13

sultation with my friend Dr. Bovill, who agreed to ligatureof the subclavian inside the thyroid axis. When this hadbeen done, with an antiseptic catgut ligature, the pressurewas removed. Bleeding recurred, but was at once stoppedby crucial transfixion and ligature of the vessels en masse.This was an extremely difficult procedure, because of theclose and deep relation of the vessels to the mobile scapula.The same cause precluded the application of ligatures inany other way, as well as permanent pressure.The patient rallied badly after the operation, and died on

the third day.On examination of the tumour and the wound, it was

found that an angiomatous mass connected, as it were, thetumour with the soft parts about the upper border of thescapula. The growth itself was solid and fibrous, except atits base, which was occupied by a mass of tortuous dilatedbloodvessels. No further post-mortem examination wasallowed, and we were unable to satisfy ourselves as to theexact anastomosis which kept up the bleeding after the firstpart of the subclavian was tied.

This case, though disastrous, was sufficiently interesting, themore so as, within a short period, lhadan opportunity of seeinga similar one, in the practice of the late Professor of Surgeryin Calcutta, Dr. Gayer. In this instance the tumour occupiedthe lower and inner part of the thigh, and there was nothingwhatever to indicate its angiomatous nature except, as inthe first case, a deficiency of mobility. Dr. Gayer attemptedits removal. From the commencement of the operationthere was free bleeding, notwithstanding the use of Es-march’s appliances ; but while the incisions at the base ofthe tumour were in progress it became so uncontrollable thatDr. Gayer promptly amputated the thigh, as the onlypossible means of arresting it. The limb was examined,and a large network of immense tortuous vessels was foundoccupying the base of the tumour, which was otherwisesolid.The extraordinary difficulty of controlling the circulation,

which necessitated amputation, was explained by the stateof the femoral artery. This vessel was dilated, atheroma-tous, and extensively ossified, so that not only was there nopulsation in the tumour in the first place, but the pressureof the elastic cord produced no effect on the calibre of theartery and the flow of blood through it during the operation.Lahore.

A MirrorOF

HOSPITAL PRACTICE,BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL.

[THROAT DEPARTMENT.]PARALYSIS OF THE CRICO-ARYTENOIDEI POSTICI OR

DILATORS OF THE GLOTTIS.

(Under the care of Dr. POORE.)

Nulla autem est alia pro certo noscendi via, nisi quamplnrimas et morborumet dissectiorum historias, turn aliorum turn proprias collectas habere, etinter se comparare.—MORG AGNI De Sed. et Caus, Morb., lib, iv. Proœmium

G. S-, aged thirty-three, a carpenter, complained thatfor the last twelve months he had had a feeling "as if hebreathed through muslin," and further stated that when heran or exerted himself the breathing became stertorous.The voice was unaffected. On laryngoscopic examinationthe laryngeal mucous membrane had a normal appearance.During phonation the cords approximated thoroughly; duringinspiration there was no abduction of the cords ; the glottisremained a mere chink, and no effort of forced inspirationserved to increase the distance between them. During ex-piration the distance between the cords was much greaterthan during inspiration. The arytenoid cartilages presentedthe appearance of being tiltecl backwards. He stated thatsixteen years ago he had " a lump as big as his fist " on thefront of his throat, and that one of his sisters had the samething. This was probably an enlargement of the thyroidbody. There was no lump or enlargement of any kindwhen seen; could swallow without difficulty. When

pressure was made upon the posterior margin of the alæ ofthe thyroid cartilage there appeared to be some unduetenderness. There was no evidence of any intra-thoracictumour; no paralysis of the tongue or palate ; no want oflaryngeal sensibility. There was a doubtful history ofsyphilis ten years ago. Patient said he had got thin lately,and looked depressed ; suffers from pain under the eyes, andsays that for the past three months he has occasionally,when at work, " felt shaky all over, especially in the headand eyes." There is no lead line ; no tremor of the limbs;no symptoms of ataxy ; no muscular wasting.-Remarks.-This patient was evidently suffering from that

rare condition, paralysis of the crico-arytenoidei posticior abductors of the cords. All other muscles of the larynx,the adductors, and tensors, seemed to act perfectly. Thecause of the peculiar appearance of the arytenoid carti.lages was not evident. The cause of the want of power inthe abductors was doubtful. The condition of the patientwas more suggestive of hysteria than of any organic diseaseaffecting the origin of the pneumogastric nerves. Therewas no evidence of any injury to the muscles themselves,or of any injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves in theircourse. The patient was given iron and iodide of potassium,and was lost sight of when the hospital was closed foralterations during the past autumn.

PARESIS OF THE ADDUCTORS OF THE CORDS.

