Unit8 Section A

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Unit8 Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

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Unit8 Section A. Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning. Background Information. What is cloning ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Unit8 Section A

Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

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Background Information

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There are different types of cloning, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. The three types of cloning technologies are: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning (基因重组克隆技术) , (2) reproductive cloning (再生克隆技术) , and (3) therapeutic cloning (干细胞疗法克隆技术) .

What is cloning ?What is cloning ?

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Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection on Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis( 致残性关节炎)

Sheep DollySheep Dolly

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Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a

tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the

cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells. Since Dolly,

researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. All these clones were created using nuclear

transfer technology (细胞核移植技术) .

What animals have been cloned?What animals have been cloned?

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Dolly Cloned monkeys

First cloned mule

What animals have been cloned? What animals have been cloned? (2)(2)

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I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say BackBack

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DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 ) the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction. 

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I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say BackBack

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Bill Clinton: the 42nd President of the

United States (1993-2001).

上一页

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Judith MartinJudith Martin

Judith Martin born September 13, 1938, better known by the pen name Miss Manners, is an American journalist, author, and etiquette( 礼节) authority.

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Words and Expressions

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implicationimplication n.n.1. He smiled, but the implication was that he didn't

believe me.

他微微一笑 , 但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。

2. The implication of the general manager in the criminal case further complicated the whole situation.

总经理卷入这件刑事诉讼案使整个形势进一步复杂化了。

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fictionfiction Taking Dream of the Red Chamber as a history

book is an important visual angle ( 视角 )in reading fiction.

把《红楼梦》当历史读, 这是读小说的一个重要视角。

《西游记》 Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West 《三国演义》 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Chamber 《 水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; The Story by the Water Margin ; All Men Are Brothers

Chinese four great classics

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prohibit vt. Prohibition(n.)

Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.

在处理易爆物时 , 严格禁止吸烟。

The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs.

大多数夜总会里音乐声很响,没法进行严肃的谈话

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Collocation:prohibit sb. from doing 禁止某人干某事He threw himself in front of the door and

prohibited us from leaving.他挡在门前不让我们离开。the prohibition against smoking禁烟令

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mount vi./vt. (1)mount vi./vt. (1)

Four days after the accident, the death toll continued to mount.

事故发生的四天之后,死亡人数在继续上升。

I really feel sorry for the old lady when I find she can mount the stairs only with difficulty. 当我发现这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难时

感到十分难过。

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resemble vt.resemble vt.

She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.

她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。

intact

Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact.

虽然他遭到一连串的不幸, 但他的信心和乐观丝毫未减

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minor a./n.minor a./n. The important thing is to finish it

quickly; cost is only a relatively minor consideration.

重要的是尽快完成,相对而言,费用是次要考虑的事。n. a person who is below the age at which he or she becomes an adult legally 未成年人

In Britain you are a minor until you are eighteen.

在英国,你不满十八岁就是未成年人。

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fatal (adj)fatal (adj)..

Global warming is fatal to the world and therefore scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.

全球变暖对于世界的影响是灾难性的,因此科学家们不断呼吁我们要警惕日益严重的全球变暖的危险。

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deliberate adeliberate a../vi./vt./vi./vt.

He is the very witness who testifies under oath( 发誓证明 )that the fire which had broken out in the company was deliberate.

他就是那个证人,他发誓证明公司发生的火灾是有人蓄意放的。The senate has been deliberating the question for three days.

三天来参议院一直在仔细斟酌这个问题。

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collocationscollocations

deliberate on 认真考虑,研讨

They met to deliberate on possible solutions to the problem.

他们开会仔细研讨解决问题的办法。

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classify vt.classify vt.

The books in the library are classified by/according to subject.

Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?

你认为她的小说属于“严肃文学”类,还是“纯娱乐”类?

图书馆里的书籍是按题材分类的。

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请把辞典放在我够得着的地方。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

Put the dictionary within my reach.

在伸手能及的范围以内,近的;方便到达 within (one’s) reach

BackBack

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他宁愿选择一个能够达到的目标,也不愿选择一个雄心勃勃但无法达到的目标。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

he would choose a goal within his reach rather than choose an ambitious goal beyond his reach.

4. 在伸手能及的范围以内,近的;方便到达 within (one’s) reach (L. 5)

BackBack

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这几位青年人把那个乏味的戏着实演得生动活泼。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

The dull play really came to life through the performance of these young people.

