UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA EFFICIENT SIGNALING SCHEDULE … · 2018-04-09 · Standard piawaian...
Transcript of UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA EFFICIENT SIGNALING SCHEDULE … · 2018-04-09 · Standard piawaian...
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
AHMAD SABRI MOUSA SAQER
FK 2012 63
EFFICIENT SIGNALING SCHEDULE FOR CENTRALIZED AND DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR WIMAX MULTI-HOP
RELAY NETWORKS
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EFFICIENT SIGNALING SCHEDULE FOR CENTRALIZED AND
DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR WIMAX MULTI-HOP
RELAY NETWORKS
By
AHMAD SABRI MOUSA SAQER
Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, University Putra Malaysia,
in Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
December 2011
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DEDICATION
قال تعاىل:
نا اإلنسان بوالديه حلته أمه )) (( وهنا على وهن وفصاله ف عامي أن اشكر ل ولوالديك إل المصي ووصي
14لقمان
This thesis is dedicated to:
my beloved parents,
my dearest wife and daughter who have waiting for me for a long time,
my brothers and sisters,
my parents, brother and sisters in-laws
all of my friends
and to my beloved home land Jordan.
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ABSTRACT
Abstract of the thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfillment
of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
EFFICIENT SIGNALING SCHEDULE FOR CENTRALIZED AND
DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR WIMAX MULTI-HOP
RELAY NETWORKS
By
AHMAD SABRI MOUSA SAQER
December 2011
Chairman: Raja Syamsul Azmir bin Raja Abdullah, PhD
Faculty: Engineering
The Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.16j standard uses relay
station to extend coverage and enhance throughput for remote users at the base station.
The IEEE 802.16 standards specify services and how the transmissions should occur.
However, the way how to run these services and when the transmission should be
started are the task of scheduling algorithms which are not specified in the IEEE 802.16
standards. The IEEE standards left the design of scheduling algorithms open for the
manufacturers. However, the scheduler is a very important component in wireless
systems and the scheduling period presents the most common challenging issue in
terms of time delay. This thesis presents new scheduling algorithms; centralized and
distributed scheduling algorithms, for the WiMAX Multihop Relay (MR) Networks
taking into account the bandwidth allocation signaling scheme for both the centralized
and distributed scheduling modes. The proposed algorithms aim at making the MR
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network auto-configurable and flexible through reducing overhead and improving the
network throughput. The proposed algorithms were also customized to produce
signaling with less time delay over relay-link.
In order to evaluate the proposed algorithms and validate their efficiency for IEEE
802.16j networks, the authors simulated the algorithms in QualNet simulator.
Evaluation of the proposed centralized scheduling algorithm (MR-CSA) was carried
out through comparing its performance with those of the Round Robin and the
centralized pairing algorithms. On the other hand, the proposed distributed scheduling
algorithm (MR-DSA) was evaluated by comparing its performance against
performances of Greedy and the factor-graph-based low-complexity distributed
scheduling algorithm (FGDS) algorithms in terms of delay, throughput, and overhead.
Validation of the proposed algorithm (MR-CSA) was based on comparison of its
performance with the performance of the centralized pairing algorithm while the
proposed MR-DSA algorithm was validated through comparing its performance against
that of the factor-graph-based low-complexity distributed scheduling algorithm (FGDS)
algorithms in terms of throughput and the average packet throughput. The simulation
results highlighted that the proposed algorithms (MR-CSA and MR-DSA) outperform
all previous algorithms with the current signaling scheme. The proposed algorithms
achieve higher performance in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput, overhead, link
utilization, and fairness index than all other algorithms.
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ABSTRAK
Abstrak tesis ini dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia sebagai
memenuhi keperluan untuk ijazah Master of Science
PENJADUALAN PROSEDUR PENGIRAAN TERPUSAT DAN TERAGIHKAN
UNTUK PELBAGAI LALUAN PENGHANTARAN DALAM JARINGAN
WIMAX
Oleh
AHMAD SABRI MOUSA SAQER
Disember 2011
Pengerusi: Raja Syamsul Azmir bin Raja Abdullah, PhD
Fakulti: Kejuruteraan
Standard piawaian 802.16j Institut Jurutera Elektrik dan Elektronik (Institute of
Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)) menggunakan stesen penghantar untuk
meluaskan liputan dan seterusnya meningkatkan jumlah penghantaran bagi pengguna
pengguna terpencil di stesen pengkalan. Standard piawaian IEEE 802.16 menentukan
jenis perkhidmatan dan cara bagaimana penghantaran tersebut sepatutnya berlaku.
