The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities Jamil Salmi Shangai 20 October 2010.
Universities: Will They Remain the Same? Jamil Salmi Hong Kong, 24 March 2009.
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Transcript of Universities: Will They Remain the Same? Jamil Salmi Hong Kong, 24 March 2009.
Universities: Will They Remain the Same?
Jamil SalmiHong Kong, 24 March 2009
2
the future of tertiary education?
3
a world of science fiction?
• social and economic progress
is achieved principally through
the advancement and
application of knowledge
World Development Report 1998/99
4
are universities ready?
5
outline of the presentation...
• importance of knowledge
• changing education & training needs
• emerging challenges
6
explaining the difference between poverty and wealth
© K4D program
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Real
GDP
per c
apita
(200
0 US$
)
South Korea
BrazilDifference in output due to growth in labor and capital in Korea
Difference in output due to TFP growth or knowledge accumulation in Korea
7
creative work in the economy
8
9
evolution of Nokia sales
10
12
13
14
resolving environmental problems
15
knowledge for safety
16
disaster preparedness
sismology
vulcanology
climatology (floods, tsunamis, droughts, etc.)
17
Tsunami26 December 2004
18
acceleration of speed of creation of new
knowledge
19
how can we update our knowledge?
20
outline of the presentation...
• importance of knowledge
• changing education & training needs
21
changing education and training needs
• higher skill levels
22
Italy
Den
mark
No
rway
Au
str
alia
Neth
erl
an
ds
Fra
nce
Au
str
alia
Germ
an
y
Ko
rea
Sw
itzerl
an
d
Irela
nd
Can
ad
a
Czech
Rep
ub
lic
Fin
lan
d
Hu
ng
ary
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Po
rtu
gal
% index260
100 40
Ital
y
Den
mar
k
No
rway
Au
stra
lia
Net
her
lan
ds
Fra
nce
Au
stra
lia
Ger
man
y
Ko
rea
Sw
itze
rlan
d
Irel
and
Can
ada
Cze
chR
epu
blic
Fin
lan
d
Hu
ng
ary
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Po
rtu
gal
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Below upper secondary Tertiary-type B Tertiary-type A and advanced research
% index220
100
40
Source: Table A14.1 in OECD 2003
Female
Male
relative earning gaps are increasing
23
Korea and China
19751975
20002000
19801980
68%
1%
31%
1%
34%
65%
3%
45%
52%
19601960
19801980
20002000
80%
3%
17%
49%
42%
9%
18%
55%
26%
24
changing education and training needs
• higher skill levels
• flexibility to adapt to change
25
changes in job task-skill demands in the USA
(1960 – 1998)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1998Perce
ntile
Chan
ge
Expert Thinking
ComplexCommunication
Routine Manual
Routine Cognitive
Non-Routine Manual
Source: Autor, Levy, and Murnane (2003) “The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration,” Quarterly Journal of Economics.
26
27
2006 PISA results
Percentage of students at each proficiency level on the mathematics scale
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6
% P
erce
ntag
e of s
tude
nts a
t eac
h pr
ofici
ency
leve
l
Finland Korea Ireland Colombia Brazil Indonesia Hong Kong-China
28
29
changing education and training needs
• higher skill levels
• flexibility to adapt to change
• need for continuing education
30
from innocence
31
… to wisdom
32
university of the future?
postgraduate
studies
first degree
continuing education
33
Continuing education
Career change studies
Graduate studies
Undergraduate studies
university of the future?
34
changing education and training needs
• higher skill levels
• flexibility to adapt to change
• need for continuing education
• learning to learn and unlearn continuously
35
36
37
new pedagogical approaches
• focus on learning tailored to needs of individuals rather than teaching
• new and varied modalities for learning: interactive & collaborative learning
38
when you want…
39
where you want…
40
41
42
44
46
new pedagogical approaches
• focus on learning tailored to needs of individuals rather than teaching
• new and varied modalities for learning: interactive & collaborative learning
• reliance on advanced education technology in appropriate ways
47
48
new pedagogical approaches
• focus on learning tailored to needs of individuals rather than teaching
• new and varied modalities for learning: interactive & collaborative learning
• reliance on advanced education technology in appropriate ways
• teacher as guide and facilitator
49
“In the early twenty-first century, people will be able to study what they want, when they want, where they want, and in the language they prefer, electronically.“
Peter Knight, July 1994
50
outline of the presentation...