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to come to life 活跃起来,表现生动

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Now you try

上小学的时候,他还是个安静的孩子,只是上了大学之后他才活跃起来。

At school he was a very quiet boy; it was only after he went to college that he came to life.

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in the wake of (L. 6) 随着,紧跟着

人类社会不得不遭受一个接一个的随着生态破坏而来的灾难。

Human societies have to suffer one disaster after another that follows in the wake of the ecological damage.

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Now you tryNow you try

The president submitted resignation in the wake of a scandal.

总统在丑闻曝光后提出辞职。

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一见倾心是不明智的。其一,你们彼此不甚了解;其二,这样的爱情很难长久。

It is unwise to love at first sight. In the first place you know little about each other and in the second it is hard for such love to last long.

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in the first place 首先;起初;其一

BackBack

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fall into fall into 可分成;属于可分成;属于

物以类聚,人以群分。

Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into a group.

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堡垒最容易从内部瓦解。

The fortress is most liable to break apart from within.

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to break apart (L. 27) 分裂瓦解

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你追求幸福的计划理论上不错,但我不知道实际上是否行得通。

Your plan for seeking happiness sounds fine in theory, but I don’t know if it’ll work in practice.

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in theory (L. 27) 在理论上

BackBack

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他沉溺于网恋就等于荒废了学业。

His indulgence in online love affairs is identical to neglecting his studies.

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to be identical to / with 与 ······ 一模一样;就等于

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and so forth /onand so forth /on

He is keen on all kinds of alcohol—wine, beer, whisky, and so forth.

他喜欢所有的酒 ---葡萄酒、啤酒、威士忌等等。

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不要过早地介入爱情游戏。要是你失恋了怎么办?Don’t get involved in love games too early. What if you suffer from failure in love?

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要是 ······ 怎么办 / 怎么样?

What if…? (L. 43)

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失败是成功之母。考虑到这一点,他开始重新审视这次试验的失败。Failure is the mother of success. With this in mind, he began to take a new look at the failure in this experiment.

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出于 ······ 目的 ; 考虑到某事

with sth. in mind (L. 46)

BackBack

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她试图通过改变话题来回避这个棘手的问题。She is trying to get round this tricky problem by changing the subject.

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克服 ; 回避 to get around / round

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Now you tryNow you try

The administration got around this problem by introducing a new law.

为了解决这个问题,政府出了一项新的法令。

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refer torefer to The scientists referred to the discovery

as the most exciting new development in this field.

In his speech, he referred to his recent trip to London.

在他的讲话中,他提到他最近的伦敦之旅。

科学家把这一发现称为这一领域里最令人激动的进展。

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under the nameunder the name of of 用别名用别名

Samuel Langhorne Clemens wrote under the name of Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens 以笔名马克 .吐温从事写作

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他就这个问题苦苦思考了好几个钟头,但还是摸不着头脑。

He puzzled over the problem for hours, without making head or tail of it.

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努力思考 to puzzle over

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Analysis of the Text

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With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning.

Main idea ?

Devices for developing it ?

IIII. . Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing ItDeveloping It

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Part I (Para. 1)

Part II

Part III

Part IV

Induction ( 归纳法 ) (Para. 1)

Specific statements: S.1-5 of Para. 1

Conclusion: S. 6 of Para. 1For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

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This part is about the world’s strong

and immediate responses in the

wake of the announcement.

Main idea ?

Devices for developing it ?

IIII. . Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing ItDeveloping It

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Part II (Paras. 2-3)

Part I

Part III

Part IV

For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

Exemplification ( 举例法 ) Para. 2

Comparison ( 比较法 ) Para. 3For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

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This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.

Main idea ?

Devices for developing it ?

IIII. . Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing ItDeveloping It

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Part III (Paras. 4-18)

Part I

Part II

Part IV

Classification ( 分类法 ):Comparison ( 比较法 ): Argumentation ( 议论法 ):

For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

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This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.

Main idea ?

Devices for developing it ?

IIII. . Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing ItDeveloping It

Part IV (Para. 19)

Part I

Part II

Part III

Reiteration (重申法)

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Language Points

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III. III. Expressions & Patterns

A. Compatible Expressions

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1. 关于 ······ 的消息 word that…/of… (L. 1)

关于他性丑闻的消息在街上传得很快。

Word of his sexual scandal has been spread fast on the streets.

