United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps Region 7-1 – Recruit Training Chemistry and Classes of Fire.

United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps

Region 7-1 – Recruit Training

Chemistry and Classes of Fire



Class Objectives

1. Identify the elements of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.

2. Explain the principle of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron as applied to extinguishing a fire.

3. Identify the characteristics of the four classes of fire and the agents used to extinguish them.

4. Identify procedures to prevent fire.

5. Explain the relationship between teamwork and procedures to prevent fire.



The Fire Triangle



The Fire Tetrahedron



General Principles of Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron

X

X Remove any one element –

Extinguish the fire!



Methods of Removal

Remove Oxygen

Fire is smothered through

application of:

• CO2

• Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)



Methods of Removal

Remove Fuel

Prevents additional fuel

from contacting fire:

• Close fuel oil supply lines

• Jettisoning burning aircraft over side of carrier

• Move combustible materials to a safe area



Methods of Removal

Remove Heat

Lower the temperature of

the fire by using:

• Water

• AFFF



Methods of Removal

Interrupt Chemical

Reaction

Interrupt the chemical

reaction by using:

• Halon

• Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP)



Classes of Fire

Class A

Characteristics:

• Involves solid materials (wood, paper, cloth, etc.)

• Leaves ashes or embers

• Identified by white smoke



Classes of FireClass A

Extinguishing Agents:

1. Water

• Most common and available agent

• Extinguishes fire by reducing heat

• Applied as a:– High Velocity Fog– Solid Stream



Classes of FireClass A


1. CO2

• Smothers the fire by displacing Oxygen

• Most effective in small confined spaces

• Does NOT prevent reflash



Classes of Fire

Class B

Characteristics:

• Involves flammable liquids and gasses

– Fuel Oil– Kerosene– Liquid Paint

• Identified by heavy black smoke



Classes of FireClass B


1. AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)

• A solution made of seawater and AFFF concentrate

• Forms a liquid foam blanket and vapor tight seal over a burning liquid

• Smothers the fire by cutting off the oxygen supply

• Prevents reflash



Classes of Fire

Class B


2. Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP) dry foam

• Extinguishes by interrupting the chemical reaction

• Most effective on small fires• Designed for metallurgical

fires• Destroys electrical circuitry• Does NOT prevent reflash



Classes of Fire

Class B


3. Water Fog

• Very effective, but must be applied directly to the area to be cooled

• Straight stream is ineffective for extinguishing Class B fires



Classes of Fire

Class B


4. Halon 1301

• Colorless, odorless gas• Extinguishes fire by

interrupting chemical reaction• Does NOT prevent reflash



Classes of Fire

Class B


5. CO2

• Smothers the fire by displacing Oxygen

• Most effective in small confines spaces

• Does NOT prevent reflash



Classes of Fire

Class B


6. APC (Aqueous Potassium Carbonate)

• Used in the ship’s galley to extinguish burning cooking oil and grease

• A soap like solution• Smothers the fire• Prevents reflash

Picture illustrates what happens when a standard fire extinguisher is used on a grease fire.



Classes of Fire

Class C

Characteristics:

• Involves electrical equipment

• Electrical power should be secured before attacking fire

• Identified by blue smoke, arcs, and sparks.

1 6 ON

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 1 0



Classes of Fire

Class C


1. CO2

2. Water Fog

3. PKP• Use only as a last resort• Will completely damage

electrical equipment because of corrosion



Classes of FireClass D

Characteristics:

• Involves combustible metals and hazardous materials

• Magnesium (aircraft landing gear, wheels, & engine parts)

• Flares• Titanium (aircraft engine parts

and fire walls)• Sodium



Classes of Fire

Class D


1. Jettison

2. Low Velocity Water Fog

• NEVER use a solid stream of water of a Class D fire

• Burning magnesium will break down a solid stream of water into hydrogen and oxygen and cause an explosion!



Fire Prevention

1. Keep working and living area clean.

2. Keep electrical appliances in good working order – and don’t overload outlets.

3. Safeguard all flammable products.



Summary & Review

Fire Triangle

HEAT

OXYGEN

FUEL

Fire Tetrahedron

Chemical Reaction

XX



Burning Wood, Cloth, or Paper

ABurning Fuel, Oil, or Kerosene

BElectrical Fire

Burning Metal or Hazardous Material

CD

Summary & Review



Summary & Review

Extinguishing a CLASS A Fire

WATER CO2



Summary & Review

Extinguishing a CLASS B Fire

• AFFF• PKP• Water• Halon• CO2• APC



Summary & Review

Extinguishing a CLASS C Fire

WATER FOGCO2 PKP



Summary & Review

Extinguishing a CLASS D Fire

JETTISON LOW VELOCITY FOG



Questions?

United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps Region 7-1 – Recruit Training Chemistry and Classes of Fire.

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