Unitrol 1000 User s Manual e3

We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Copyright 2002 ABB. All rights reserved.

Prep. Peter Moor 02-03-20 User’s Manual No. of p.

Appr. Sami Karttunen 02-03-20 UNITROL® 1000 77 Resp. dept. ATPE Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page

ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 1

UNITROL 1000 User’s Manual

Automatic Voltage Regulator Compact voltage regulator for synchronous machines up to 15 A exciter current

Revision Control: 3.xxx Panel: 3.xxx PCTools: 3.xxx

Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page


Important Notice

Our experience has shown that, if the information and recommendations contained in this Operating Instructions are observed, the best possible reliability of our products is assured.

The data contained herein purports solely to describe the product and is not a warranty of performance or characteristics. It is with the best interests of our customers in mind that we constantly strive to improve our products and keep them abreast of advances in technology. This may, however, lead to discrepancies between a product and its "Technical Description" or " Operating Instructions".

This document has been carefully prepared and reviewed, however should in spite of this the reader find an error, he is requested to inform us at his earliest convenience.

It is scarcely possible for the operating instructions for technical equipment to cover every eventuality which can occur in practice. We would therefore request you to notify us or our agent in the case of all unusual behaviour, which does not appear to be covered by these operating instructions.

It is pointed out that all local regulations must be observed when connecting and commissioning this equipment in addition to these operating instructions.

We cannot accept any responsibility for damage incurred as a result of mishandling the equipment regardless of whether particular reference is made in these operating instructions or not.

We lay particular stress on the fact that only genuine spare parts should be used for replacements.

All rights with respect to this document, including applications for patent and registration of other industrial property rights, are reserved. Unauthorized use, in particular reproduction or making available to third parties, is prohibited.



Contents 1 GENERAL INFORMATION......................................................................................5 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Marking of sections of text........................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Manufacturer’s address ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Area of use ............................................................................................................................... 6 2 DEVICE DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................7 2.1 Hardware .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Control elements and interfaces............................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Overview of the device connections......................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Device connections ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.4 Digital inputs ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.5 Digital outputs ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.6 Analog inputs .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.7 Analog outputs........................................................................................................................ 18 2.2 Software.................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.1 Operating modes .................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Description of the parameters ................................................................................................ 22 3 INSTALLATION AND DISPOSAL..........................................................................29 3.1 Mechanical installation ........................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Earthing and wiring ................................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Disposal .................................................................................................................................. 29 4 OPERATION ..........................................................................................................31 4.1 Operation on the unit .............................................................................................................. 31 4.1.1 Keypad.................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.2 Display .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.3 Example of parameter setting................................................................................................. 32 4.1.4 Menu structure of display ....................................................................................................... 33 4.1.5 Fault message on the display................................................................................................. 38 4.2 PC-Software ........................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Operation using the software.................................................................................................. 40 4.2.2 Example of parameter setting using PCTools ........................................................................ 41 4.2.3 Menu structure of PCTools..................................................................................................... 42 4.2.4 Save parameter file ................................................................................................................ 53 4.2.5 Evaluation of the waveform .................................................................................................... 54 4.2.6 Error message ........................................................................................................................ 56 5 COMMISSIONING..................................................................................................57 5.1 Safety regulations ................................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Setting aids ............................................................................................................................. 58 5.3 Work carried out while machine is at a standstill.................................................................... 62 5.4 Work carried out while machine is running............................................................................. 62 6 MAINTENANCE AND FAULTS .............................................................................65 6.1 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................... 65 6.2 Trouble shooting ..................................................................................................................... 65 6.3 Repair ..................................................................................................................................... 68 7 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................69 7.1 General Data .......................................................................................................................... 69 7.2 Settings record for UNITROL 1000 ........................................................................................ 71 7.3 Parameter settings, default values ......................................................................................... 72



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1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction UNITROL 1000 is an automatic voltage regulator of the latest design for synchronous generators and synchronous motors. The use of the most advanced microprocessor technology together with IGBT semiconductor technology (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) allows it to be used in a wide area of applications. A practical and simple-to-operate panel on the unit is used for all control operations. In addition, a user-friendly software facilitates commissioning and allows optimisation of operation. The unit complies with all relevant international standards. The mechanical construction is extremely compact and robust. This user`s manual provides the necessary information on installing, commissioning and operating the UNITROL 1000. It is aimed at trained operating personnel who possesses a good knowledge of electrical engineering and electronics.

1.2 Marking of sections of text

Dangerous voltages This symbol indicates that dangerous voltages occur during handling which can cause fatal or serious injury.

Caution “Caution“ indicates sections of text which contain information in which failure to comply

with regulations can lead to material damage or device failure. Note Sections of text marked with “Note“ provide additional information. This information must

be taken into account in order to avoid malfunctions.

1.3 Manufacturer’s address ABB Switzerland Ltd Excitation Systems Voltage Regulators and Synchronizing Equipment CH-5300 Turgi / Switzerland Telephone: +41 58 589 24 86 Fax: +41 58 589 23 33 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.abb.com/unitrol 24 h - Hotline for urgent service inquiries: +41 844 845 845

http://www.abb.com/unitrol



1.4 Area of use This advanced-design automatic voltage regulator is used for the excitation of indirectly excited synchro-nous machines. The regulator can also be switched over to function as a reactive power-, power factor- or field current regulator. It is characterised by wide ranges for input voltage and operating frequency.

SM = Synchronous Machine E = Exciter PMG = Permanent-Magnet-Generator Shunt excitation with : - optional short circuit support - Synchronization unit - Change over to a redundant unit.

AbbBatt.

E

UNITROL 1000R

Abb UNITROL 1000R

Dual Channel

SM

Generator or motor excitation with PMG or external supply.

Abb

E

PMG

SM

UNITROL 1000R

Replacement of voltage regulators for generators or motors with direct-current excitation machines.

Abb

=SM

UNITROL 1000R



2 DEVICE DESCRIPTION

2.1 Hardware

Dimensions in mm

Structure: The device is built into an aluminium casing with cooling flanges. The connection terminals are integrated into the front of the circuit boards, which are arranged on top of one another. Power electronics: The power part is fitted with an IGBT semiconductor. The average value of the output voltage is always positive. The output is current-limited and thus short-circuit-proof. Control elements: The operating keys, the display and the sub-D connector for the RS-232 interface are located on the unit cover. Installation: The site of installation must be dry and free of dust (IP20).

Rack mounting

142

Wall mounting

UNITROL 1000AbbR

Mounting: The UNITROL 1000 is designed for rack or wall mounting.

Connection diagram:

PWM

-

+

Mea

sure

men

tan

d co

ntro

lin

puts

~ / = =

Auxiliary supply UAUXL1 L2 L3 (+) (-)

AVR

Supplypower electronics

(+) L1(-) L2

L3

Digital in- and outputs

Analog in- and outputs

UNET

UM

IM2

UPWR

I e

UN1000

EE

for control electronics

RS-232RS-485

SM



2.1.1 Control elements and interfaces

MAINMonitorMode = AutoConnected: 1

OK

ESC

Carrying out settings on the unit The four-line display and the four keys are sufficient to allow complete operation. All settings can be carried out directly on the unit without additional equipment: • Configuration of inputs and outputs

• Parameter setting

• Display of important measuring values.

UNITROL 1000Abb R

Interface with PC Parameter setting and also optimisation is possible using the user-friendly software PC tool for Microsoft Windows. Connection cable, sub-D, 9 pol (female)

• Configuration of inputs and outputs

• Parameter setting

• Trending function for optimisation of the controller (Oscilloscope, Power chart)

• Display of important measuring values • Parameter File upload or download.

Terminal block

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4342 44 45 46 47

+AI 1

-AI 1

+Vre

f

+AI 2

-AI 2

-Vre

f

DG

ND

+Vdi

g

DI 5

DI 6

+Vdi

g

DI 7

DI 8

DG

ND

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2726 28 29 30 31

+Vre

f

+AI 3

-AI 3

-Vre

f

AO 2

AGN

D

+Vdi

g

DIO

1

DIO

2

+Vdi

g

DIO

3M2S1 S2I

AO 1

DIO

4

1 2 3 4

ML1 L2

U4 5 6

NETL1 L3

U47 8 9

eI410 11 12

PWRL1(+) L2(-)

U413 14 15

UL3 NC + - L3 L1(+) L2(-) L3

AUX

50 51 52 53 54 55

- + -+

EIA-485

serial port



2.1.2 Overview of the device connections

L1L2L3

L1

(NC)L3

S1S2

L1(+)L2 (-)

L3

+AI1-AI1

+Vref+AI2-AI2-Vref

+Vref+AI3-AI3-Vref

DGND+VdigDI5DI6

+VdigDI7DI8

DGND

1

2

3

4

5

6

16

17

10

11

12

33

34

35

36

37

38

18

19

20

21

22

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

7

32

39

UNET

IM2

UM

(+10V) +Vref

norm.

inv.

in, norm.+Vdig 26

DIO1 27

DIO2 28

+Vdig 29

DIO3 30

DIO4 31

AO1 23

AO2 24

AGND 25

L1(+) 13

L2(-) 14

L3 15

(-10V) -Vref(+24V) +Vdig

AGNDDGND

UAUX

50

51

52

53

54

55

-

+

+

-

EIA485

#

#

#

~

~

~

9-

8+Ie

PID

UPWR

UN1000

RS2329 pol

out, norm.

in, inv.out, inv.