• importance of knowledge
• changing education & training needs
• emerging challenges
51
opportunity or
challenge?
52
emerging challenges
• world-class universities
• quality and relevance
• values and ethics
• impact of the financial tsunami
• flexibility
53
54
55
56
top 50 universities
57
SJTU ranking (2008)
Country Ranking Country Rank of
Top University in Country 1 USA 1 2 UK 4 3 Japan 19 4 Switzerland 24 4 Canada 24 6 France 42 7 Denmark 45 8 Netherlands 47 9 Sweden 51 10 Germany 55 11 Australia 59 12 Norway 64 13 Israel 65 14 Finland 68 15 Russia 70
16-20 Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Singapore
101 – 151
21-26 Argentina, Austria, Mexico, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan
152 – 200
27-33 China, Czech Republic, Greece. Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa
201 – 302
34-36 Hungary, India, Poland 303 – 401 37-40 Chile, Portugal, Slovenia,
Turkey 402 – 503
Hong Kong and mainland China
universities in the world rankings
2008/09
59
Shanghai Jiao Tong University: ARWU 2008
9 universities in top 300
• 201-302• Chinese University Hong Kong • Hong Kong University of Science & Technology• Nanjing University • Peking University • Shanghai Jiao Tong University• Tsinghua University• University of Hong Kong • University of Science & Technology of China• Zhejiang University
60
THE-QS World Universities Ranking 2008
12 universities in top 400
• 26 University of Hong Kong
• 39 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
• 42 The Chinese University of Hong Kong• 50 Peking University• 56 Tsinghua University• 113 Fudan University• 141 University of Science and Technology of
China• 143 Nanjing University• 144 Shanghai Jiao Tong University• 147 City University of Hong Kong• 229 Zhejiang University• 386 Tianjin University
61
WebometricsJanuary 2009
Ten universities
in top 500
• 117 Peking University• 121 University of Hong Kong• 156 Chinese University of Hong Kong• 241 Tsinghua University China• 355 Shanghai Jiao Tong University• 387 Hong Kong University of Science &
Technology• 425 ZheJiang University• 435 City University of Hong Kong • 477 Fudan University• 482 Hong Kong Polytechnic University
62
what it means to be world class
• concentration of talent
• abundant resources
• appropriate governance
AutonomyAcademic Freedom
StudentsTeaching StaffResearchers
Research Output
Technology Transfer
Concentration of Talent
Abundant
Resources Favorable Governance
Leadership TeamStrategic VisionCulture of Excellence
Public Budget Resources
Endowment Revenues
Tuition Fees
Research Grants
WCU
Supportive Regulatory Framework
Graduates
Characteristics of a World-Class UniversityAlignment of Key Factors
Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi
64
what it means to be world class (II)
• research universities or all types of tertiary institutions?
• every institution or a select few?
“For sale: charming and peaceful residence away from neighbors, with a wonderful view of the sea, a grand period staircase, and lots and lots of light…”
66
quality and relevance
• programs– professional skills– soft competencies
• creativity
67
68
luxury Razr with lizard skin
69
Giorgio Armani-Samsung mobile
70
71
72
74
76
creativity
• invent
• experiment
• think out of the box
• take chances
• break the rules
• make mistakes
• and have fun…
77
creative work in the economy
Hong KongHong Kong
78
quality and relevance
• programs– professional skills– soft competencies
• creativity
• measurement of student learning outcomes
• effectiveness of e-learning
79
ethical dimensions
• humanistic values
80
81
ethical dimensions
• humanistic values
• conflict of interest in research
• rules for fund raising
• environmental responsibility
82
is the golden era over?
83
impact of the crisis
• quality
• equity
• opportunity for further investment as engine of growth
• need to have multiple funding sources and practice contingency planning
84
flexibility
85
86
flexibility
• good feedback mechanisms
• strategic planning to orient change
• ability to react and adapt rapidly
88
conclusion
89
90
a brave new world?
91
the brick university
92
the click university
93
94
competing in the learning society...
95
competing in the learning society...
96
competing in the learning society...
97
competing in the learning society...
99
crisis
100
danger
101
opportunity
102
crisis
=
danger + opportunity
what is your vision?
104