This condition, which is the one which gives rise to the,so-called hysterical aphonia, is perhaps the most common ofall the paralytic affections of the larynx. The paralysis isseldom complete, and therefore the term paresis seems pre-ferable. Two cases occurred in girls aged respectively six-teen and eighteen. They were both completely aphonic, andquite unable to speak above a whisper. They were bothanæmic, both suffered from globus hystericus, both weremuch troubled by vomiting after meals ; and in both a furredtongue, with enlarged papillae at the tip and edges, gaveevidence of a condition of gastric catarrh. A laryngoscopicexamination showed that the larynx was healthy, but thatduring attempts at phonation there was scarcely any approxi-mation of the vocal cords, and that of a tremulous, hesitatingcharacter. The application of faradaism directly to thelarynx was tried in both cases. It produced a momentarymonosyllabic cry of discomfort, but no permanent benefit,and its use was not persevered with. The treatment was atfirst directed towards the relief of the gastric condition bythe administration of mercurial purgatives, and this wasff.llowed by the treatment of the anæmia. A mixture con-taining perchloride of iron was ordered, combined with suffi-cieut exercise and a nutritious diet. In both cases theaphonia had completely disappeared at the end of a fewweeks.Weeks.

The third case was that of a boy, aged twelve, who wascompletely aphonic, and had been previously treated forlaryngitis. An examination of the larynx showed anextreme degree of paresis of the adductors of the cords,combined with a very marked anaemia of the larynx. Thepatient was an anæmic, delicate-looking lad, but the pallidcondition of the laryngeal mucous membrane was far greaterthan that of any other part. It was indeed a real case ofwhat has been described as laryngeal anæmia. He wastreated by the administration of cod-liver oil and steel wine,anil after a few weeks his voice became normally strong.

Remarks.—These patients are always aphonic ratherthan hourse. Hoarseness is dw.racteristi., of thickening orroughening of the glottic aperture, which in these cases isnever present, and accordinaly we find that true hoarsenessis very seldom observed. This form of vocal palsy, althoughoften occurring in hysterical women, seems to be due in mostcases to anæmia, and is probably caused by an actual wantof muscular power in the adductor muscles. When theanæmia disappears, the voice returns, and it is very seldomnecessary to -have recourse to local treatment cf any kind.The throat should not be coddled, but should be ratherstimulated in moderation by the use of cold water. Freshair is always necessary for these patients, and they shouldbe made to take daily exercise out of doors.be .

OZÆNA.

In several cases of chronic inflammation of the nasal andpharyngeal cavities giving rise to offensive discharge, Dr.Poore has found decided benefit result from the use of astimulant and antiseptic snuff having the following formula :biborate of soda, nitrate of bismuth, of each one drachm ;

14 HOSPITAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

disulphate of quinine, ten grains; iodoform, five grains. 7This snuff has the effect of stopping the fetor and greatlydiminishing the amount of discharge from the nostrils. Itis liable, as are all snuffs when used for similar conditions, tocake in the nostrils, and it is therefore necessary to

thoroughly wash out the nostrils once a day. This may bedone by means of a nasal douche, or the patient may easilybe taught to snuff a lotion up the nose and allow it to runout of the mouth. A teaspoonful of glycerine of boraxdissolved in a wineglass of tepid water forms an excellentwash for the nose, and with a little instruction patientslearn how to wash out their nasal and pharyngeal cavitieswithout the aid either of syringe or douche apparatus.In cases where the ozaena is of a simple kind, not due tocaries or necrosis of bone, but rather to a sluggish inflamma-tory action occurring in a scrofulous subject, considerablebenefit is often derived from the administration of the sul-phide of calcium in doses of half a grain (in pill), takenthree times a day. It is often necessary to cleanse the nasaland pharyngeal cavities with a brush inserted through theanterior nares, and also behind the soft palate, so as to reachthe summit of the pharynx. The brush may be moistenedwith glycerine of tannin, and after the cavities have beencleansed a little dry iodoform may be passed into the cavi-ties on the tip of the brush.

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE INFIRMARY.

EPITHELIOMA OF THE UTERUS.

(Under the care of Dr. PHILIPSON.)FOR the notes of the following case we are indebted to

Mr. E. L. Prowde, M.A.C. B-, aged thirty-one, admitted May llth, 1880.

She admitted to having lived a dissolute life, and to havingsuffered from syphilis. Four months previous to her admis-sion she suffered from pains in her loins, shooting round herback and down her thighs. Her menstruation was dis-ordered. This was followed by a discharge, "like dirty-coloured water," of a very foul odour. There were also

nausea, loss of appetite, and waste of flesh. On vaginalexamiuation a growth was found of about the size of an

apple attached to the cervix, fungoid and soft, and easilybroken down with the finger. On microscopical examinationof the detritus cancer cells were clearly recognised. OnJune 5th Dr. J. D. Dixon, the senior house-surgeon, withthe ecraseur removed the mass. The actual cautery wasthen applied, and ice was subsequently placed in thevagina. On July 4th, upon examination, it was found thatthe growth had returned. At this time Chian turpentinewas administered internally. On July 24th it was notedthat the discharge was not so copious nor so sanguineous,and also that it was not of such a foul odour. At the be-ginning of August, in consequence of the supply of Chianturpentine having been exhausted, the tincture of the per-chloride of iron was substituted, but apparently not with thesame beneficial influence as the Chian turpentine. Theheemorrhagic discharge again increased, and the pain alsobecame greater. The pain was somewhat relieved by thehypodermic injection of morphia, and also with the morphiaand belladonna suppository. Gradually her strength failed,and she died on Sept. 26th.At the autopsy, the cavity of the peritoneum was found to