DSP

AIN

AIN

DIN

AOUT

DOUT

DIN,



2.1.3 Device connections

Terminal designation Signal Circuit

L1(+) = 13 L2(-) = 14 L3 = 15

Auxiliary supply UAUX - AC input voltage three-phase or - AC input voltage single-phase or - DC input voltage

3~9 to 250 V~ L1,L2,L3

1~50 to 250 V~ L1,L2

2=18 to 300 V= L1(+),L2(-)

ExternalUN1000

L1(+) = 10 L2(-) = 11 L3 = 12

Power electronics supply UPWR - AC input voltage three-phase, AC input voltage single-phase and excitation current < 10 A or - DC input voltage or - AC input voltage single-phase and excitation current >10 A Diode D: 20 A, 600 V Capacitor: C = 1000 µF, 600 V

3~0 to 250 V~ L1,L2,L3

2=0 to 300 V= L1(+),L2(-)

ExternalUN1000

0 to 250 V~L1

L2C

DExternal UN1000

Three-phase: L1 = 1, L2 = 2, L3 = 3S1 = 16, S2 = 17 Single-phase: L1 = 1, L3 = 3 S1 = 16, S2 = 17

Measurements inputs Three-phase: - Machine voltage UM Single-phase: - Machine current IM2 or Single-phase: - Machine voltage UM or Three-phase with ground (Three ph gnd) - Machine voltage UM

UM

max. 250 V / 0.2 VA

S2S1

1 A / 0.1 VAIM2

L3

L1L2

SM

External UN1000

UML1L3

External UN1000

UML3

L1L2

External UN1000

L1 L2 L3 max. 150 V / 0.2 VA

max. 150 V / 0.2 VA

L1 = 4, L3 = 5

Single-phase: Line voltage measurement UNET

UNETL1L3

External UN1000

max. 150 V / 0.2 VA + = 8

- = 9 Excitation current output Ie

15 A =

+

-E0 to 300 V=

ExternalUN 1000

Earth connection = 7 Earth connection




DIO1 = 27 DIO2 = 28 DIO3 = 30 DIO4 = 31 +Vdig = 26, 29

Digital inputs DIO1 to DIO4 DIO1 to DIO4 can be operated either as inputs or outputs. Digital outputs DIO1 to DIO4 Caution: Configured as outputs, DIO1 to DIO4 must not be connected directly with +Vdig (causes short circuit via internal transistor)

24 V DC

+Vdig

DIO1 to 4

1k

UN1000External

in

out

24 V DC+Vdig

DIO1 to 4

UN1000 External

in

out

24 mA

DI5 = 42 DI6 = 43 DI7 = 45 DI8 = 46 +Vdig = 41, 44 DGND = 40, 47

Digital inputs DI5 to DI8 Controlled from potential-free contacts Controlled from potential-dependent contacts R = 1 kΩ, ≥4 W at 48 V R = 3.9 kΩ, ≥10 W at 110 V R = 8.2 kΩ, ≥20 W at 220 V

24 V DC

1k

+Vdig

DI5 to 8

External UN1000

24 mA

1k

DI5 to 8

DGND

RUN1000External

Caution The internal 24 V supply may be loaded with a maximum of 300 mA by all used

digital inputs and outputs.




+AI1 = 33, -AI1 = 34 +AI2 = 36, -AI2 = 37 +AI3 = 19, -AI3 = 20 +Vref = 18, 35 -Vref = 21, 38 AGND = 25 Earth = 22,32,39

Analog inputs AI1 to AI3 R = 10 kΩ, 1 W

100k

47k+AI1 to 3

-10 V DC

+

-

100k

47k

10 V DC

4.7k

4.7k

-Vref

+VrefUN1000External

R

AGND

-AI1 to 3

max. ±10 V

100k

47k

+AI1 to 3

-AI1 to 3+

-

100k

47k

+

-

UN1000External

AGND

+AI1 = 33, -AI1 = 34

+AI2 = 36, -AI2 = 37 +AI3 = 19, -AI3 = 20 +Vref = 18, 35 -Vref = 21, 38 +Vdig = 26, 29, 41, 44 AGND = 25 DGND = 40, 47 Earth = 22,32,39

Analog inputs digitally assigned AI1 to AI3 (DI9 to DI14)

100k

UN1000

+AI1 to 3 100k

47k

10 V DC

4.7k

+Vref

DGND

External

-AI1 to 3

+Vdig 24 V DC1k

+

-

DGND

47kAin

AO1 = 23

AO2 = 24 AGND = 25

Analog outputs AO1 to AO2

max. ±10 V

AO1 to 2+

- 100R

UN1000 External

AGND

±12 Vmax. ±20 mA

Serial port: Sub-D, 9 pol,

Male

Serial interface RS 232

RX = 2 TX = 3 GND = 5

EIA-485: + = 50, - = 52 + = 53, - = 55 Earth = 51, 54

Serial interface RS 485

outin

+

+ -

-External

External

UN1000



2.1.4 Digital inputs

Input function Description None Input not assigned

Excitation ON demand active: - Field flashing begins if Off Level > 0% - Soft start begins after the Off Level has been reached (Auto mode)

Mode Preset value Manual 0 A

Open Loop 0% PF 1.0 Var 0%

Excitation ON active Excitation ON not active

Excitation ON demand not active: All setpoints are immediately set to the following values and remain fixed there.

Auto 100% Circuit-breaker closed status active: - Activates current measurement - This message triggers immediately the ramp of the soft start as if still the hold time

Mode Final value Manual 90% Ie NoLoad

Open Loop 90% 1/Kceil

Gen CB Closed Status active Gen CB Closed Status no longer active

Circuit-breaker closed status changes from active to not active: All setpoints are immediately set to the following values. Auto 100%

Parallel with Grid Status Parallel with grid status active: - Enables together with Gen CB Closed possibility to change over to PF and Var modes. - Disables VDC mode.

Increase Increase setpoint of active regulator Decrease Decrease setpoint of active regulator

Mode Final value Manual Ie NoLoad

Open Loop 100% 1/Kceil PF 1.0 Var 0%

Reset Setpoint Status reset setpoint is active: The setpoint of the active regulator goes to the following value at ramp speed.

Auto 100%

Remote SP Enable

Control signal for remote setpoint setting. The setpoints are controlled by analog inputs.

PF Enable Power factor regulation active Var Enable Reactive power regulation active Manual Enable Manual active, field current regulation Open Loop Enable Open loop, direct control of power transistor active



Input function Description Synchronize Synchronize demand active VDC Enable Voltage droop compensation control active Secondary Net Net 2 on island operation Reset Alarm Clear the following alarms:

- SystemOK (optional) - SW Alarm

Standby Standby demand active: - The output of the AVR is turned off - Boost is disabled - Field flashing is off - Integrator is kept in 1/Kceiling - All limits are disabled - There will be no data transmission to the EIA-485 bus - Mode is standby - All setpoints are following the corresponding actual value

The assignment of the digital inputs to the terminals DIO1 to 4, DI5 to 8, (DI9 to 14) can be selected freely. Level of the digital input Setting range: 0 to 28 V DC

High Level

Low Level

11 0logical Polarity of the digital input Software setting

24 V DC

normalDIO1 to 4DI5 to 8DI9 to 14

24 V DC

inverted

DIO1 to 4DI5 to 8DI9 to 14



2.1.5 Digital outputs

Output function Description None Output not assigned Boost Status signal boost is active

Boost supports excitation in the event of line short circuit or heavy load. The boost function is blocked during field flashing and soft start.

Field Flashing *) Field flashing (voltage built up) active, if Excitation ON The next field flashing can only be started after Excitation ON or after the power has been switched off. During field flashing the output of the regulator is blocked in all operation modes.

SystemOK (optional) In preparation Limit Active One of the limiters (V/Hz, Ie, PQ or UM) is active

or setpoint limit has been reached (min. - or max. position) V/Hz Limit Active V/Hz limiter active SP Limit Reached Setpoint limit has been reached SP Minimum Reached Minimum setpoint has been reached SP Maximum Reached Maximum setpoint has been reached Operational Limit Active Ie, PQ or UM limiter active Min Ie Active Ie minimum current limiter active Max Ie Active Ie maximum current limiter active Min PQ Active PQ limiter active Min UM Active Limit value for minimum machine voltage is fallen below,

voltage limiter active Max UM Active Limit value for maximum machine voltage is exceeded,

voltage limiter active Voltage Relay active = machine voltage below boost threshold

inactive = boost threshold and hysteresis exceeded Not dependent on signal Excitation ON.

*) see also description of parameters in section 2.2.2



Output function Description Sync Check Sync Check demand active:

- Generator circuit breaker is open - Machine voltage is more than 50% - Synchronization is possible (unit with Sync-Option) - Synchronize is enabled - Slip is between minimum slip and maximum slip - Machine voltage is deviating from network voltage maximum Delta U - Angle is between -maximum delta angle and +maximum delta angle

Close CBCommand The command is released: - Angle is in a value where it would take the Total CB Closing time for the breaker to close at zero degrees with current speed and acceleration. - Sync Check demand active - The command is so long active as the command Sync Check is active

SW Alarm Software program process is out of order The assignment of the digital outputs to the 4 terminals DIO1 to 4 can be selected freely. Polarity of the digital output Software setting



2.1.6 Analog inputs

Input function Description None Input not assigned Auto Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Auto regulator PF Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to PF regulator Var Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Var regulator Manual Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Manual regulator Open Loop Remote SP External setpoint input to open loop UMaux Auxiliary supply to the summing point of Auto regulator Reserved2 to 5 Reserved for later function expansion Digital Input 9(+) & 10(-) Assign digital inputs Digital Input 11(+) & 12(-) Assign digital inputs Digital Input 13(+) & 14(-) Assign digital inputs

The assignment of the analog inputs to the 3 terminals AI1 to 3 can be selected freely. External setpoint input Input to the summing point Two digital signals can be generated from an analog signal. ∆AI = pos. -> Ain = ↑ ∆AI = neg. -> Ain = ↓

Uin0%[V]

Uin100%

Internal signal value [%]

2

Setpoint max =

8 10

Setpoint min =

110

90

-10

Ext. Setpoint Auto

Uin0%

[V]Uin100%

UMaux [%]

max =

8 10 min=

10

-10

-10

Analog in6

-6

Din9=0Din10=0

Din9=1Din10=0

Din9=0Din10=0

Din9=0Din10=1

Ain

+Uin100%

-Uin100%

+Uin0%-Uin0%

+AI1 to 3

-AI1 to 3

Ain+

-AI



2.1.7 Analog outputs

Output function Description None Output not assigned Excitation Current Excitation current PWM Pulse width modulation, control value Fbias Analog continuous signal presenting difference between UNET and UM

Fbias = fNET – fNOM – (Slipmax – Slipmin)/2 Output signal Fbias is forced to zero: - Not in Sync mode - Synchronization function not enabled (unit without Sync-Option) - Network frequency is not between 45 to 66 Hz

The assignment of the analog outputs to the 2 terminals AO1 to 2 can be selected freely. Level of the analog outputs Excitation Current Caution: Ie0% must be less than Ie100% Fbias PWM Output

Ie 0%

[A]

Ie100%

Ie

Aout

30

8

[V]

2Uout 0%

Uout 100%

5 15

[%]

PWM

Aout

100

8

[V]

2Uout 0%

Uout 100%

10

10

-10

-10

Fbias0%[Hz]

Fbias100%

Fbias

Aout

8

[V]

2Uout 0%

Uout 100%

-3 3

10

-10

3

The full voltage range runs from –10 V to 10 V at a resolution of 10 bits.



2.2 Software

2.2.1 Operating modes

Automatic voltage regulation (Auto) Regulates the terminal voltage of the synchronous machine. Note: Current measurement for compensation / droop

PID Regulator

ESM

UN 1000

Manual control Regulates the field current of the excitation machine. Note: No limiters will be active.

PI Regulator

ESM

UN 1000

PF or Var regulation (PF, Var) Regulates the power factor or reactive power of the synchronous machine.