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III. III. Expressions & Patterns BackBack

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2. 成功地做了某事 to succeed in doing sth. (L. 2)

如果他们成功地达成了停火协议,联合国将派驻维和部队。If they succeed in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in peace-keeping forces.

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中国经济发展的成功经验适用于大多数发展中国家。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

China’s successful experience in economical development may work for most of the developing countries.

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3. 适用于;为 ······工作 to work for (L. 4)

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她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲稿。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

She was busy drafting her speech for next month’s speech contest.

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7.为 ······ 起草指导方针 to draft guidelines for… (L. 6)

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他考虑任何事情都从金钱的角度出发。

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

He thinks of everything in terms of money.

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13. 从 ······ 方面(来说); 根据;按照 in terms of (L. 36)

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III. III. Expressions & Patterns

Since the electric bulb was brought into the world, mankind has been freed from his dependence on oil lamp or candle for light at night.

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15. 生产;生(孩子) to bring sth. / sb. into the world (L. 45)

自从发明了电灯泡,人类在夜间的照明已摆脱了对油灯或蜡烛的依赖。

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活学活用活学活用

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

由于我们的共同努力 ,最终找到了解决这个问题的有效方法。

Our joint efforts finally gave birth to an effective solution to the problem.

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18. 生 (孩子 ) ;产(仔 ) to give birth to sb. / sth. (L. 55)

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那些不顾客观条件而自行其是的人很难成功。

Those who, regardless of objective conditions, act as they think fit are less likely to succeed.

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不顾,不管 regardless of (L. 59)

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活学活用活学活用

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

老师清晰的解释使学生对那个抽象的理论没有任何迷惑。 The teacher’s explicit explanation left the students no confusion over that abstract theory.

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20. 留下难题,迷惑 to leave confusion over (L. 61)

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III. III. Expressions & Patterns

他从不在乎别人怎么看他。

He has never been concerned about what others think of him.

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21. 担心,担忧 to be concerned about / over (L. 67)

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III. III. Expressions & Patterns

在一些人眼里,爱情就像是个迷宫,充满了诱惑和陷阱。In the eyes of some people, love is comparable to a maze, full of lures and traps.

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22. 可与 ······相比;类似于 to be comparable / similar to (L. 68)

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活学活用活学活用

III. III. Expressions & Patterns

我一直搞不懂为什么一些人可以不劳而获。

I keep wondering about why some people can reap without sowing.

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24. 对 ······ 好奇;想知道;对 ······疑惑 to wonder about (L. 71)

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Collocation VI 1. duties 2. emotions 3. Interest 4. experience 5. responsibility 6. Love 7. characteristics 8. memories 9. information 10. belief VII 1. transposition 2. transatlantic 3 transmigrants 4

transformed 5 transnational 6 transoceanic 7 transshipped 8 transported

VIII 1. Nonexistent 2 non-stop 3 non-art 4 non-college

5 non-productive 6 non-profit 7 non-fiction 8 non-violent

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IX1. What if I say no2. What if they don’t know3. What if we can’t finish it on time4. What if this happens to us someday5. What if he has lied to us

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X 1. The Bosian peace talks are continuing in Geneva

today with the new proposals at the top of agenda. 2. All of Southern Africa is suffering from a severe

drought with Mozambique and Zimbabwe among the worse-hit countries.

3. The Europe Summit in Paris is drawing to an end with the US in danger of being completely isolated.

4.With the King in prison, the chief commander came to power and ruled the country.

5. With stability itself under threat, the reforms deserve all the support they can get.

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Translation Translation XIXI 1. It sounds like a good idea, but what if it’s a trick? 2. Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the

earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.

3. He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.

4. For Mary’s sake, I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.

5. In theory it’s feasible to clone a child to harvest organs, but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.

6. He published an article under the name of Braver which stesses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.

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X 1. 你说你不会把时间浪费在约会上, 但如果遇到

吸引你的男子,你会怎么办呢? 2. 为了帮助艾滋病患者,需要有新的措施,地方、

非政府机构、政府和国际组织之间要建立密切的合作关系。

3. 上周,该国际组织传出消息说,他们正密切关注该地区的情况。

4. 在导致数百人死亡的污染事件发生之后,政府开始起草环境保护指导方针。

5. 正如这篇文章的作者所警告的,克隆人类可能是一件使人更加悲伤而非更加高兴的事。

6. 在一些西方国家,有些父母准备克隆孩子,目的是进行非致命器官的移植。