automatically when an unwanted only when the house owner or security reset or OFF the

building security system.

2.2.6 LED ARRAY

LED array is an array of simple LED circuits used by a house owner or security to identify the

unsecured rooms or flats. In the case where large numbers of rooms or flats are present, LED

array can be replaced by LED segment display.



Chapter 3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

3.1 Circuit diagram

Fig 3.1 Circuit diagram



3.2 Circuit diagram description

3.2.1 POWER SUPPLY

The working of half wave rectifier is as follows. During the positive half cycle of the ac input voltage,

the is forward biased and conducts all the instantaneous voltage greater than the offset voltage. So we

get a pulsating dc voltage for each half cycle. Now in the case of full wave rectifier circuit, this allows a

unidirectional current to flow through the load during the entire input cycle. As a result of this output

voltage that pulsates every half cycle of the input. Now in our case we are using Center-tapped

transformer in our circuit. The advantage of using this transformer is that we need only two diodes in

place of four in the bridge rectifier. In the project, a bridge rectifier is used to perform AC-DC

conversion. We need a regulated power supply in our project. So we used monolithic IC regulators. This

has the advantage that space and cost are less than that of discrete component based voltage regulator.

The power supply is the most indispensable part of an electronic system. IC regulators are versatile and

relatively inexpensive and are available with features such as current or voltage boosting, internal short

circuit current limiting, thermal shutdown and floating operation for high voltage applications. The

regulated circuit is used to maintain constant output level. The integrated circuit regulator, sometimes

called three terminal regulators contains the circuitry for reference source error amplitude control device

and overload protection all in a single IC chip. They are connected between output of a filter and input to

the load.

The rectifier and filter circuits, which are used in the initial stages of a DC power supply is essential

for the operation of almost all electronic devices. A rectifier circuit is a circuit which converts ac voltage

into pulsating DC there are Half wave rectifier and two types of rectifier circuits.

Half wave rectifier and

Full wave rectifier



3.2.2 IR TRANSMITTER & IR RECEIVER

First section is the transmitting part which is used to transmit continuous IR radiations. A

simple IR diode circuit is used for this purpose.IR diode emits infrared radiation. This radiation

illuminates the surface in front of diode. Surface reflects the infrared light. Depending on

reflectivity of the surface, amount of light reflected varies. This reflected light is made incident

on IR receiver. As intensity of incident rays varies, voltage across resistor will vary. IR diode is

used as a source of infrared rays. IR sensor is nothing but a diode, which is sensitive for infrared

radiation.

3.2.3 LED ARRAY

As soon as the IR transmitter-receiver path is cut, output of IR receiver trigger the thyrister

2P4M through a transistor. As thyrister is ON,it starts conducting and so LED glows.Thyrister

once triggered is made OFF only when the power supply is removed.



3.2.4 MULTIVIBRATOR

Output of this section given to pin4 of a multi vibrator.Whenever pin4 receives high

signal,multivibrator starts working and thus produces alarm for the induction of insecurity of the

room.

DESIGN

MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

VC (t) = VC(∞) +[ VC(()) - VC(∞) ]e-T/RC

2/3VCC = VCC + ( 0 – VCC)e-T/RC

2/3VCC = VCC (1- e-T/RC

)

e-T/RC

= 1/3

T/RC = ln3

T = 1.1RC

R = 100KΩ

C =100µF



Chapter 4

PCB LAYOUT

Fig 4.1 Pcb layout



Chapter 5

COMPONENTS

5.1 RESISTORS

330Ω, 100Ω, 1KΩ, 10KΩ, 100KΩ

5.2 CAPACITORS

1000 µF, 100 µF, 0.1 µF

5.3 SEMICONDUCTORS

BC 548 (npn)

IN 4001

2P4M

5.4 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

LM 7805

LM 7812

NE 555



Chapter 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages

Provide more security

Easy detection of unsecured room

Fewer components, so easy to maintain

Less complex circuit

power consumption

Economical

Disadvantages

• The range of transmission is quite short compared to wired transmission. The

performance will drop off if the distance to the receiver is out of range for the infrared

device

• The transmitters and receivers must be closely aligned to communicate by being directly

in sight of each other



Chapter 7

APPLICATIONS

Apartments are more secured using this system.