PFMVar

PI Regulator

ESM

UN 1000

Open loop Manual control with a fixed output signal. Note: No limiters will be active.

ESM

UN 1000

Note Bumpless changeover between all modes of operation



Voltage droop compensation control and reactive power allocation (VDC) In order to share equally the amount of reactive power between parallel connected generators UNITROL 1000 offers a special feature, called voltage droop compensation control. Units are connected together with RS-485 bus. In VDC mode, actually, all AVRs operate in Auto mode with voltage droop. However, each AVR (with its own ID number) writes the value of its own amount of reactive power to the RS-485 bus. Each unit reads these values and calculates a common average Mvar setpoint, and compensates the effect of voltage droop. Therefore, voltage level on the busbar is always kept at 100% (not adjustable).

SM SM SM SM

Load A Load B

Prim. Net = 1Sec. Net = 2

Prim. Net = 1

AVR 1 AVR 2 AVR 3 AVR 4

RS 485

Din= Secondary Net Synchronization (Sync)

Power circuit breaker (CB) may only be closed if both voltages are at least approximately synchronous (coincident). Otherwise, faults in line operation, loading of the generators and, in extreme cases, damage to the generators can result. Measuring: The values are formed from the two measurement signals UNET and UM - Voltage difference (amplitude) - Slip (frequency difference) - Phase-angle difference Matching: The voltage matching function gives the adjusting value to the internal voltage regulator and the frequency matching function send the analog signal Fbias to the turbine regulator. Monitoring and command generation: The command to close the breaker (CB) is released if all conditions are fulfilled.

Regulator

ESM

Command

UNET

Fbias

UN 1000

Speed Controller

Setpoint fSP = fNom

UM

Sync

Setpoint

CB

T



Dual channel system (Standby)

In case of a failure in channel 1, the redundant channel 2 is activated and the defective channel switched off. Change over to channel 1 can be controlled by alarm signal or with an external control signal.

Regulator

ESM

UN 1000 / 1

Regulator

UN 1000 / 2

Dual channel

StandbyAlarm

Operating modes are chosen by activating the predefined digital inputs. See section 5.2.



2.2.2 Description of the parameters System Data - Nominal voltage of the machine - Measuring voltage three- or single- phase - Potent. transformer, primary voltage - Potent. transformer, sec. voltage - Nominal machine current - Current transformer primary current - Current transformer sec. current - No load excitation current - Ceiling factor - Machine reactance - Line voltage measurement (UNET)

UMNominal [kV] PT [Single Ph] [Three Ph] [Three ph gnd] UMPrimary [kV] UMSecondary [V] IM2Nominal [A] IM2Primary [A] IM2Secondary [A] Ie NoLoad [A] Kceil [V/V] Xq [p.u.] No scaling

UMSecondaryUMPrimary

IM2Primary

IM2Secondary

IM2Nominal

Regulator

ESM

UMNominal

Ie NoLoad

Xq

UNETPTNET

PTM

Caution The line voltage measurement cannot be scaled. A phase shift between the both measuring

transformers PTNET an PTM is not allowed. Field Flashing - Off Level

Off Level [%]

By setting Off level to 0% the field flashing is disabled

Soft start level

[%]

[s]

Field flashing off level

Excitation ON

Signal field flashing

Machine voltage

Soft Start - Starting voltage - Delay until ramp - Ramp time

Start Level [%] Hold Time [s] Ramp Time [s]

A soft start is done only in the Auto mode Start level

Hold time Ramp

[%]

[s]

UMNominal

Gen CB Closed Status = active

Machine voltage

Trigger immediately the soft start



Limiters V/Hz Limiter - V/Hz knee point frequency - Slope

fknee [Hz] Slope [% / fknee]

fknee

[%]

[Hz]

100

Machine voltage

IeMinimum current limiter - Minimum limit - Limiter active

Minimum [A] Active = True/False

Limiter- characteristics

P [W]

Q+ [var]Iemin

GENERATOR

MOTORUM2

Xq

Reactive power

Active poweroverexcitedunderexcited

Q-

IeMaximum current limiter - 1st limit - Hold time - 2nd limit delay - Hold time - Continuous current - Limiter active

Maximum [A] Hold Time [s] Delayed [A] Hold Time [s] Continuous [A] Active = True/False

Hold time

[A]

[s]Hold time

1st limit

2nd limitContin. current

Excitation current

PQ Limiter The characteristic is determined by 5 points

- Q limit at P= 0% - Q limit at P= 25% - Q limit at P= 50% - Q limit at P= 75% - Q limit at P= 100% - Voltage dependency active - Limiters active

Q( 0%) [%] Q( 25%) [%] Q( 50%) [%] Q( 75%) [%] Q( 100%) [%] Volt.Depend=True/False Active =True/False

P [W]

Q+ [var]

P=100%

P=75%

P=50%

P=25%

P=0%

P=25%

P=50%

P=75%

P=100%

Active power

Reactive powerQ-

Generator

Motor

overexcitedunderexcited



UM Limiter - Limiting value of the minimum machine voltage - Limiting value of the maximum machine voltage - Limiter active - Limiter active

Minimum [%] Maximum [%] MinActive =True/False MaxActive =True/False

Caution In PF/Var mode, the Auto regulator takes over in the event of extreme line disturbances. Boost-Output - Pick-up volt. to generate boost command - Time boost output is active - Hysteresis for the reset of boost output

Threshold [%] Hold Time [s] Hysteresis [%]

[s]

Excitation ONnot active

Boost =Voltage Relay= 1 0

0 11

00 1

Hold time

Voltage drop

Hysterese

Machine voltage

Excitation ONSoft start

100%

t

Threshold



Setpoint setting for the regulator - Auto - PF, Var - Manual, - Open Loop

Minimum [ ] Maximum [ ] Ramp Rate [ ]

to voltage regulator to power factor, reactive power regulator to manual regulator to open loop regulation circuit

- UMaux

Minimum [ ] Maximum [ ]

Auxiliary supply to the summing point of Auto regulator

Mode Preset value

Manual 0 A Level of the setpoint if the digital Input Excitation ON is not active. Open Loop 0% PF 1.0 Var 0% Auto 100% The limits and rise time can be set separately for each operating mode. The setpoints of the non-active regulators follow the relevant operating point. For example, for reactive power regulation (Var) the setpoint of the auto-regulator follows the current machine voltage. Thus allows surge-free switching between operating modes if the new setpoint is within the setpoint limit. Particulars to the setpoint in Sync mode - No Load: Regulator works in AUTO mode. Setpoint follows line voltage and the ramp rate corresponds with the increase- resp. decrease command. - Gen CB Closed Status active: Works in AUTO mode, but the setpoint will be changed in such a

manner that the reactive power always goes to zero. Voltage Droop Compensation Control (VDC) - Primary Net ID - Secondary Net ID - Ramp Time

Net ID Net ID Ramp Time [s]

Ramp time to get machine voltage to 100% and Var equal between machines after VDC is activated.

Machine voltage

Reactive current

100

[%]Var SPmaxVar SPmin



Synchronisation - Minimum Slip - Maximum Slip - Max. voltage difference Note: fM > fNET Slip always negative Delta Angle

Minimum Slip [Hz] Maximum Slip [Hz] Maximum Delta U [%] Maximum Delta Angle [deg]

Slip

[Hz]

MinimumMaximum-1,00 -0,40

5,0

-5,0

10,0

-10,0

[%]

0

-20

-20-40

-6060

4020

0

Angle = -1010

UM -UNET(Delta U)

Time between closing command and closed breaker (see data sheet of the breaker)

Total CB Closing Time [ms]

• Voltage matcher

The machine voltage is raised to the level of the line voltage.

Ramp Rate has to be adjusted in the menu Setpoint AUTO • Frequency matcher Example: fNOM = 50 Hz (45 Hz < fNET ≤ 54 Hz, 50 Hz) (54 Hz < fNET < 66 Hz, 60 Hz) fNET = 49 Hz fM = 47 Hz fSP = 47 Hz (Setpoint turbine) fSP = 50 Hz (Setpoint turbine for synchronization) Slipmax = -0,4 Hz Slipmin = 0 Hz Fbias = fNET -fNOM -(Slipmax-Slipmin)/2 = -0,8 Hz fSP+Fbias= 49,2 Hz

UNET

UM98

100

103

[%] Setpoint AUTO

Ramp = constant

90

110 Maximum

Minimum

50

49

[Hz]

48

47

fNOM

fNET

fSP

[Hz]3

-3

Fbias

-0,8

fSP

50

49

[Hz]

fSP + Fbias

48

47

0,4fNOM

fNET

fM

49,2



Regulator Tune Auto [Voltage control] - Proportional gain - Integral time constant - Derivative time constant

Vp [p.u.] Ta [s] Tb [s]

Vp

1257 ω [rad/s]1/Ta

Gain[p.u.]

1/Tb

150

- Compensation or droop

Kq [%] [%]

Compensation

Droop

Kq= 0.00 (no effect)

Kq= 20% (max. compensation)

Kq= -20% (max. droop)

Machine voltage

Reactive current

[%]

PF or Var Control and PQ Limiter

Vp [p.u.] Ta [s]

P [W]

Q+ [var]

PF

VarPF

Active power

Reactive power

overexcitedunderexcited

Q-

Generator

Motor

Manual Field current control and Ie Limiter

Vp [p.u.] Ta [s]

Vp

1257 ω [rad/s]1/Ta

Gain[p.u.]

Communication ID unit number: AVR ID Write EEPROM Saves the parameters in the device’s EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory



3 INSTALLATION AND DISPOSAL Caution The safe operation of the unit depends on appropriate transport and correct storage,

installation and mounting. The unit should be packed and unpacked with the usual degree of care, without the use of force and using suitable tools. The unit should be inspected visually to check for any damage caused during transport. Complaints regarding defects resulting from inappropriate transport are to be addressed immediately to the receiving station or the last carrier. The unit should only be installed in indoor areas which are dry and dust-free and which do not contain any gases, acid fumes or similar (IP20).

3.1 Mechanical installation The unit is fixed in place by means of four screws. See dimensions diagram for fixing holes and spacing.

O 7 170

200

UNITROL 1000AbbR

Dimensions in mm

3.2 Earthing and wiring The emission limits in accordance with standard EN 50081-2 (1993) will only be complied with if the connections for the power electronics supply and the field output are made using shielded cables earthed at each end. We also recommend that shielded cables be used for the analog and digital connections. The connection terminals are fitted on the front side of the unit, on three levels: Maximum cross sections: - Power electronics, terminals numbers 1 - 15: 4 mm2 - Electronics section, terminals numbers 16 - 55: 2.5 mm2

The casing must be earthed at terminal 7 with 4 mm2. Additional earth terminals are provided for the shielded cables. The earth connection should be kept as short as possible.