contain a small quantity of sero-purulent fluid. The liverwas firmly adherent to the abdominal walls by old bands.The pelvis was almost entirely filled with a hard whitemass, resembling scirrhus, ascending to the pre-vertebraltissue, embracing the vessels and infiltrating the tissues.The same mass extended into the pelvis, matting togetherhe pelvic organs. Attached to and surrounding the cervixuteri was a mass resembling brain tissue, as large as auorange. The body of the uterus was small, but normal.The left ovary was gristly and larger than natural. Theliver presentel the appearance of lardaceous degeneration.The kidneys were both large and pale, the capsules beingadherent, and on section were found to be infiltrated withsmall nodule?, almost like purulent punctures, collectedapparently into groups, rather than being dispersed. Theinterior of the aladder presented raspberry granulations.Remarks by Dr. PHILIPSON.—The chief interest of this

case was the limitation of the disease to the cervix uteri,

the fundus of the organ being normal. The cancerousgrowth had extended by infiltration to the surroundingtextures, there being no secondary formations. The Chianturpentine had appeared to have been of service, thehaemorrhagic discharge having lessened during the time of

its administration. ____________LINCOLN COUNTY HOSPITAL.

IDIOPATHIC ANÆMIA TREATED WITH ARSENIC AND

DIALYSED IRON.

(Under the care of Dr. MITCHINSON.)FOR the following notes we are indebted to Mr. W. J.

Cant, house-surgeon.K. J-, aged twenty-four, was admitted on August 16th,

1880, suffering from extreme pallor, having a peculiar yellowtinge, the mucous membranes looking perfectly white andbloodless. She complained of extreme weakness and slightheadache, but otherwise no pain anywhere. There was

diarrhoea, with occasional vomiting; but these symptoms didnot appear until the disease was far advanced. On examiningthe organs no organic disease could be detected. The urinewas free from albumen and bile, and there was no increase inquantity, nor was there any deposit. Specific gravity1008. The patient took her food fairly well, and there wasno pain after it. She was somewhat emaciated, and therewas slight oedema of the legs. On auscultation loudanaemic murmurs were heard in the heart and over thecardiac region. No enlarged glands or spleen could befound. The catamenia were regular. The illness datedback for about twelve months, when without any cause thepatient gradually lost her colour and became weak.

i The blood, drawn with some difficulty, was on examina-tion found to be watery and light in colour. Under the mi-croscope the red corpuscles were seen to be much diminishedin number, pale in colour, did not form rouleaux, butcollected in heaps; many were irregular, some crenated, andothers tailed with variations in size and undergoing move-ments.

Tested with the hæmoglobinometer the haemoglobin wasfound to be only 10 per cent. of the normal. The tempera-tare was raised and the pulse was quick and feeble.Soon after admission thirty drops of a solution of dialysed

iron was ordered to be given three times a day, with a dietof milk, beef-tea, and egg. Under this treatment thepatient did not improve and seemed to be getting worse.Indeed, about three weeks afterwards a message was sentin the night that the patient was dying, and when she wasvisited scarcely any pulsations could be detected at thewrist, and the patient looked as though she could not lasttill the morning. Two ounces of brandy were given inwater, after which her condition slightly improved.On Sept. 5th three drops of arsenical solution were added

to the medicine, and after a few daysimprovement was seento have commenced, and the medicine was ordered to begiven four times a day. In a few weeks the vomitingceased, the colour began to appear in the lips and gums andthe patient looked much improved. There was no diarrhcea.and headache was not complained of. The pulse was fullerand less quick, the haemoglobin was raised to 30 per cent.,and the patient was allowed to sit up in bed.On Oct. 4th (seven weeks after commencing arsenic) the

haemoglobin was 40 per cent. of the normal, the colour hadreturned to the cheeks, lips, and gums, and the patient saidshe felt quite well, and was allowed to leave her bed ; andalthough at first there was marked weakness, she soonwalked without difficulty, and in three weeks after the lastdate recorded she was sufficiently well to leave the hospitaland perform her ordinary household duties.

Before leaving the hospital the blood was examined, andfound to be of a bright and natural colour, the corpuscleswere greatly increased in number, and the haemoglobin was75 per cent. of the normal. As regards the family history,the father had some enlarged glands in the neck, whichwere removed by Mr. Sympson, and there is one sister whois anæmic.Aug. lGth : Morning temperature 102.0° ; pulse 120.

Evening temperature 1044° ; pulse 140.—17th : Morningtemperature 1020°; pulse 118. Evening temperature 102.4 ;

! pulse 136.—22nd : Morning temperature 1000°; pulse 114.,Evening temperature 98.8° ; pulse 110.—27th: Morning