unit4 learning about language
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A time machine
Big Bang a solid globe
atmosphere water
It became very v______iolent
In time it produced some gases.
Reptiles Dinosaurs
Mammals
They produced young by l______ eggs.aying
They __________ young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
gave birth to
Dinosaurs e_____ on the earth for more than 140 million years.
xisted
One hundred and forty million years before humans ______,dinosaurs ruled the earth. At that time they had few natural enemies. So they developed quickly. They ____________ young by _____ eggs. Until now no one knows the exact reason why the dinosaurs were unable to ______ themselves _____ disappearing altogether. They died out _______. Maybe as some scientists guess, that the earth’s weather became hot and dry ____________ the dinosaurs’ life.
existed
gave birth to
laying
prevent from
in time
was harmful to
Fill in the blanks using some of the words on the blackboard.
1. What he discovered has not yet been
proved.
The subject ClauseThe subject Clause
3.It is an important topic for research why
the earth is becoming warmer.
2. Whether other astronomers accept his idea
remains a question.
真正的主语形式主语
主语从句 subject clause
Par3.
4.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
5.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …
7.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
Par4.6.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
Par5.
Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.
1.(_____ is needed for success) is your hard work.
3.(_____ we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet.
2.(______ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.
4.(______ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.
5.(________ it will rain or not) is not clear.
7.(______ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.
What
When/How
Where/whether
Who
Whether
That
6. (____ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.Why
主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:
.
It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.
Subject Clause
Subject
Formed Subject
Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.
Real
引导主语从句在句首只能用 whether,
有 it 作形式主语的 whether/if 都可以 .Conclusion:
if
If ×
the earth is a solid globeThat is known to us all.
It is known to us all that the earth is a solid ball.
Use “it” to rewrite two sentences.
How life began on the earth has been learned in the text.
It has been learned in the text how life began on the earth.
Conclusion:
That 在主语从句中不能省略 .
1. 用 what / whether / that/ if/where / how / when /why / who / how much / etc. 来连接主语从句 .
Summary:Subject Clause
4. 引导主语从句在句首只能用 whether,有 it 作形式主语的 whether/if 都可以 .
5.That 在主语从句中不能省略 .
2. 有时为了使句子结构平衡 , 避免 “头重脚轻” , 常用 it 作形式主语 , 而把从句放在后面 .
pour …into
is harmful to our home .
What is harmful to our home ?
That the factory pours waste water into rivers
problemsproblems
destroyed the balance of nature .
That people cut down too many trees
cut down
What destroyed the balance of nature ?
problemsproblems
pollutes our home .
That people throw rubbish everywhere
throw… everywhere
What pollutes our home ?
problemsproblems
makes animals endangered.
____ people kill too many Antelope for money
kill… for money
What makes the Antelope endangered?ProblemsProblems
That
______makes Antelope
endangered is that people kill too many Antelope.
What
that 与 what
what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 , 而 that 则不作句子成分 .Conclusion:
What makes the birds endangered?
makes birds endangered.give off
2.That_________________________________________smoke
3.It is reported that…
factory
1.What makes birds
endangered is that ___________________
problemsproblems
Step 2. suggestionStep 2. suggestion
A:I suggest/ believe that … should (not)…
C: What … suggests/ believes is that …
B:What does he suggest?
DiscussionDiscussion
What should we do to protect our home?What should we do to protect our home?
What I want to say is that __________.It is obvious that ______________.That ____________ pollutes our earth.Why I say so is that ___________.How we can protect it is _________.What we should do first is that _______. Whether our earth can be protected depends on ______________________.
1. Turn the report into a composition using the words and phrases we learned today and Subject clause.
2. Mother always comes back home in time to prepare dinner.
at last, finally
1. If you keep on, you will succeed in time.
not late
The water from the factory ___________________is harmful to the river.
Your smoking is harmful to your child’s health.
is harmful to
动词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意义
lie lay lain lying 躺,位于
lie lied lied lying 撒谎
lay laid laid laying 搁,放,下蛋
The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that
___ there just now had___ two eggs the day
before.
A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain
C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid
D