3.3 Disposal

Improper disposal of electrical devices can lead to environmental damage. It is therefore important that the disposal of electronic equipment is carried out by qualified personnel. The metallic casing does not present any risk to the environment and can be recycled. UNITROL 1000 is of environmentally friendly design. The printed circuit boards are simple to remove. The printed circuit boards must be removed and should be disposed of by a licensed disposal company. Environmentally hazardous elements such as capacitors must be separated from the boards.



4 OPERATION

4.1 Operation on the unit

4.1.1 Keypad The keypad consists of four keys with the following functions:

Keys Commands

, Select mode: Moves the cursor up or down Horizontal arrow cursor marks the active line Parameter setting: Increases or reduces value

OK Select mode: Selects sub-menu in the line marked with the cursor On parameter level, the cursor disappears and the following text is displayed:

OK to write value => Accept new value, not yet saved in EEPROM ESC to cancel => Retain old value Parameter setting: Accept new value

ESC Select mode: Back to next-higher menu Parameter setting: Retain saved value

4.1.2 Display After auxiliary voltage supply UAUX is applied the version numbers of both the unit and the panel are shown on the display for a few seconds. Then the start menu MAIN lights up. All the sub-menus are called up from the “MAIN” start menu The vertical arrow (↓ ↑ ) indicates whether other lines are available ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ using the up () or down () keys. → The horizontal arrow cursor (→) marks the active line. "MAIN" start menu The title and three lines are displayed ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ - Online measurement of machine and field values → M o n i t o r - Current operating mode, in this place only a information M o d e = A u t o - Set ID number of the unit, in this place only a information C o n n e c t e d : 1 - Set parameters key S e t u p - Set regulator parameters key T u n e - Set ID number key C o m m u n i c a t i o n - Save parameters in UNITROL 1000 key W r i t e E E P R O M



4.1.3 Example of parameter setting Example: Assigning Parallel wGrid to input DI6

Operating Key Resulting display ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ → M o n i t o r M o d e = A u t o

Display after auxiliary voltage is applied

C o n n e c t e d : 1

∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o C o n n e c t e d : 1

In the start menu, use key to move down to setup 3x → S e t u p

∗ ∗ ∗ S E T U P ∗ ∗ S e t p o i n t s V o l t . D r o o p C o m p .

Select sub-menu 1, setup, and use key to move down to digital I/Os OK, 7x

→ D i g i t a l I / O s

D I G I T A L I / O s H y s t e r e s i s → I / O s

Select sub-menu 2, digital I/Os, and use key to move down to I/Os OK, 1x

D i n f r o m A i n

D I G I T A L I / O s D I O 4 D I 5

Select sub-menu 3, digital I/Os, and use key to move down to DI6 OK, 5x

→ D I 6

∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ → D i n = N o n e P o l a r i t y = N o r m a l

Select sub-menu 4, DI6 OK

∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ D i n = N o n e - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e

Select parameter DI Cursor disappears, text OK/ESC appears instead OK

- E S C t o c a n c e l

∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ D i n = P a r a l l e l w G r i d - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e

Use key to select assignment 3x - E S C t o c a n c e l

∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ → D i n = P a r a l l e l w G r i d P o l a r i t y = N o r m a l

Press OK key to save OK

∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o C o n n e c t e d : 1

Press ESC key to return to start menu 4x ESC → S e t u p

Caution The above procedure only changes the parameters in the volatile memory.

To make the modification permanent, you have to save the entire parameter set: Save parameters: Start menu MAIN, Write EEPROM, OK, OK.



4.1.4 Menu structure of display S t a r t m e n u S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o n i t o r ∗ ∗ ∗ M O N I T O R ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o U M = k V C o n n e c t e d : 1 U M r e l = % S e t u p I M 2 = A T u n e I M 2 r e l = % C o m m u n i c a t i o n Q = k V a r W r i t e E E P R O M Q r e l = % P = k W P r e l = % I e = A f r e q = H z

M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ S y s t e m D a t a ∗ S Y S T E M D A T A ∗ F i e l d F l a s h i n g U M N o m = k V S o f t S t a r t P T = P T : T h r e e p h a s e L i m i t e r s U M P r i m = k V S i n g l e p h a s e S y n c h r o n i z a t i o n U M S e c o n d = V 3 p h a s e g n d S e t p o i n t s I M 2 N o m = A V o l t . D r o o p C o m p . I M 2 P r i m = A D i g i t a l I / O s I M 2 S e c = A A n a l o g I n p u t s I e N o L o a d = A A n a l o g O u t p u t s K c e i l = V / V X q = M A I N , S E T U P ∗ F I E L D F L A S H I N G O f f L e v e l = % M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ S O F T S T A R T ∗ ∗ S t a r t L v l = % H o l d T i m e = s R a m p T i m e = s M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ ∗ V / H z L i m i t e r ∗ ∗ V / H z L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ I e M i n L i m i t e r f k n e e = H z I e M a x L i m i t e r S l o p e = % P Q L i m i t e r U M L i m i t e r B o o s t



S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ I e M i n L I M I T E R ∗ M i n i m u m = A A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ I e M a x L I M I T E R ∗ M a x i m u m = A H o l d T i m e = s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e l a y e d = A H o l d T i m e = s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C o n t i n u o u s = A A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ P Q L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ Q ( 0 % ) = % Q ( 2 5 % ) = % Q ( 5 0 % ) = % Q ( 7 5 % ) = % Q ( 1 0 0 % ) = % V o l t . D e p e n d = A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ U M L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % M i n A c t i v e = M a x A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ ∗ B O O S T ∗ ∗ ∗ T h r e s h o l d = %

H o l d T i m e = s H y s t e r e s i s = %

M A I N , S E T U P S Y N C H R O N I Z A T I O N M i n S l i p = H z M a x S l i p = H z M a x d U = % M a x A n g l = d e g T o t C B C t i m e = m s



S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ S E T P O I N T S ∗ ∗ A u t o ∗ ∗ A U T O P F ∗ ∗ P F S P V a r ∗ ∗ V a r S P M a n u a l ∗ ∗ M A N U A L S P O p e n L o o p ∗ O P E N L O O P S P ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % R a m p R a t e = % / s ∗ ∗ ∗ U M A U X ∗ ∗ ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ V D C ∗ ∗ ∗ P r i m . N e t I D = S e c . N e t I D = R a m p T i m e = s M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ D I G I T A L I / O s ∗ ∗ H y s t e r e s i s ∗ ∗ H Y S T E R E S I S ∗ ∗ I / O s L o w L e v e l = V D i n f r o m A i n H i g h L e v e l = V



S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 S u b - m e n u 4 ∗ ∗ D I G I T A L I / O s ∗ ∗ D I O 1 D i r e c t i o n : I n p u t D i n D I O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 1 D I O 3 N o n e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 2 D I O 4 E x c i t a t i o n O N , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 3 D I 5 G e n C B c l . s t . , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 4 ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 P a r a l l e l w G r i d , D i r e c t i o n = D I 7 I n c r e a s e , D i n = D I 8 D e c r e a s e , D o u t = R e s e t S e t p o i n t , P o l a r i t y = R e m o t e S P E n a . , P F E n a b l e , V a r E n a b l e , M a n u a l E n a b l e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 5 O p e n L o o p E n a . , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 S y n c , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 7 V D C E n a b l e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 8 ∗ ∗ ∗ S e c o n d a r y N e t D i n = P o l a r i t y = D i r e c t i o n : O u t p u t D o u t N o n e , B o o s t , F i e l d F l a s h i n g , S y s t e m O K ∗ ∗ D I N f r o m A I N ∗ L i m i t A c t i v e , S u b - m e n u 4 D I 9 f r o m + A I V / H z L i m . A c t . , D I 1 0 f r o m - A I S P L i m . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 0 9 D I 1 1 f r o m + A I S P M i n . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 0 D I 1 2 f r o m - A I S P M a x . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 1 D I 1 3 f r o m + A I O p e r . L i m . A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 2 D I 1 4 f r o m - A I M i n I e A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 3 M a x I e A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 4 f r o m – A I ∗ M i n P Q A c t . , D i n = M i n U M A c t . , P o l a r i t y = M a x U M A c t . , V o l t a g e R e l a y , C l o s e C B C o m d , S y n c C h e c k , S W A l a r m P o l a r i t y : N o r m a l , I n v e r t e d



S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 A i n : N o n e , A u t o R e m o t e S P , P F R e m o t e S P , V a r R e m o t e S P , M a n u a l R e m S P , O p e n L o o p R S P , U M a u x , R e s e r v e d 2 , R e s e r v e d 3 , R e s e r v e d 4 , R e s e r v e d 5 , D I 9 ( + ) & 1 0 ( - ) , D I 1 1 ( + ) & 1 2 ( - ) , D I 1 3 ( + ) & 1 4 ( - ) M A I N , S E T U P ∗ A N A L O G I N P U T S A I 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 1 A I 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 2 A I 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ A i n = U i n 0 % = V U i n 1 0 0 % = V A o u t : N o n e , E x c . C u r r e n t , P W M F b i a s A I N , S E T U P A N A L O G O U T P U T S A O 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ A O 1 A O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ A O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ I e R a n g e A o u t = F b i a s R a n g e U o u t 0 % = V U o u t 1 0 0 % = V M A I N , S E T U P , A N A L O G O U T P U T S ∗ ∗ I e R A N G E ∗ F b i a s R A N G E ∗ F b i a s 0 % = %

F b i a s 1 0 0 % = %

M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ T U N E ∗ ∗ ∗ A u t o ∗ ∗ ∗ A U T O ∗ ∗ ∗ P F / V a r / P Q L i m i t e r S e t p o i n t = % M a n u a l / I e L i m i t e r V p = O p e n L o o p T a = s T b = s K q = % S t e p = % D o S t e p



S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 M A I N , T U N E P F / V a r / P Q L I M I T E R S P P F = S P V a r = % V p = T a = s P F - S t e p = V a r - S t e p = D o P F - S t e p D o V a r - S t e p M A I N , T U N E M A N U A L / I e L I M I T E R S e t p o i n t = A V p = T a = s S t e p = A D o S t e p M A I N , T U N E ∗ ∗ O P E N L O O P ∗ ∗ S e t p o i n t = % S t e p = % D o S t e p =

M A I N ∗ C O M M U N I C A T I O N A V R I D =

M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ W r i t e E E P R O M - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e - E S C t o c a n c e l

4.1.5 Fault message on the display In certain circumstances it could appear the following fault messages on the display: − XIRQ, SI or SYSTEM HALTED The regulator continues to work faultless and has not to be taken out of service. But, no parameters can be entered or changed. The display is reseted when the unit is taken out of service and the auxiliary power is disconnected for a short-time. A defective unit should be sent in for repair. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.