Walau bagaimana pun, cara bagaimana perkhidmatan ini dilakukan dan bilakah masa
yg sepatutnya penghantaran bermula merupakan tugas bagi penjadualan prosedur
pengiraan. Ini kerana penjadualan ini tidak ditentukan dalam standard piawaian IEEE
8012.6. Standard piawaian IEEE meninggalkan reka bentuk prosedur pengiraan
berjadual kepada para pihak pengeluar. Akan tetapi, susunan acara merupakan
komponen yang terpenting dalam system tanpa wayar dan tempoh masa bagi
penjadualan merupakan isu yang paling mencabar dalam soal masa dan penangguhan
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masa. Tesis ini membentangkan prosedur pengiraan berjadual yang baru iaitu
pemusatan dan jadual penyebaran prosedur pengiraan untuk menghantarnya dalam
pelbagai laluan penghantaran (Multihop Relay (MR)) bagi jaringan WIMAX. Justeru,
ia mengambil kira lebar jalur pemberi isyarat yang diperuntukkan bagi cara pemusatan
dan cara penyebaran terjadual. Matlamat prosedur pengiraan yang dicadangkan ini
adalah untuk melaksanakan rangkaian MR yang tersusun dengan sendirinya dan
fleksibel melalui pengurangan lebihan muatan dan memperbaiki jumlah penghantaran
jaringan. Prosedur pengiraan yang dicadangkan ini juga disesuaikan bagi menghasilkan
pemberian isyarat dengan pengurangan pertangguhan masa berbanding pautan
pemberian dan penerimaan isyarat.
Bagi menilai prosedur pengiraan yang dicadangkan dan memperakiu kecekapan
perlaksanaanya dalam rangkaian IEEE 802.16j, penulis mensimulasikan prosedur
pengiraan menggunakan pensimulasi QualNet. Penilaian bagi penjadualan prosedur
pengiraan terpusat yang dicadangkan dilaksanakan dengan cara membandingkan hasil
prestasinya dengan Round Robin dan pasangan prosedur pengiraan terpusat. Dalam
pada itu, pengagihan penjadualan prosedur terpusat (MR-DSA) dinilai dengan cara
membandingkan kecekapannya melawan kecekapan Greedy dan graf faktor kerumitan
rendah dalam pengagihan penjadualan prosedur pengiraan (FGDS). Ini berkaitan
dengan soal penangguhan dari satu penghujung ke penghujung seterusnya, daya
pemprosesan dan lebihan muatan. Pengesahan prosedur pengiraan yang dicadangkan
adalah berasaskan kepada pembandingan hasil prestasinya dengan prestasi bagi
penjadualan prosedur terpusat. Dalam pada itu, prosedur pengiraan MR-DSA yang
dicadangkan telah ditentu sahkan melalui perbandingan prestasinya melawan graf
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faktor kerumitan rendah dalam pengagihan penjadualan prosedur pengiraan (FGDS).
Ia meliputi persoalan berkaitan daya pemprosesan dan purata pemprosesan paket data.
Keputusan simulasi menekankan bahawa algoritma yang dicadangkan (MR-CSA dan
MR-DSA) bersesuaian dengan semua algoritma yang terdahulu dengan skim isyarat
semasa. Algoritma yang dicadangkan telah mencapai prestasi yang lebih tinggi dari
segi kelewatan akhir-ke-hujung, throughput, overhead, penggunaan link, dan indeks
keadilan daripada semua algoritma yang lain.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, I would like to thank the most gracious Allah for giving me the
strength, patience, courage, and determination for completing this work, Alhamdulillah.
All grace and thanks belongs to Almighty Allah. This works would not have been
accomplished without the help of so many people. In the following lines is a brief
account of some but not all who deserve to be thanked.
I would like to extend my gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Raja Syamsul Azmir bin Raja
Abdullah for his supervision, advice, and guidance from the very early stage of this
research as well as giving me extraordinary experiences throughout the work. Above
all and the most needed, he provided me unflinching encouragement and support in
various ways. My deepest gratitude and appreciation also goes to Professor Dr.
Borhanuddin B. Mohd. Ali and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Kamariah Noordin for their
valuable comments and suggestions which have been indispensable in the preparation
of this thesis; their professional review helped me to further improve my research and
thesis writing.
I do not know how to thank my family for their endless support encouragement and
love: my beloved father (Sabri Mousa), my beloved mother, my brothers and sisters
were always there for me and shared my joys and sorrows. They are always proud of
me. My wife and daughter are the meaning of my life, my wife always believed in me
more than I believe in myself. In fact, words can’t express my thanks and gratitude for
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her support and encouragements. Many thanks also to my mother in-law, brothers and
sisters in law.
I must extend my sincere thanks to the MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia, for their support and
help, and for the precious experience that I had achieved during the MIMOS Project
WiFi-WiMAX (WiWi) for more than two years. Very special thanks to my dear Dr.
Hafizal Mohamad for his great support and help. None the less, my gratitude to the
Malaysian people in general for their kindness and perfect hospitability in their green
land during my study period.
