UNIVERSAL SYSTEMS MODEL © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM...
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Transcript of UNIVERSAL SYSTEMS MODEL © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM...
UNIVERSAL SYSTEMS MODEL
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology, Third Edition / Technology, Engineering, and Design
UNIT 3 LESSON 1
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
What is a System?
OpenSystems
ClosedSystems
UniversalSystems
Model
ProperOperation Of Systems
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
What is a system?
• A system is a group of interrelated components designed collectively to achieve a desired goal.
• Systems are used in a number of ways in technology and appear in many aspects of daily life , such as solar systems, political systems and technological systems.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Information •Email Message
Tools/Machines
•Modem•Computer
People •Sender of message
Materials
•Data•Plastic for computer•Wiring for CPU/Monitor
Production
• Typing of message
• Sending of data
Management
• Server/modem access
• Privacy Issues
Expected Desired
• Person receives email
Unexpected Undesired
• Email is sent to wrong person
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUTEmail answered
Email not answered
Return email stating undeliverable
FEEDBACKExample of Email
System
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Open Systems
• An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention.
• An example of an open loop system is a microwave oven that requires the person to put in a time to cook the food. There is no feedback to say the food is actually cooked thoroughly when the microwave turns off, the person may have to put in more time or the food may be overcooked.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Closed Systems
• A system that uses feedback from the output to control the input.
• An example of a closed-loop system is the heating system in a home, which has a thermostat to provide feedback when the heat needs to be turned on and off.
INPUTPROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Universal Systems Model
• Every system that exists can be broken down using the universal systems model.
INPUTPROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Input
• Inputs consist of the resources that flow into a technological system. Inputs include:
• People• Materials• Tools and/or Machines• Energy• Information• Capital• Time
INPUTPROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Inputs• People: determine the need, solutions to the
problems and how the inputs will be used to obtain the output
• Information: The people must have background knowledge of math and science to appropriately design solutions to problems and carry out the solutions.
• Materials: Natural or man made materials go into the creation of the output
• Machines and/or Tools: are needed to turn raw materials or industrial materials into final solutions
• Energy: allows work to be carried out throughout the system
• Capital: the money and land needed to create the output
• Time: needed to design, create and assess the solution
INPUT
PEOPLEINFORMATION
MATERIALSMACHINES/
TOOLSENERGYCAPITAL
TIME
INPUTPROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Process
• The process is the systematic sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output.
• Processes can be categorized into:– Problem Solving: process which works through problem identification to
selecting a final solution– Production: process which involves the creation of the product or structure– Management: controlling and managing the inputs and other process
involved in the system.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
PROCESS
PROBLEM SOLVINGPRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Output
• The output is the end result, which can have either a positive or negative impact. Outputs can take the following forms:
• Unexpected Desired• Expected Desired• Unexpected Undesired• Expected Undesired
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
OUTPUT
UNEXPECTED DESIREDEXPECTED DESIRED
UNEXPECTED UNDESIREDEXPECTED UNDESIRED
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
OUTPUTS
• What other forms can outputs take? (Hint: This is from your reading in Chapter 6).
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Feedback
• Feedback is information used to monitor or control a system. The feedback loop allows the system to make necessary adjustments during operation
• New and frequent users need to execute systems so that they function in the way they were designed to avoid malfunctions or safety issues.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the components in the system, especially those in the feedback loop.
Equally important, is the proper use of systems.
INPUTPROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
New and frequent users need to operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed to avoid malfunctions or safety issues.
Assignment: Consider the cell phone . Complete the steps of the universal system model. Use the example from the email system as your guide. Then answer the following questions:
1. Have you witnessed or have you improperly operated a cell phone? 2. What happened? 3. How could a user error produce an unexpected output?