4.2 PC-Software The delivered PC software is called PCTools for UNITROL 1000. System requirements: - at least Pentium II (200MHz) processor - 256 MB RAM - 4-speed CD-ROM drive - Microsoft® WindowsTM 95/98, NT or 2000

Installing PCTools 3.0 software To install the PCTools software please carry out the following steps: • Place the PCTools CD in your CD-ROM drive • Open the Windows File Manager or Explorer • Display the CD root directory • Double-click Visa201.exe from the directory PCTools \ Installer \ Disks • Double-click Setup.exe from the directory PCTools \ Installer \ Disks • Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. The Setup loads the

PCTools program into your hard disk. The application program is now installed. To start the program: • Open the user interface via Start button, Programs, UNITROL 1000 and

Double-click the shortcut icon PCTools.

Distribution rights: PCTools was developed with the LabVIEW software and is distributed free of license charges and costs. The copyright to LabVIEW is owned by the company National Instruments International Distribution (NIID). “Copyright © [02-03-20] National Instruments Corporation.“



4.2.1 Operation using the software The window PCTools is the graphic user interface of the program. The other sub-menus are called up from the menu bar: - File: Load/save parameters - Monitor: Online measuring - Setup: Set parameters - Com.: Set ID number - Tune: Tune regulator - Help: Software information

PCTools

File Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune

+

Connected to:

Help

EEPROM

OFF LINE

AVR1

menu bar, start menu

ABB PCTools for UNITROL 1000

ID-Number

Display on the unit: After the connection cable has been connected, the unit display reads REMOTE CONTROL. → R E M O T E C O N T R O L Note It is possible to connect or disconnect the cable while the unit is in operation. To make the communication between PCTools and the unit: • Click the button OFF LINE

Caution: This button is shaded, if PCTools can not communicate with the unit. • Press the button „Continue“ to

accept the reading of the parameters.

PCTools


+

Connected to:

Help

EEPROMAVR1Reading Parameters from AVR

100.0% Ready

CancelParameters Read OK

Continue

+

OFF LINEclick

Button lights up green

LED lights up green

ON LINE

2nd click

The button is now with ON LINE labelled and lights up green The parameters have been loaded from the unit to PCTools (EEPROM LED lights up green)



4.2.2 Example of parameter setting using PCTools Example: Assigning Parallel with Grid Status to input DI6 Make ON-LINE connection to the unit

Menu bar PCTools, start menu - Select setup - Select digital I/Os - Open input DI6 withmenu - Select input Return to start menu

PCToolsFile Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune

+

+ Digital I/Os

click

System DataSoft Start

LimitersSetpoints

Analog Output

Help

Field Flashing

Voltage Droop Composition

Analog Input

click

In NormalNoneDIO1

NormalNoneDI5

Direction Digital Input/Output Polarity

NormalNoneDI6

NormalParallel with Grid StatusDI6

NoneExcitation ONGen CB Closed Status

IncreaseDecreaseReset SetpointRemote SP EnablePF EnableVar EnableManual EnableOpen Loop Enable

click

click

VDC EnableSecondary Net

Synchronize

Close

Synchronization

Reset AlarmStandby

Parallel with Grid Status

Digital I/Os

Caution The above procedure only changes the parameters in the volatile memory.

To make the modification permanent, you have to save the entire parameter set. Save parameters in ON LINE status: - Unit: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Write Parameters to EEPROM - Harddisk: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Save Parameter File



4.2.3 Menu structure of PCTools

+ PCTools File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help

About PCTools… Software information About PCTools Control: Software revision unit Panel: Software revision panel Revision: Software revision PCTools Click window to continue Connected AVR

+

Software RevisionsControl: X.XXXPanel: X.XXX Click window to continue

ABB for UNITROL 1000Revision: X.XXX

PCTools

File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help

Open Parameter File *.ini Save Parameter File Write Parameters to EEPROM Close close the application


Measurements Online measurement of the machine and field values Oscilloscope Online measurement PQ Diagram Online measurement Sync Diagram Online measurement

• Window measuring instruments

Monitor \ Measurements

- Network Voltage (UNET) [% and kV] - Machine Voltage (UM) [% and kV] - Machine Real Power (P) [% and kW] - Field Current (Ie) [A] - Machine Current (IM2) [% and A] - Machine Reactive Power (Q) [% and kVar - Network Frequency (fNET) [Hz] - Machine Frequency (fM) [Hz] - Power Factor (PF) --

5025

75

0

100125

150

%

Measurements+

Close

0.00.000

Machine Voltage (UM)

kV



• Oscilloscope

Monitor \ Oscilloscope File Edit Start

Open Waveform Ctrl+O open the waveform (is saved as ASCII table, *.xls) Recall Setup open settings of oscilloscope (*. cfg)

Save Waveform save measurements as ASCII table (*.xls) Save Setup save oscilloscope settings (*. cfg)

Print Bitmap to File Ctrl+B save waveform in a BMP File

Close Ctrl+Q close application

File Edit Start

Cursors Ctrl+C show / hide cursors, Cursor appear on the left side of the screen Sweep Buffer Ctrl+S Run through recording from Cursor A

File Edit Start

Start start the record (appears menu point Freeze Waveform) Freeze Waveform stop the record (appears menu point Start)

File Edit Start

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

time / s

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3

Channel 4

Generator StateModeCombined Limit-------------PWMIeUM Relative

f MachineP RelativeQ RelativecosphiIq Relative

Limit Ie MaxLimit PQ Min

PWM

%/div

%0.0

100.0

Ie

A/div

A0.0

10.0

f Machine

Hz/div

Hz0.0

50.0

UM Relative

%/div

%0.0

50.0

IM2 Relative

sBuffer Length

Channel 1 Channel 1A B

click0.0 %0.0 s

Channel 1Channel 2Channel 3Channel 4

dt = 0.0 s1/dt = Inf Hz

Cursors A, B

Zoom

50.0

UM StepPF StepVar StepIe Step

click

Iq Relative Slow

GainOffset

Cursors A, B

Sampling rate = 20 Samples / Second

Measurement: Define buffer length (max. length = 100 s) Start, stop and save record The assignment of the signal, gain, offset can be chosen afterwards.

Note: A reduced buffer length improves considerably the performance of the PC.



• Window PQ Diagram

Monitor \ PQ Diagram (Power chart)

125

100

75

50

25

0-300 -275 -250 -225 -200 -175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100

x

x

x

x

x

Operating points

Limiter characteristics100

75

50

25

0

Close

• Window Synchonization Diagram

Monitor \ Sync Diagram

Close

-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4-10.0

-6.0

-4.0-2.0

0.0

2.04.06.0

8.0

10.0

-8.0

-20

-20-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140-160180

160140

120

100

80

60

4020

0

Angle Frequency/Voltage

x

UM - UNET [%]

fM -fNET

[Hz]

Slip

Differential voltage machine to network

Synchronization

Synchronoscope

Close command

0,05 Hz




Setting of the system and unit parameters System Data System Data Soft Start Soft Start Field Flashing Field Flashing Limiters Limiters Setpoints Setpoints Voltage Droop Compensation Voltage Droop Compensation Control Digital I/Os Digital I/Os Analog Inputs Analog Inputs Analog Outputs Analog Outputs Synchronization Synchronization Limiters V/Hz Limiter Operational Limits PQ, Ie und UM limiter Boost Line short circuit support Setpoints Auto Min., max. and ramp PF Var Manual Open Loop UMaux



• Adjust System Data

Setup \ System Data

IM2 NominalA

S NominalUM NominalkV

Ie No LoadA

Xq

Kceiling

UM Nominal @ AVRV

IM2 Nominal @ AVRA

Primary Secondary:

Potential Transformer

kV V

Primary Secondary:

Current Transformer

A A

V/V

PT

Three PhaseSingle PhaseThree ph gnd

110.00 1.000

5.0

5.00

1.50

1.000 110.00 500 1.000

5001.000 MVA0.87

Three Phasecli

ck

Close

• Configure Soft Start

Setup \ Soft Start

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

100

80

60

40

20

00.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

sRamp Time

sHold Time

%

110

0.0

0.0

10.0

Close

Start Level

• Adjust Field Flashing

Setup \ Field Flashing

%Field Flashing Off Level 0.0

Close

0.0



• Adjust V/Hz Limiter

Setup \ Limiters \ V/Hz Limiter

f knee Hz

Slope %/fknee100.0

48.0

Close

• Adjust Ie, UM and PQ Limiter

Setup \ Limiters \ Operational Limits \ Limiter Setup Ie Limiter Max Min

Active

Max Ie = Min Q30.0

Max delayed Ie = Min Q12.0

Max continous Ie = Min Q10.0

Min Q10.0

Min Q60.0

Min QMin UMMax UM

Min Ie

ss

forfor

A

AA

Active

Min Ie = Min Q0.0

Min QMin UMMax UMMax Ie

A

Max IeMin Ie

Close Close

UM Limiter Max Min

Active

Min QMin UMMin Ie

Active

Min QMin IeMax UMMax Ie

Min UM = Min Q90.0 %Max UM = Min Q110.0 %

Min UMMax UMMax Ie

PQ Limiter

Active

Min UMMax UM

Min IeMax Ie

Voltage dependency

Min Q5 = Min Q-20.0 %, when P = 100%

Min Q4 = Min Q-25.0 %, when P = 75%

Min Q3 = Min Q-30.0 %, when P = 50%

Min Q2 = Min Q-35.0 %, when P = 25%

Min Q1 = Min Q-40.0 %, when P = 0%

Min Q

Close



• Adjust short circuit support

Setup \ Limiters \ Boost

Threshold %

Hold Time

Hysteresis %

s

40.0

3.0

15.0

Close

• Adjust Setpoint Range

Setup \ Setpoints \ AUTO

Minimum %

Maximum

Ramp Rate %/s

%

90.0

110.0

0.30

Close

The setpoints PF, Var, Manual, Open loop and UMaux are entered in identical input fields. • Adjust Voltage Droop Compensation Control Range

Setup \ Voltage Droop Compensation

Primary Net ID

Secondary Net ID

VDC Ramp Time s

1

2

10.0

Close



• Configure Digital I/O

Setup \ Digital I/Os

In NormalNoneDIO1

High Level V

Low Level V

Direction Digital Input/Output Polarity

click

10.0

4.0

In NormalNoneDIO2Inverted

None NormalInDIO3

NoneDIO4 NormalIn

NormalNoneDI5

NormalNoneDI6

NormalNoneDI7

NormalNoneDI8

NormalNoneDI9 from +AI

NormalNoneDI10 from -AI





NoneExcitation ON

Parallel with Grid StatusGen CB Closed Status

IncreaseDecreaseReset SetpointRemote SP EnablePF EnableVar EnableManual EnableOpen Loop Enable

