Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Laboratorio di Impianti per le Industrie Alimentari PASTIS...

Università degli Studi di Foggia, ItalyLaboratorio di Impianti per le Industrie Alimentari

PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – ItalyArea Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Tunis (Tunisia), 25-27 April 2003

DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: THE ITALIAN PICTURE

Giancarlo Colelli

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING

INDUSTRY



GENERAL

MAIN CROPS INTENDED FOR DRYING

COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGY AND MANIFACTURERS

R&D ON DEHYDRATION



general

THE INDUSTRY OF DEHYDRATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN ITALY IS NOT VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF OUTPUT AND IN TERMS OF LABOR FORCE INVOLVED

HOWEVER, INCREASING DEMAND OF HIGH QUALITY DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS IS SETTING ON NEW INTEREST IN THIS SECTOR



general

ISTAT (Government Statistics Institute) HAVE NO OFFICIAL DATA ON PRODUCTION AND TRADE OF DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS

FEW DATA COULD BE GATHERED THROUGH AIIPAAIIPA (Association of Food Industry Enterprises) AND ANEIOA (Association of Fruit & Vegetables Exporters)



general

DEHYDRATED FRUIT & VEGETABLES REPRESENT A VERY BROAD GROUPING

TYPE OF CROP (fruit, vegetables, nuts)

PHYSICAL FORM (powder, flakes, halves, …)

Aw (dry, IMF)

TECHNOLOGY (convective-, spray-, freeze drying, …)

DESTINATION (further processing, final consumption)

PRODUCTION SITE (farm, industrial facility, …)



(Data from AIIPA/AIFLD)

main crops



main crops

(Data from AIIPA/AIFLD)

ALMOST ALL PRODUCTION IS USED FOR

FURTHER PROCESSING

product dry ext FWTOMATO POWDER 2 850,0 25 650,0SPINACH 480,0 4 320,0TOMATO FLAKES 361,0 3 249,0CABBAGES 291,0 2 619,0ASPARAGUS 28,0 252,0ZUCCHINI 20,0 180,0EGGPLANTS 15,0 135,0HERBS 10,5 94,5MUSHROOMS 10,4 93,6CARROTS 8,0 72,0GREEN BEANS 7,0 63,0HOT PEPPER 2,0 18,0

PRODUCTION (T) YEAR 1999



main crops

PRODUCTION OF SUN- OR OVEN-DRIED TOMATO HALVES IS STILL IMPORTANT AND INCREASING



IN ADDITION TO APPLES OTHER FRUITS ARE USED FOR DEHYDRATION, ALTHOUGH PRODUCTION IS MARGINAL

main crops

MORE THAN 90% OF THE INTERNAL CONSUMPTION IS IMPORTED



DRIED FRUIT CONSUMPTION (TOTAL OF 170,000,000 EURO FOR 2001) BY LARGE EXCEEDS INTERNAL PRODUCTION

main crops

NUTS; 68,000,000

PLUMS; 34,000,000

OTHER (raisin,

apricots, figs, etc.);

42,500,000

DATES; 25,500,000

(Data from ANEIOA)



main crops

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

ALMONDS HAZELNUTS WALNUTS PINE NUTS CHESTNUTS

FOR SOME NUTS INTERNAL PRODUCTION IS SIGNIFICANT TO CONSUPTION (2001)

(Data

fro

m

AN

EIO

A)



main cropsIMPORT/EXPORT OF DRIED PRODUCT (2001)

DRIED APRICOTS

IMPORT

EXPORT

DRIED PLUMS

IMPORT

EXPORT

DRIED APPLES

IMPORT

EXPORT

RAISINS

IMPORT

EXPORT

DRIED MUSHROOMS

IMPORT

EXPORT

DRIED FIGS

IMPORT

EXPORT

(Data from ANEIOA)



DRIED APPLE EXPORT BY DESTINATION COUNTRY (2001)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

FRANCE

NETHERLAND

GERMANY

UK

DENMARK

GREECE

SPAIN

BELGIUM

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

AUSTRIA

SWISS

MALTA

POLAND

RUSSIA

SLOVENIA

EGYPT

USA

CANADA

SAUDI ARABIA

SINGAPORE

TAIWAN

MT

main crops

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500

FRANCE

NETHERLAND

GERMANY

UK

DENMARK

GREECE

SPAIN

BELGIUM

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

AUSTRIA

SWISS

MALTA

POLAND

RUSSIA

SLOVENIA

EGYPT

USA

CANADA

SAUDI ARABIA

SINGAPORE

TAIWAN

1,000 Euro

(Data from ANEIOA)



companies

AIIPA PRESENTLY LISTS 5 COMPANIES IN THE SECTION “DRIED FRUITS & VEGETABLES”

ANEIOA PRESENTLY LISTS 40 COMPANIES IN THE SECTION “DRIED FRUITS & VEGETABLES”

AS FOR DATA ON PRODUCTION AND TRADE, DATA ON COMPANIES ARE RATHER FUZZY

ON-FARM PRODUCTION IS NOT INCLUDED



companies

MAIN TRADEMARKS

ACTIVITY IS NOT LIMITED

TO DRY PRODUCTS

ONLY



technology & manufacturers

APPLIED TECHNOLOGY DEPENDS ON THE PRODUCTMOSTLY CONVECTIVE AIR-DRYING FOR FRUIT (HALVES, SLICES, CUBES) IN CABINET OR IN TUNNELMOSTLY DRUM- AND SPRY-DRYING FOR VEGETABLE POWDERSFREEZE-DRYING FOR HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTSMW/RF SYSTEMS ARE RARELY USED COMMERCIALLYOSMO-DEHYDRATION FOR IMF (COMBINED)SUN-DRYING STILL WIDELY USED (in the south)




AN ON-LINE SEARCH ON THE YELLOW PAGES YIELDED 96 DRYING MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS

SME USING THEIR OWN KNOW-HOW

EQUIPMENTS NOT ONLY FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS (WOOD, CATTLE-FEED, SLUDGES, GAS, PAINTS, …)

STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY IN ALL APPLICATIONS




MAIN TRADEMARKS

ONLY FEW OF THEM

ARE SPECIALIZED FOR FOOD-

DRYING APPLICATION



R&D on dehydration

RECENT INTEREST ON HIGH QUALITY PRODUCT HAVE TRIGGERED NEW R&D PROGRAMS ON DEHYDRATION TECHNOLOGY (PROCESS, PRODUCTS, EQUIPMENTS)INNOVATION IN DEHYDRATION PROCESSES WAS ONE OF THE 12 TOPICS OF LAST NATIONAL RESEARCH PLAN ON FOOD TECHNOLOGYOTHER PROJECTS HAVE BEEN FUNDED BY REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND EU PROGRAMS



R&D on dehydration

MAIN RESEARCH TOPICS ON DEHYDRATION

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESSES FOR MAX QUALITY AND MIN HEAT DAMAGE (HEAT & MASS TRANSFER MODELLING)USE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (RF/MW, DEHYDRO-FREEZING)COMBINING TECHNOLOGIESNEW PRODUCTS (IMF)EQUIPMENT OPTIMIZATION (AUTOMATION, ENERGY SAVING, “MAKE-IT-SMALL”)



thanks for your kind attention!

Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Laboratorio di Impianti per le Industrie Alimentari PASTIS...

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