I truly appreciate the comrade of my friends in the lab and all around the world who
made my life more lively and colorful (Wael, Nidhal, Asem, Saleh, Samer, and all my
friends).
In the final note, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all and sundry, who
helped me in one way or other, but whose names I have not been able to mention one
by one.
Always and forever, thank you Allah.
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APPROVAL
I certify that a Thesis Examination Committee has met on (08 Dec 2011) to conduct the
final examination of (AHMAD SABRI MOUSA SAQER) on his thesis entitled
“Efficient Signaling Schedule for Centralized and Distributed Scheduling
Algorithms for WiMAX Multi-Hop Relay Networks” in accordance with the
Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 and the Constitution of the Universiti
Putra Malaysia [P.U.(A) 106] 15 March 1998. The Committee recommends that the
student be awarded the (Doctor of Philosophy degree).
Members of the Thesis Examination Committee were as follows:
Abdul Rahman b. Ramli, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Engineering
(Chairman)
Mohd. Fadlee b. A.Rasid, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Engineering
(Internal Examiner)
Mohamed Othman, PhD
Professor
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
(Internal Examiner)
Lawrence Wong, PhD
Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
National University of Singapore
(External Examiner)
SEOW HENG FONG, PhD
Professor and Deputy Dean
School of Graduate Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Date:
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This thesis was submitted to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia and has been
accepted as fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The
members of the Supervisory Committee were as follows:
Raja Syamsul Azmir b. Raja Abdullah, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Engineering
University Putra Malaysia
(Chairman)
Borhanuddin B. Mohd. Ali, PhD
Professor
Faculty of Engineering
University Putra Malaysia
(Member)
Nor Kamariah Noordin, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Engineering
University Putra Malaysia
(Member)
_________________________
BUJANG KIM HUAT, PhD
Professor and Dean
School of Graduate Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Date:
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DECLARATION
I declare that the thesis is my original work except for quotations and citations which
have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously, and is not
concurrently, submitted for any other degree at Universiti Putra Malaysia or at any
other institutions.
AHMAD S. M. SAQER
Date: 27 April 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DEDICATION ii ABSTRACT iii ABSTRAK v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii APPROVAL x DECLARATION xii LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF FIGURES xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES xx LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxi
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Wireless Multihop Networks 3
1.2.1 Overview of WiMAX Multihop Mesh Networks 4 1.2.2 Overview of the WiMAX MR Networks 5
1.3 Scheduling in the WiMAX MR Networks 8 1.4 The Last Mile Problem 9
1.5 Aim and Objectives 11 1.6 Thesis Scope 12 1.7 Contributions 13 1.8 Thesis Organization 14
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.1 Overview 15 2.2 Overview of the WiMAX Network 16
2.3 The WiMAX MR Network Overview 24 2.3.1 The WiMAX MR Frame Structure 28 2.3.2 The WiMAX MR Protocol Stack 31 2.3.3 WiMAX Network Architecture 32
2.4 Scheduling in the WiMAX MR Networks 33 2.4.1 Scheduling Services and Connections 33 2.4.2 Bandwidth Allocation 37
2.4.3 Scheduling Techniques 40 2.5 Self-organizing Algorithms 44
2.5.1 Centralized Scheduling 47 2.5.2 Distributed Scheduling 50
2.6 Summary 53
3 CENTRALIZED SCHEDULING FOR WiMAX MR NETWORKS 56
3.1 Introduction 56
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3.2 Bandwidth Allocation 58
3.2.1 Delay Analysis 59 3.2.2 The New Signaling Scheme 62
3.3 Centralized Scheduling 65 3.3.1 Centralized Scheduling Mechanism 65 3.3.2 The Proposed Centralized Scheduling Algorithm 71
3.4 System Description and Design Parameters 76 3.4.1 The Simulation Setup and Parameters 77 3.4.2 Performance Parameters 79 3.4.3 Performance Evaluation 81 3.4.4 Validation of the CPS and CS Algorithms 86 3.4.5 Results 88
3.5 Chapter Summary 101
4 DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING FOR WiMAX MR NETWORKS 102 4.1 Introduction 102 4.2 Bandwidth Allocation with Distributed Scheduling 102
4.2.1 Delay Analysis 103 4.2.2 New Signaling Scheme 106
4.3 Distributed Scheduling 108 4.3.1 Distributed Scheduling Mechanism 108 4.3.2 Distributed Scheduling Algorithm 116
4.4 System Description and Design Parameters 121 4.4.1 The Simulation Setup 121
4.4.2 Performance Evaluation 122 4.4.3 Validation of the DPS and DS Algorithms 125 4.4.4 Results 127
4.5 Chapter Summary 137
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 139 5.1 Conclusion 139 5.2 Future Work 141
REFERENCES 143 APPENDICES 156 BIODATA OF STUDENT 172
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 173