Direction = OutNoneBoost

Direction = In

VDC EnableSecondary Net

FieldFlashing

Limit ActiveV/Hz Limit ActiveSP Limit ReachedSP Minimum ReachedSP Maximum ReachedOperational Limit ActiveMin Ie ActiveMax Ie ActiveMin PQ ActiveMin UM ActiveMax UM ActiveVoltage Relay

click

Out

Synchronize

SystemOK

Close

click

Reset AlarmStandby CloseCBCommand

Sync CheckSW Alarm



• Configure Analog Inputs Setup \ Analog Inputs

Analog Input 0% 100%

NoneAI2 V V

NoneAI3 V V

NoneAI1 V V0.0

0.0

0.0 10.0

10.0

10.0

Close

NoneAuto Remote Setpoint

Var Remote SetpointPF Remote Setpoint

Manual Remote SetpointOpen Loop Remote SetpointUMauxReserved2Reserved3Reserved4Reserved5Digital Input 9(+) & 10(-)Digital Input 11(+) & 12(-)Digital Input 13(+) & 14(-)

click

• Configure Analog Outputs

Setup \ Analog Outputs

NoneAO1 V V

NoneAO2 V V

% %

A A

maxmin

Ie Range

PWM

0.0

0.0

0.0

10.0

10.0

30.0

0.0 100.0

Analog Output

Close

Excitation CurrentNone

PWMFbias

click

Hz HzFbias Range -3.0 3.0



• Adjust Synchronization

Setup \ Synchronization

Minimum Slip

Maximum Slip

Maximum Delta U

Hz0.00

-0.40

Close

Maximum Delta Angle

Total CB Closing Time

10

90

5.00

Hz

%

deg

ms


ID Definition Set ID number • Set ID Number

Communication \ ID Definition Note: Required in VDC mode to be set unique

ID 1

Close




Setpoint Adjust Auto Automatic voltage regulation PF/Var/PQ Limiter PF, Var regulation and PQ Limiter Manual/Ie Limiter Manual control and Ie Limiter

• Adjust Setpoint, Trigger Setpoint, Status Displays

Tune \ Setpoint Adjust

Setpoint

UP

%

DOWN

%

UPDOWN

UM Step

110.0

105.0

100.0

95.0

90.0

Limiter State

Ie High

UM High

IM High

V/Hz

Ie Low

UM Low

Iq Low

Active ModeGenerator State

Close

Sec. Net

Grid

Prim. Net

0.0

100.0

Open Loop

Pf

Var

VDC

Sync

Manual

Standby

NoLoad

AUTO

A setpoint jump can also be triggered in this window.

Adjust setpoint

Set step height

Trigger setpoint jump

• Parameter Setting Range

Tune \ Auto

Vp(Proportional Gain)

Ta(Integration Time)

s

Kq(Droop)

Tb(Derivation Time)

s%

5.00

2.00

1.00

3.00

4.00

0.01

20.00

15.005.00

0.01

10.00

175

150

125100

75

50

25

0 200

15

20

10

50

-5

-10

-15

-20

20.0 1.00

0.0 0.35

Close

- Tune \ PF/Var/PQ Limiter - Tune \ Manual/Ie Limiter

Vp(Proportional Gain)

Ta(Integration Time)

s

20.00

15.005.00

0.01

10.00

175

150

125100

75

50

25

0 200

20.0 1.00

Close



4.2.4 Save parameter file PC UN 1000

Write Parametersto EEPROM

PCTools

ON LINE

OFF LINESave Parameter FileOpen Parameter File

Parameters

RAM

Parameters

EEPROM

LED lights up, if data RAM = EEPROM (ON LINE)EEPROM

Harddisk

• Status ON-LINE

After switching from OFF LINE to ON LINE, PCTools reads the parameters from the device‘s RAM. Now, all parameter changes carried out using PCTools are written directly into the device‘s RAM. - Write Parameters to EEPROM: The parameters in the RAM are stored in the device. - Save Parameter File: The parameters are saved onto the hard disk as an INI file. - Open Parameter File: The INI file is loaded into PCTools and the RAM is overwritten

again. Caution: The old parameter file is immediately overwritten in the RAM!

• Status OFF-LINE Any parameter changes carried out in PCTools are not transferred into the device. - Write Parameters to EEPROM: No effect, since there is no communication between PCTools and

the device. - Save Parameter File: The parameters are saved onto the hard disk as an INI file. - Open Parameter File: The INI file is only loaded into PCTools.

Caution: If you now switch to ON-LINE, PCTools loads the old data from the RAM again!

• Editing the Parameter file:

The INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) or by double-clicking on the filename and the parameters can be edited directly and printed out.

Caution When entering the parameters, it should be ensured that the permissible ranges of

values are not exceeded and that the specified syntax is observed.

If the parameters in *.ini file are not correct, serious damage can be caused on the plant!



4.2.5 Evaluation of the waveform The curves for the current and stored data can be viewed using the oscilloscope, PQ diagram and the instruments. (Monitor toolbar)

File Edit Start

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

time / s

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3

Channel 4Gen. State

/div0.0

2.0

Combined Limit

/div0.01.0

Iq Relative

%/divHz0.0

100.0

UM Relative

%/div

%0.050.0

sBuffer Length

Channel 3 Channel 3A B

0.0 %24.0 s

dt = 10.3 s1/dt = 0.097Hz

50.0

0.0 %34.3 s

1

2

3

4

1

2

4

3A B

Sweep Buffer

Cursors A, B

Freeze Waveform

125

100

75

50

25

0-300 -275 -250 -225 -200 -175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100

x

x

x

x

x

PQ Limiter is active

limiter characteristics100

75

50

25

0

Close

5025

75

0

100125

150

[%]

Measurements+

Close

106.7

1.067

Machine Voltage [UM]

[kV]

Zoom

• Status OFF LINE

File \ Open Waveform: Open stored waveform file. Edit \ Cursors: Assign channel with buttons A and B, use left mouse button to drag cursor A to the desired point on the signal curve. The measured values can be measured on the oscilloscope, instruments or PQ diagram.

Edit \ Sweep Buffer: The curves are run through from cursor point A using the scanning bar. • Status ON LINE

Start: The recording of the waveform is started. Freeze Waveform: The recording is stopped. File \ Save Waveform: Save waveform. File \ Save Setup: Save oscilloscope settings.

− The window in "Tune“ can also be opened to set the regulators. − The setpoint step is simulated in "Tune Setpoint Adjust“. − The buffer length can be adjusted from 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 20 s, 50 s to 100 s. − The time scale can be adjusted in the bar above the waveform (Zoom).



Monitor \ oscilloscope, status display There are 3 quasi analogue signals which can be used to represent status changes on the oscilloscope. Decoding of the signals Generator State, Mode and Combined Limit.

Generator StateModeCombined Limit-------------PWMIeUM Relative

f MachineP RelativeQ RelativecosphiIq Relative

SlipUNetRelative

IM2 Relative

UM StepPF StepVar StepIe Step

Angle

signal value state Generator State: 0 = Idle (NoLoad) 1 = Change NoLoad -> Net1 2 = Net 1 3 = Change Net1 <-> Net2 4 = Net 2 5 = Change Net2 -> NoLoad 6 = Net1 or Net2 -> Grid ON 7 = Grid ON => see channel 4, picture previous page 8 = Grid ON -> Net1 or Net2 Mode: 0 = Auto 1 = Var 2 = PF 3 = Manual 4 = Open Loop 5 = VDC 6 = Sync 7 = Standby Combined Limit: 0 = None 1 = Ie Min 2 = UM Min 3 = PQ Min => see channel 3, picture previous page 4 = Ie Max 5 = UM Max +8 = V/Hz *)

*) Each time a limiter is tripped, the V/Hz-Limiter can also occur and be displayed in the status signal of

the limiters. All other collective signals only allow one display . Summary of the limiter status:

NoneIe Min

PQ MinUM Min

Ie MaxUM Max

V/Hz

1.0

Combined Limit

+82.03.04.05.0

8.09.0

10.011.0

Ie Min +V/HzUM MinPQ MinIe MaxUM Max

+V/Hz

+V/Hz+V/Hz

+V/Hz12.013.0

1.0/div

+8

s



4.2.6 Error message • Error message during the reading of the parameters The following message appears if the connection is interrupted during the reading of the parameters.

PCTools


+

Help

ON LINE

Reading Parameters from AVR

100.0% Ready

Cancel

Error 0 occurred at Time Out.

Continue

+

Possible reasons:

FieldPoint: IAK operation was successful.orIA Servers: IAK operation was successful.orNI-488: Error connecting to driver or device.

− Acknowledge by clicking on the Continue button. − Check connection between PC and device and click OFF LINE button again. • Error message at assigning of the digital input with the signal Synchronize The Error message appears, when the relevant unit does not include the option Synchronization.

OK

+

Synchronization is not possible with this unit

Note You can ask for information directly from the manufacturer, in case the option

„Synchronization“ is required to this unit. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.



5 COMMISSIONING

5.1 Safety regulations

UNITROL 1000 units operate with dangerous voltages of up to 250 V AC. Manipulation of live parts can lead to death or injury to the persons involved or damage to the surroundings. Possible risks are largely excluded if the unit is handled properly in accordance with these instructions.

All relevant regulations must be complied with during commissioning. It is essential that these safety regulations are read before starting any work on the UNITROL 1000 equipment.

After the unit has been switched off, it must be ensured by measurement that no measuring voltages or control voltages >50 V are present at the terminals. At an interrupted field circuit the input capacitor is slowly discharged through internal circuits. In order to prevent unintentional closing of open voltage circuits by third parties, the circuits in question should be identified at the point of interruption (e.g. by means of a warning sign).

If work is being carried out in the vicinity of the UNITROL 1000, all voltages greater than 50 V leading to the system must be switched off.

Caution Before switching on, always check whether the connection terminals are wired up

according to the plant schematic.



5.2 Setting aids At the first commissioning all parameters have to be controlled. For this see description of the parameters in section 2.2.2 and settings recorded in section 7.3. Overview of parameter blocks • Setup: - System Data - Field Flashing - Soft Start - Limiters

- Synchronization - Setpoints

- Voltage Droop Compensation Control - Digital I/O

- Analog I/O • Tune: Controller • Communication: ID unit number. Setting aids • Setup \ System Data, Ceiling Factor Kceil

UeoUeKceil

max=

Uemax: maximum output voltage Ueo: output voltage at nominal voltage of the machine (machine in no-load operation)

Regulator

ESM

U PWR

U emax

U eo

Definition: The ceiling factor Kceil determines the relationship between the maximum output voltage of the regulator and the exciter voltage which is required for no-load excitation and is thus a measure for the possible overexcitation of the machine. The greater the ceiling factor, the faster the regulator can react drops in the machine voltage and/or reactive power. On the other hand the smaller the ceiling factor, the faster the regulator can react load off.

