University of Guam 1 University of Guam WERI Water and Environmental Research Institute of the...

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1 WERI University of Guam WERI WERI Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific GUAM’S WATER ISSUES

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Page 1: University of Guam 1 University of Guam WERI Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific GUAM’S WATER ISSUES WERI 2 WERI 3 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA

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University of Guam

WERIWERI

Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific

GUAM’S WATER ISSUES

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COMMONWEALTHOF THE

NORTHERN MARIANAISLANDS

REPUBLIC OF PALAU

YAP STATE

CHUUKSTATE

POHNPEI STATE

KOSRAESTATE

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

GUAM

140 150 1600

10

20WESTERN PACIFIC

ISLANDS

+ +400 MILES

7

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Geologic Map of Guam

(Modified and Simplified from Tracey et. al 1964)

Artificial fillAlluviam depositBeach depositMerizo LimestoneMarianas LimestoneAlifan LimestoneJanum FormationBarrigada LimestoneBonya LimestoneBolanos Volcanics (incl. Dan Dan Flow)Facpi VolcanicsMaemong LimestoneAlutom Formation (incl. Mahlac Shale)

N

EW

S

5 0 5 Kilometers

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WATER RESOURCES REGIONS

NORTHERN GUAMLIMESTONE AQUIFER

SOUTHERN GUAM VOLCANICS SURFACE WATER

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MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALLR

AIN

FALL

IN

INC

HES

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

JAN

FEB

MAR AP

RM

AY JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCTNO

VDEC

NAS GAGE

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GUAM ANNUAL RAIN

NOTE: POST-EL NINO YEARS IN RED

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

NOTE: RED INDICATES POST EL NINO YEARS

NORMAL

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TOTAL DAILY RAINFALL 19 INCHES

Typhoon ChataanJuly 4, 2002

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Winds 150 mphWith Gusts 184

TOTAL DAILY RAIN 16 INCH

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• Groundwater

• Water Quality

• Water Distribution System

• Flooding

Critical Issues

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Groundwater LensGroundwater Lens

• Sustainable Yield

• Production

• Saltwater Intrusion

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Sustainable YieldThe rate that water that can be pumped from the lens without:

(1) decreasing water quality

(2) threatening quantity for future use

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production map

#

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Finegayan6.4 mgd6.1 mgd95%

Yigo-Tumon19 mgd16 mgd

84 %Agana12 mgd11 mgd

92 %

Agafa Gumas10.1 mgd1.1 mgd10 %

1998 Aquifer Production and Estimated 1982 Sustainable Yield

Mangilao4 mgd2 mgd50%

Andersen6.2 mgd0.8 mgd13 %

Sustainable Yield 57 mgd

1998 Production 37 mgd (65 % SY)

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32.5

33

33.5

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34.5

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35.5

36

36.5

37

37.5

1995 1996 1997 1998

YEAR

MG

D

GWA Aquifer Production

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Saltwater Intrusionin the NGLA

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# production w ell

sub-basin boundary

# GW A production w ell w /chloride concentration = or > 250 m g/l

N

Agafa GumasSub-basin

AndersenSub-basin

MangilaoSub-basin

FinegayanSub-basin

Yigo-TumonSub-basin

AganaSub-basin

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local upconing

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regional saltwater intrusion

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SEWER LIFT STATIONSFAILURES

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Harmon Sink

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TUMON BAY TOURISM CENTER FOR OUR ISLAND

Sewer Lift Station Overflows

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Contamination

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RECENT CRISISSouthern Link Pump Station

May 21, 2000: A pump shut down and Raw Sewage overflow into pump station

May 23, 2000: Replacement pump breaks due to wrong electrical control panel

Jan 2001: 62.4MG Raw Sewage has gushed out into Harmon Sink

Jan 2001: 12 MG More into Harmon Sink

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RECENT CRISISSouthern Link Pump Station

(cont.)March 9, 2001: Tumon Bay was closed

because of Bacterial contaminationMarch 12, 2001: Broken pipe dumps

6 MGD of Raw Sewage into Harmon Sink

March 14, 2001: Governor declare state of emergency

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Green Algae Problem in Tumon BayGreen Algae Problem in Tumon Bay

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SEWAGE LIFT STATIONS

19

Chaot and other failing lift stations are prime suspects for contamination of well water supplies.

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RECENT CRISISChaot Pump Station

March 9, 10, 12, 2001: Wells A-6, A-29, A-30 in Ordot, Hagatna, and Sinajana shows the presence of total coliform & E.coli bacteria.

Cause: Raw Sewage overflow from Chaot pump station for the last 5 years

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ACTION ! March 14: Gov. declared an

emergency and issued an executive order asking Legislature to allow GWA to enter into public-private partnerships???

! GWA injected a large amount of chlorine to the wells in affected area ???

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ACTION (cont.)

! Hotel and Restaurant Assoc. agreed to provide money to fix the Fujita, Liguan and Southern Link pump stations, in exchange for GWA rate reduction

! GWA is in the process of finding a private contractor to maintain 22 pump stations

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WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONCERNS

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HOT COMMUNICATIONBert Johnston:! We are dealing with a $300M piece of

equipment! Recent problems are due to:

Aged pipes & facilitiesLack of proper maintenanceInability of the system to handle various wastes

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HOT COMMUNICATION(cont.)

Senator Joanne Brown:! Water utility needs qualified

individuals managing the agency! Proper maintenance plans are

essential, and GWA needs to prioritize projects

! Money is not a problem, but management is

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THAT’S WHY WE NEED THESE

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Typhoon Chataan over Guam

FLOOD CONTROL ISSUES

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FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ISSUES

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FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ISSUES

! Guam is not enforcing appropriate Flood Plain Management Regulations as required by FEMA

! Flooding maps are outdated– Rainfall frequency statistics need updating– Flood plains need re-delineation

! Need to examine recent flooding for calibration of models

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Summary Comments Summary Comments And And QuestionsQuestions

WERIWERI

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THANK YOU


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