Provides security system in buildings.

Provides security for schools.

It can be used in homes.



Chapter 8

PRECAUTIONS

1. The device should be maintained properly, especially the IR part.

2. The power source should be checked frequently.



RESULT

If any one of the IR transmitter- receiver path is obstructed, then led corresponding to that glow

along with the alarm.



FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION

The security system can be improved by replacing LED array with an LED segment display.

So very large number of rooms or flats will be able to represent by numbers in the segment

display.

Day by day, all over the world different types of robberies are increasing. To defend

against robs many security systems are already in the market. The main advantage of this

security system is to detect the opened door together with an alarm. The aim of this project has

been designed and developed within the time slotted allotted for us.



REFERENCES

www.liveprojectworks.com

www.homesecurityandalarms.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.futurelec.com

Power Electronics-Dr. P S Bimbhra

http://www.futurelec.com/



APPENDIX



IR DIODES

TSAL6100X01 is a high efficiency infrared emitting diode in GaAlAs/GaAs technology, molded in clear,

blue grey tinted plastic packages. TSAL6100X01 is released to Smoke-automatic Fire Detector

application by the UL.

Features

• Extra high radiant power and radian tIntensity

• High reliability

• UL qualification UR0X2.S8867, Smoke automatic Fire Detectors-component

• Low forward voltage

• Suitable for high pulse current operation

• Standard T-1¾ (∅ 5 mm) package

• Angle of half intensity ϕ = ± 10°

• matching to Si photo detectors

• Lead (Pb)-free Peak wavelength λp = 940 nm

• Good spectral component

• Component in accordance to RoHS 2002/95/EC and WEEE 2002/96/EC

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.active-robots.com/products/components/led-diodes/ir-led_pl.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.active-robots.com/products/components/led-diodes.shtml&usg=__a5oi6QiGe3H1mluxXdzTuWiO7NM=&h=404&w=500&sz=45&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=2IgLgt4x-Wj1UM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=IR+DIODE&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&itbs=1



LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source. The LED was discovered in the

early 20th century, and introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962. All early devices

emitted low-intensity red light, but modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet and

infra red wavelengths, with very high brightness.

LEDs are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is

forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with

holes and energy is released in the form of light. This effect is called

electroluminescence and the color of the light is determined by the

energy gap of the semiconductor. The LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm2) with

integrated optical components to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection

Applications of LEDs are diverse. They are used as low-energy replacements for

traditional light sources in well-established applications such as indicators and automotive

lighting. The compact size of LEDs has allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be

developed, while their high switching rates are useful in communications technology.

This LED will glow when the sensor output becomes ‘1’. Anode of RED LED is connected to pin

25(RC6/TX) through 1k resistor and cathode connected to ground. Anode of green LED connected to

24(RC5/SDO) through 1k resistor and cathode connected to ground.



POWER SUPPLY (LM7805)

In our project electronic logic systems such as microcontroller unit and LCD display uses

+5V and other system needs +9V. Both these voltages are produced by the power supply circuit from the

9V battery itself. Voltage regulator LM7805 is used here in order to provide +5V power supply.

Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry

for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. IC

units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set

voltage. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes

to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli watts to tens of watts.

A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input

terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected

to ground.

The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly,

the series 79 regulators provide fixed negative regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts.

The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-

220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of

applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area

protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver



over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be

used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

Features

• Output Current up to 1A

• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

• Thermal Overload Protection

NE555

Features

• High Current Drive Capability (200mA)

• Adjustable Duty Cycle

• Temperature Stability of 0.005%/C

• Timing from Sec to Hours

• Turn off Time Less than 2microSec

Applications:

• Precision Timing

• Pulse Generation

• Time Delay Generation

• Sequential Timing



Description

The LM555/NE555 is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate timing pulses. With

a monostable operation, he time delay is controlled by one external resistor and one capacitor. With an

astable operation, the frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled by two external resistors and

one capacitor.



THYRISTOR 2P4M

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