The ceiling factor is dependent on the available supply voltage UPWR. Power electronics supply: three- phase: Uemax = 1.40 * UPWR – 8 V single-phase: Uemax = 1.25 * UPWR – 8 V DC: Uemax = 0.98 * UPWR – 8 V Example: Specifications: Power electronics supply UPWR = 240 V, single-phase

No-load exciter voltage Ueo = 150 V

Calculation: Uemax = 1.25 * 240 V – 8 V = 292 V Kceil = 292 V/150 V = 1.95 p.u.



• Setup \ System Data, Machine Reactance Xq - Salient pole machine: Xq ≈ 0.7 to 0.5 Xd - Cylindrical-rotor machine (Turbo): Xq ≈ Xd • Setup \ Limiter, Manual und Open Loop

There are no limiters active in the mode Manual and Open loop. • Setup \ Limiter, UM Limiter

The limiting values of the UM limiter are, as a rule, set equally, like the setpoint range of the voltage regulator (Auto mode).

Setpoint Auto UM Limiter Example Minimum = Minimum 90% Maximum = Maximum 110%

• Setup \ Synchronization

Caution The machine frequency has to be always greater than network frequency.

It can not be synchronized by a positive slip.



• Setup \ Digital I/Os, configuration

Software configuration of the digital I/Os: − Check switching threshold of the inputs. Default values apply to internal 24 V supply. − Define terminal as input or output − Assign terminal to desired signal − Select polarity

• Setup \ Analog inputs / outputs, configuration

Software configuration of the analog inputs: − Assign terminal to desired signal − Define signal level of the input signal [Uin0% … Uin100%] − If the input is used as a digital input, the desired signal name is to be assigned in the menu

Digital I/Os.

Software configuration of the analog outputs: − Assign terminal to desired signal − Define signal level of the output signal [Uin0% to Uin100%] − Define signal level of the field current [Ie0% to Ie100%]

• Setup \ Digital I/Os, selection of operating mode

The operating mode is selected via the digital inputs. For this purpose, a maximum of 10 inputs have to be occupied by the following signals:

Mode Digital inputs which are to be assigned

Exc. ON

Stand by

SYN Gen CB Closed Status

Parallel with Grid Status

Manual Enable

Open Loop

Enable

VDC Enable

PF Enable

Var Enable

OFF 0 V X X X X X X X X X Standby 24 V 24 V X X X X X X X X Sync 24 V 0 V 24 V X X X X X X X Manual 24 V 0 V 0 V X X 24 V X X X X Open Loop 24 V 0 V 0 V X X 0 V 24 V X X X VDC 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X X PF 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X Var 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V Auto 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V X 0 V 0 V X X X

with *) 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V *) with droop or compensation X = not relevant 0 V = 0 V or open Note: If an input is to be continuously active (24 V), then it should only be inverted by software

means. The input then naturally counts as being occupied. The inputs DI9 to DI14 can be used as virtual digital inputs even if they are not defined in Analog Inputs as Digital Inputs.



• Tune \ Setpoint Adjust, Step

Mode Maximum adjustable setpoint jump during 10 s Manual ±5 A Open Loop ±20% PF ±0.2 Var ±50% Auto ±20%

• Tune, Order of priorities

If several operating modes are selected simultaneously by the digital inputs, then the following order of priority applies. This is also shown in the tables Selection of operating mode on the preceding page. (Fields with X = not relevant)

Priority Mode Remark 1. resp. top OFF 2. Standby 3. Sync 4. Manual 5. Open Loop 6. VDC Only active, if Gen CB Closed status is there

and Parallel with Grid status is there 7. PF Only active, if Parallel with Grid status is there 8. Var Only active, if Parallel with Grid status is there 9. resp. lowest Auto active, if no other operation mode is active

• Tune, Auto

The following settings can be pre-set on the basis of the machine data.

Integral time constant Ta This lies within the range of Td‘ of the main machine. Setting: Ta = Td‘

Derivative time constant Tb This approximately compensates the load time constant TE of the exciter machine. Setting: Tb = 0.7 to 1.0 * TE

Proportional gain Vp This most important setting value depends primarily on the controlled system. If the ceiling factor Kceil has been set correctly, values between 10 and 40 should result in stable regulation of the machine.

A default value of 20 is set for the first excitation.

Reactive power influence Kq In the case of machines which, without step-up transformers, are connected with the fixed grid or, via a busbar, with other synchronous machines, it is essential that the droop Kq is set to a negative value of –5 to –20%. A higher negative value makes the machine more independent of voltage fluctuations in the grid; the reactive power output or consumption stabilises. At low negative values, the machine will support the grid or busbar voltage. In the case of machines with step-up transformers, the voltage drop of the transformer can be partly compensated with positive values of Kq.

Example: Step-up transformer Reactance = 12% Compensation Kq = +6%



5.3 Work carried out while machine is at a standstill Preliminary checks: • Wiring check, compare connections with schematic

Caution Unit connection terminal 7 has to be earthed.

Caution Disconnect cables before the meggers (with the insulation tester) on the unit. The unit could be damaged.

• Switch on auxiliary voltage UAUX

• Adjust parameters

• Check measuring voltage and current transformer circuits

• Measure field resistance

• Low-load test: external supply of power electronics (3x <250 V AC) - Open loop mode, polarity

- Optimise Ie regulator • Adjust limiter settings on the basis of customer’s power chart Reminder, generator: short circuit and no-load tests.

5.4 Work carried out while machine is running No-load tests: (nominal speed, not synchronized) • Field flashing, discharge and in Auto and Manual mode

• Soft start in Auto mode

• Adapt setpoint range, optimise voltage regulator

• V/Hz limiter: The actuation point fknee is set to 48 Hz by default

Caution For 60 Hz machines this value must be set to approximately 58 Hz. Reminder, synchronization: First synchronization with voltage regulator.



Tests under load: • Stator current measurement, internal P- and Q-measurement, droop/compensation

Caution The droop/compensation is set to 0% by default. If the machine is paralleled directly with the rigid grid or, via a busbar, with other synchronous machines, it is essential that the droop Kq is set to a value of approx. –10% before the first synchronization. The reactive current must be monitored carefully during the first paralleling. If it increases uncontrollably following the first synchronization, then the current direction of the IM2 measurement is incorrect or the CT phase position is wrong.

• Load rejection overexcited and underexcited

• Optimise Iemin / Iemax Llimiter

• Optimise PQ Limiter

Caution The setting of the PQ limiter must be co-ordinated with the settings of the generator protection. As a rule, the limiter should be set at least 5% lower.

• PF and Var regulator, stability, setpoint range.

Note: To enable correct operation of PQ Limiter, the PF / Var regulator must be tuned, even if these modes are not used.



Synchronization: It is a prerequisite for the correct functioning of the synchronization that the measured machine and network voltages are in phase, display the correct values and are tuned with the circuit breaker closed. • Measurement of the phase angle of the voltages UNET and UM:

Open the isolator, close the circuit breaker (CB) For reasons of safety has to be measured not only in the menu Monitor\Oscilloscope or Monitor\Sync Diagram but also with an oscilloscope.

• „Blind“ synchronization:

Watch the event with synchronoscope (Monitor\Sync Diagram) by disconnected trigger of the circuit breaker.

• „Live“ synchronization: Record the event with synchronoscope

AVR

SM

UNET

UM

CB

UN 1000

Isolator

• About the measurement: Caution In this status, the phase-angle difference must be 0 deg. Otherwise the measuring cable are

incorrectly connected. Incorrect polarity cannot be detected by the UNITROL 1000. There must not occur a phase shift caused by one of the both measuring transformer or by the connection group of a step-up transformer. Paralleling with incorrect polarity can lead to serious damage.

Note: The synchronoscope must stand at „twelve o’clock “. If the synchronoscope stands at „six o’clock“, one voltage is incorrectly connected. In other positions, either measuring is being carried out on incorrect phases or a phase shift caused by the connection group of a step-up transformer has not been compensated. Concluding work: • Saving the parameter and write the parameter settings section 7.3 or printing out the INI file.

The INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) and printed out.



6 MAINTENANCE AND FAULTS

6.1 Maintenance When the system is at a standstill, the screwed terminals which can loosen due to vibrations should be checked for tightness. Dusty cooling flanges should also be cleaned.

6.2 Trouble shooting The following instructions are intended to assist in localising a fault within the excitation system as a whole. However, it is not possible to deal with all eventualities in full. If a fault occurs in the unit, then the reserve unit should first be installed and commissioned in accordance with section 5.

List of possible faults

Possible causes Checks, action Machine is not excited • Field circuit interrupted • Field circuit-breaker doesn’t close

− Check wiring for break − Check field circuit-breaker

Shunt: • Field flashing does not work

− Check field flashing circuit

• No electronics supply UAUX − Measure auxiliary supply UAUX − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker

• No control element supply UPWR − Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker

Shunt: • Machine is only excited to the value supplied

by the field flashing • Machine is first excited then discharges again

− Measure auxiliary supply UAUX,

Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check field flashing Off level − Check operating mode. For field flashing

normally Auto is used − Check field flashing Off level − Check setpoint − Measure power electronics supply UPWR − If all supplies and setpoints are correct change

unit • Setpoint error

− Check operating mode. For field flashing normally Auto is used

− Check setpoint

• Regulator error

− Measure output voltage at terminals 8,9 (Osc.) -> positive

− Measure voltage UPWM (PCTools, Monitor) -> positive rising



Possible causes Checks, action Overvoltage during build-up • Overvoltage caused by voltage regulator • Field flashing current too high

− Machine voltage UM present − Check system data − Check operating mode. For field flashing

normally Auto is used − Check setpoint − Check thresholds of UM Limiter − Check regulator settings − Check design of the field flashing circuit.

Field flashing should deliver 10 to 15% of the no load excitation current

Machine voltage not stable in no-load operation • Regulator error

− Check operating mode. For field flashing

normally Auto is used − Check setpoints − Check parameters of Auto regulator

• Setpoint error

− Higher, lower inputs unstable − Externally input setpoint unstable

• Control element fault

− Check wiring, loose contact UM, Ie

Parallel operation with grid unstable. Periodic oscillation of reactive and possibly active power • Regulator settings incorrect

Were changes made to the grid configuration? Additional outputs, loads etc. installed? − Yes: re-set regulator − No: check parameters of Auto and PF, Var

regulator



Possible causes Checks, action Irregular instability, i.e. sporadic over- or underexcitation which is not caused by grid • Droop influence of the voltage regulator

ineffective or Iq measurement defective

− Check droop/compensation setting − Check external current transformer circuit

• Machine within inadmissible operating range (normally protected by limiters)

− Bring machine into normal operating range by adjusting the setpoint.

