UNIVERSAL VACCINATION PROGRAMME

BY, PAAVANA

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY AIMS OBJECTIVE IAP IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE UIP SCHEDULE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN VACCINATION PROGRAMME PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Also known as “UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION

PROGRAMME” It is a vaccine programme launched by Government of

India on November 19, 1985 as a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005

The program consists of vaccination for seven diseases which includes-

Tuberculosis Diphtheria Pertussis (whooping cough), Tetanus Poliomyelitis Measles Hepatitis B On 2014 it was announced that four vaccines will be

added to the program, namely rotavirus, rubella and Japanese encephalitis, as well as the injectable polio vaccine

HISTORY It was introduced as a part of “EXPANDED

PROGRAMME ON IMMUNIZATION”(EPI) launched by the Government of India in 1978 with the objective of reducing mortality and morbidity resulting from vaccine preventable diseases of childhood

This primary health care concept was introduced in a manner similar to that launched by World Health Organization(WHO) In 1974

AIMS To achieve 100% coverage of pregnant

women with two doses of tetanus toxoid and atleast 85% coverage of infants with 3 doses of DPT, OPV ,one dose of BCG and measles vaccine.

OBJECTIVES Rapidly increase immunization coverage Improve the quality of services Establish a reliable cold chain system to the

health facility level Introduce a district-wise system for

monitoring of performance Achieve self-sufficiency in vaccine production

IAP IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE-2015DISEASES UNDER UIP

CAUSITIVE AGENT

VACCINATION USED

NUMBER OF DOSES

TIME OF VACCINATION(WEEKS/MONTH/YEARS)

1.POLIO POLIO MYELITIS

OPV(Oral polio vaccine)

5 Birth dose for institutional deliveries, Primary three doses at 6, 10 & 14 week and one booster dose at 16-24 month of age

2.TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin

1 at birth (upto 1 year if not given earlier)

3.MEASLES MEASLES VIRUS

MMR(Measles Mumps Rubella)

2 9-12 months of age 2nd dose at 16-24 months

4.HEPATITIS-B

HEPATITIS-B VIRUS

Hep-b vaccine

4 Birth dose (within 24 hours) for institutional deliveries, Primary three doses at 6, 10 & 14 week.

5.TETANUS CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

TETANUS TOXOID

2 Two doses are given at 10 and 16 years of age

6. DIPHTHERIA

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

DPT(Diphtheria Pertussis tetanus toxoid)

5 Three doses at 6, 10 & 14 week and two booster dose at 16-24 month and 5-6 years of age7. PERTUSSIS BORDETELLA

PERTUSSIS

8.JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS

JE VACCINATION

2 9-12 months of age and 2nd dose at 16-24 months

UIP SCHEDULE FOR PREGNANT WOMENVACCINATION TIME OF VACCINATION

TT-1 EARLY IN PREGNANCY

TT-2 4 WEEKS AFTER TT-1

TT-BOOSTER IF RECEIVED 2 TT DOSES IN PREGNANCY WITH IN THE LAST YEAR

PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME

It is an immunization campaign launched in the year 1995 by the Government of India to eliminate polio myelitis. The project fights against poliomyelitis through a large-scale pulse immunization programme and also by monitoring for polio cases.

Under this programme children under 5years of age are given additional oral polio drops in December and January every year for 5 days.

In each nation wide programme, about 2.3 million

vaccinators immunize 172 million children

The Programme continues to focus and reach out to

the most vulnerable populations including migrants, under-served and marginalized communities, and children in 40 lakh high risk areas (HRAs).

KEY OBJECTIVE-The Pulse Polio Initiative was started with an objective of achieving hundred per cent coverage under Oral Polio Vaccine. It aimed to immunize children through improved social mobilization, plan mop-up operations in areas where poliovirus has almost disappeared and maintain high level of morale among the public

STEPS UNDERTAKEN-

Setting up of booths in all parts of the country. Initializing walk-in cold rooms, freezer rooms, deep

freezers, ice-lined refrigerators and cold boxes for ensuring steady supply of vaccine to booths.

Arranging employees, volunteers and vaccines. Ensuring vaccine vial monitor on each vaccine vial. Immunizing children with OPV on National

Immunization Days.

Identifying missing children from immunisation process.

Surveillance of efficacy.

Publicity is usually extensive, and it includs replacing the national telecoms authority ringtone with a vaccination day awareness message, posters, TV and cinema spots, parades, rallies, and one-to-one communication from volunteers. Vaccination booths were set up, with a house-to-house campaign for remote communities

To mitigate the risk of polio virus importation through

travellers, continuous polio immunization posts have been set up along the international borders with Pakistan,Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Bhutan in order to vaccinate all children upto age of 5years crossing the border into India.

All travellers travelling through aerial routes to seven countries viz.,Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria, Somalia, Kenya, Syria, Ethiopia, and vice versa, are required to be vaccinated with oral polio vaccine at designated vaccination centres at international airports, 4 weeks prior to departure.

ACHIEVEMENTS- India was decleared as a POLIO FREE NATION

by WHO on 27th March 2014

URBAN MEASLES CAMPAIGN It is aspecial campaign done with the

assistance of UNICEF for covering slum localities in urban areas during 1998.

In 1998-99,13 cities were targeted while in 1999-2000, 50 more cities were covered.

The objective of the programme was to cover all unprotected children upto the age of 3 years with a single dose of measles vaccine.

NEONATAL TETANUS ELIMINATION In order to achieve early elimination of neo

natal tetanus, efforts are made to cover all women in reproductive age group with three doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine.

These were implemented in Rajasthan and Madhya pradesh during 1998-99 and 1999-2000.In Rajasthan only married women upto 30 years were targeted.

ACHIEVEMENTS-On 15 May 2015, The World HealthOrganization(WHO) declared India free from maternal and neonatal tetanus.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME

There has been a steady reduction in the total number of cases reported in the diseases included in this programme.

The major achievement of this programme is the total elimination of poliomyelitis and neonatal tetanus from the country.

CONCLUSION India is considered to be a hotspot of infectious

diseases. As the saying goes PREVENTION IS

BETTER THAN CURE, with proper programmes, management of those and education in the public sector the dream of achieving a disease free country is possible