− Check setting of limiters

• Regulator fault

Measure output voltage at terminals 8,9 (oscillos-cope) Measure voltage UPWM (PCTools, Monitor) − Signals in phase opposition: unit defective − Signals in phase: disturbance possibly caused

by the driving side of the machine or by disturbances from the grid

Operating point cannot be adjusted • Setpoint error

− Check operating mode. For field flashing

normally Auto is used − Check setpoint

• Limiter active

− Bring machine into normal operating range by adjusting the setpoint.

− Check setting of limiters

Excitation with compounding and boost circuit: Excitation is only supplied by the series compounding • No control element voltage • Regulator fault

− Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker − Check operating mode. For field flashing

normally Auto is used − Check setpoint − Check parameters of Auto regulator



Possible causes Checks, action External controls faulty • No external control voltage

− Measure control voltage − check wiring

• No internal control voltages Vdig, Vref

− Measure internal control voltages

• Configuration of the digital or analog inputs or outputs is not correct

− Check configuration

6.3 Repair The unit may not be opened. A defective unit should be sent in for repair. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.



7 APPENDIX

7.1 General Data Ordering information Device designation UNITROL 1000 Order number with Synchronization 3BHE005774 R0004 without Synchronization 3BHE005774 R0003 Mechanical data Weight 5 kg Protection class IP20 Dimensions (LxWxH) 245x190x142 mm Climatic stability Temperature range for operation 0 to 60 °C Temperature range for storage -20 to +75 °C Vibration 2 mm f<15 Hz, 0.7 g f>15 Hz Shock 5 g, 11 ms pulse Electrical data Auxiliary supply UAUX: Maximum power consumption 25 W Power electronics supply UPWR: Frequency DC, 40 to 600 Hz Excitation output IM2: - Maximum continuous current 15 A - Current reduction for ambient temperatures >50 °C 1 A /degree - Overload (maximum 10 s) 30 A DC

- Overload (maximum 4 min) 20 A DC

Frequency range of measuring values UM and IM2 10 to 100 Hz Accuracy: Voltage regulation <0.1% Test voltage: Power electronics supply and auxiliary supply against case 2 kV, 1 min Voltage measurement inputs UM, UNET against case 500 V, 1 min Relevant standards, CE conformity EMC directive: 89/336/EEC Generic emission standard EN 50081-2 (IEC 61000-6-4) Generic immunity standard IEC/EN 61000-6-2 Ordering information connection cable PC to UNITROL 1000 Series standard cable (terminals 2 and 3 crossed) DB9 f/f/ 3 m



7.2 Settings record for UNITROL 1000 Name and address of customer: ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Plant: ____________________________________________________

Order no.: ____________________________________________________

Plant schematic no.: ____________________________________________________ Device identification:

Type plate: ____________________________________________________

Delivery date: ____________________________________________________

Software revision: - Control: ____________________________________________________ - Panel: ____________________________________________________ - PCTools: ____________________________________________________ Remarks: Place and date of commissioning: Name: Company:



7.3 Parameter settings, default values

Parameter Abbreviation Standard value

Setting range Set Unit

System Data - Nominal voltage of the machine UMNominal 1.000 0.010 to 32.000 kV - Measuring voltage, three- or single-phase PT three-Phase 1-/3-Phase/3-Ph gnd -- - Potential transformer, primary voltage UMPrimary 1.000 0.010 to 32.000 kV - Pot. transformer, secondary voltage 3-Ph 1-Ph 3-Ph gnd

UMSecondary 110.00 60.00 to 250.00 60.00 to 150.00 60.00 to 150.00

V V V

- Nominal machine current IM2Nominal 500 1 to 32000 A - Current transformer primary current IM2Primary 500 1 to 32000 A - Current transformer secondary current IM2Secondary 1.000 0.500 to 1.500 A - No-load current Ie NoLoad 5.0 0 to 10.0 A - Ceiling factor Kceiling 5.00 1.00 to 100.00 p.u. - Machine reactance Xq 1.5 0.20 to 4.00 p.u.

Field Flashing - reached voltage off level Off Level 0.0 0 to 100.0 %

Soft Start - Starting voltage Start Lvl 0.0 0 to 100.0 % - Delay until ramp Hold Time 0.0 0 to 327.0 s - Ramp time Ramp Time 10.0 0 to 327.0 s

Limiters V/Hz Limiter: - Cut-off frequency fknee 48.0 10.0 to 200.0 Hz - Slope Slope 100.0 0 to 327.0 %/fknee

IeMin Limiter: - Minimum limit Minimum 0.0 0 to 15.0 A - Limiter active Active FALSE FALSE / TRUE --

IeMax Limiter: - 1st limit Maximum 30.0 0 to 30.0 A - Delay time Hold Time 10.0 0 to 327.0 s - 2nd limit Delayed 12.0 0 to 20.0 A - Delay time Hold Time 60.0 0 to 327.0 s - Continuous current Continuous 10.0 0 to 15.0 A - Limiter active Active TRUE FALSE / TRUE --

PQ Limiter: - Q Limiter at P = 0% P at 0% -40.0 -400.0 to -0.5 % - Q Limiter at P = 25% P at 25% -35.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 50% P at 50% -30.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 75% P at 75% -25.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 100% P at 100% -20.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Voltage dependency active Volt.Depend TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- - Limiter active Active TRUE FALSE / TRUE --



Parameter Abbreviation Standard

value Setting range

Set Unit

UM Limiter: - Limiting value minimum machine voltage Minimum 90.0 0 to 150.0 % - Limiting value maximum machine voltage Maximum 110.0 0 to 150.0 % - Limiter low level MinActive TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- - Limiter high level MaxActive TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- Boost: - Minimum machine voltage Threshold 40.0 0 to 100.0 % - Time boost output is active Hold Time 3.0 0 to 32.7 s - Hysteresis Hysteresis 15.0 0 to 100.0 % Synchronization - Minimum slip Minimum Slip 0,00 -1,00 to 0,00 Hz - Maximum slip Maximum Slip -0.40 -1,00 to 0,00 Hz - Maximum voltage difference Max. Delta U 5.00 -10,00 to +10,00 % - Maximum delta angle Max.Delta Angle 10 0 to 72 deg - Total CB closing time Tot.CB Cl. Time 90 0 to 630 ms Range of Setpoints Auto: - Minimum value Minimum 90.0 0 to 150.0 % - Maximum value Maximum 110.0 0 to 150.0 % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.30 0.01 to 100.00 %/s PF: - Minimum value Minimum -0.8500 -0.2500 to +0.2500 -- - Maximum value Maximum +0.8500 -0.2500 to +0.2500 -- - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.0050 0.0001 to 0.1000 /s Var: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 -200.0 to +200.0 % - Maximum value Maximum 100.0 -200.0 to +200.0 % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 1.00 0.02 to 100.00 %/s Manual: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 0 to 5.0 A - Maximum value Maximum 15.0 1.0 to 15.0 A - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.25 0.01 to 10.00 A/s Open Loop: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 0 to 100.0 -- % - Maximum value Maximum 100.0 0 to 100.0 -- % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 1.00 0.01 to 80.00 -- %/s UMaux: - Minimum value Minimum -10 -10 to +10 % - Maximum value Maximum +10 -10 to +10 % Voltage Droop Compensation Control - ID-Nr. Primary Net Primary NetID 1 1 to 31 - ID-Nr. Secondary Net Second. NetID 2 1 to 31 - Ramp Time Ramp Time 10.0 0.1 to 60.0 s




value Setting range

Set Unit

Digital I/Os Hysteresis: - Low Level Low Level 4.0 0 to 28.0 V - High Level High Level 10.0 1.0 to 28.0 V

DIO1: - Input or Output Direction Input Input / Output -- - Signal name Din / Dout None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --




DI5: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --




Assign analog input to digital signal DI9 from +AI1: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --

DI10 from -AI1: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --

DI11 from +AI2: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --

DI12 from –AI2: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --

DI13 from +AI3: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --

DI14 from –AI3: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --




value Setting range

Set Unit

Analog Inputs AI1: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level

Uin0% Uin100%

0.00

+10.00

-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00

V V

AI2: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level

Uin0% Uin100%

0.00

+10.00

-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00

V V

AI3: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level

Uin0% Uin100%

0.00

+10.00

-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00

V V

Analog Outputs AO1: - Signal name Aout None Signal name -- - Output voltage range Ie / PWM Low level High Level

Uout0% Uout100%

0.0

+10.0

-10.0 to +10.0 -10.0 to +10.0

V V

AO2: - Signal name Aout None Signal name -- - Output voltage range Ie / PWM Low level High Level

Uout0% Uout100%

0.0

+10.0

-10.0 to +10.0 -10.0 to +10.0

V V

Ie Range: - Output voltage range Low level High Level

Ie 0% Ie 100%

0.0 15.0

0.0 to 30.0 0.0 to 30.0

A A

Fbias Range: - Offset signal Low level High Level

Fbias 0% Fbias 100%

-3.00 3.00

-3.00 to +3.00 -3.00 to +3.00

Hz Hz




value Setting range

Set Unit

Controller Auto: - Setpoint Setpoint -- Min to Max % - Proportional gain Vp 20 1 to 200 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 1.00 0.01 to 20.00 s - Derivative time constant Tb 0.35 0.01 to 5.00 s - Reactive current influence Kq 0.00 -20.00 to +20.00 % PF / Var / PQ Limiter: - Setpoint PF Setpoint PF -- Min to Max % - Setpoint Var Setpoint Var -- Min to Max % - Proportional gain Vp 10 0.01 to 200.00 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 3.00 0.01 to 20.00 S Manual / Ie Limiter: - Setpoint Setpoint -- Min to Max A - Proportional gain Vp 20 1 to 200 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 1.00 0.01 to 20.00 s Open Loop: Only for commissioning - - - - - Communication ID unit number AVR ID 1 1 to 31 -- Caution Values have to be saved in the unit. • Display: Start menu MAIN, Write EEPROM, OK, OK

• PCTools: - Unit: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Write Parameters to EEPROM - Harddisk: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Save Parameter File

• The saved INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) or by double-clicking on

the filename and the parameters can be directly printed out.



REVISION

Rev. ind.

Page (P) Chapt. (C)

Description (or number of revision)

Date Dept./Init.

Unitrol 1000 User s Manual e3

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Transcript of Unitrol 1000 User s Manual e3