Unit Three 3.1 Drive Line

ContentsPre-questionsII. Text ExplanationIII. Exercises

How many main units does the drive line assembly consist of? What are theyThe drive line assembly consists of six main units.They are clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

How does the drive line work?The drive line carries power from the engine crankshaft to the driving wheels, so the wheels rotate and the automobile moves.Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-1 Drive Line1-clutch; 2-transmission; 3-universal joint; 4-final drive; 5-differential; 6-drive shaft

II. Text ExplanationThe typical drive line comprises clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels.

II. Text ExplanationWhen you lift the clutch pedal, springs force the pressure plate and clutch plate against the flywheel.

II. Text ExplanationA manual transmission requires a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft.

II. Text ExplanationWhen the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion.

II. Text ExplanationThe drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less, but of a large diameter so that they are strong .

III. Exercisesmanual transmissionreverse idler gearsgear ratiosdrive shaftclutch plate differentialuniversal jointcoil springpressure platesynchronizerI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of the drive line according to the picture.1 engine ; 2 transmission; 3 drive shaft; 4 driving wheel;5clutch; 6 universal joint; 7final drive

III. ExercisesIII. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. The (differential ) system is part of the rear-axle-housing (assembly ), which includes the differential, (rear axles ), wheel and (bearings).If the automobile were to be driven in a (straight ) line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the automobile rounds a turn, the (outer ) wheel must travel farther than the (inner ) wheel. The differential (permits) the two rear wheels to rotate (different ) amounts when the automobile goes around a turn, while still (delivering ) power to both rear wheels.

III. ExercisesIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Although there are many types of clutch, the dry single plate type of traction clutch is used almost exclusively in passenger cars.2. The pressure on driven disk fitted onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springs installed between the housing and pressure driving disks.3. The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the dive shaft to the transmission output shaft and the differential pinion gear shaft.

1.2.3.

V. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 2. 3.

1.It will have a strong impact when the spinning engine connects the stationary transmission.2.The clutch is a device which is designed to connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission.3. There is not clutch when the automobile equip automatic transmission.

Specialized English for Automobile


Unit Three3.2 Clutch

What will you do when you move the car

What will you do when you change gears?Start the carRelease parking brakeand the clutch pedal and push down gasFirst gearNeutral positionDepress the clutch pedalsecond gearRelease the clutch pedalclutchDepress the clutch pedalFirst gear

Where is the clutch in the automobile?Diagram of car showing clutch location A-engineB-clutch C-clutch pedalD-manual transmissionPre-questions

What is the function of the clutch?

Connect or disconnect the power from the engine to the drive line.

Pre-questions

How many main parts does the clutch consist of?driving membersdriven memberscontrol mechanismspressing mechanismsPre-questions

II. Text ExplanationIn a car, you need a clutch because the engine spins all the time, but the car's wheels do not.

spin [spin] vt. & vi.

II. Text ExplanationIn order to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow.

somehow killing the engine

Somehow We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.Somehow we lost our way.

II. Text ExplanationThe clutchshown in Fig. 3-2 allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.

slippage [slipid] n.3-2

Fig. 3-2 Clutch1-pressure plate; 2-driven disk; 3-flywheel; 4-clutch cover

II. Text ExplanationMost cars equipped with a manual transmission use a single clutch disc, a diaphragm type springa pressure plate and clutch cover assembly, a clutch release bearing, and a clutch release fork.

single clutch disc diaphragm type spring pressure plate clutch cover release bearing release fork

driven disk

Pressure plate and covercoverpressure plateflywheel

release levers and release yokerelease leversrelease yoke

II. Text ExplanationThe clutch has a clutch disc as its major part, and the clutch disc consists of a circular metal plate attached to a reinforced splined hub.

circular [s:kjul]adj., ; reinforce [ri:n,f:s]vt.; splined hub attached to a reinforced splined hub metal plate

II. Text ExplanationThe splined hub is free to slide lengthwise along the splines of the transmission input shaft.

lengthwise [lewaiz] adv.,

II. Text ExplanationIn its operating position in the engine/transmission linkup, the clutch disc is sandwiched between the engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate.

sandwich [snwid] n. vt.12

sandwich To make a ham sandwich you put a slice of ham between two slices of bread., He was sandwiched between two very fat women on the bus.

II. Text ExplanationThe clutch fork and linkage provide the means of converting the up-and-down movement of the clutch pedal to the back-and-forth movement of the clutch release bearing assembly.

means [mi:nz]n.,

meansScientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.

diaphragm-spring typecoil-pressure-spring type

III. Exercisesclutch release forkdrive traindriving axlespressure platediaphragm typesplined hubcoil springdiaphragm release fingersfriction disksengagement and disengagementI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture.1-friction disk2-spring 3-splined hub 4-driven disk5-pressure plate

6- locating studs7-diaphragm spring8-fulcrum ring9-clutch cover

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The clutch release mechanism can be operated either (mechanically) or (hydraulically). The mechanically operated release mechanism consists of a (pedal ), a (return spring ), a shaft with lever, a rod, a release yoke (lever ), a release yoke, a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring.

When the clutch pedal is (depressed ), the rod and shaft with yoke shift the release bearing and support (assembly ). The release bearing presses the inner ends of the release levers, the pressure (driven) is moved away from the (plate) disk and the clutch is disengaged. To (engage) the clutch, the pedal is released, the release bearing and support assembly is shifted back by the return spring thus releasing the releasing levers so that the pressure plate is forced by its springs towards the flywheel to clamp the driven disk and engage the clutch.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The clutch is a device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of engine and transmission.2. Every vehicle has an engine which provides the starting power, but the engine develops little power or torque at low rpm, and must gain speed before it moves a vehicle.3. If the rapidly rotating engine was suddenly connected to the driveline of a stationary vehicle, the engagement would not be soft.

1.2.3.

1. Power output by the clutch is mainly driven by the formation of tangency between one or more drive components connected to the engine crankshaft and others connected to the power input shaft.2. The spring evenly distributed between the circumference of the pressure plate clamps the clutch disc between the flywheel and pressure plate.3. All automotive clutches are very similar in construction, only different in the details of the pressure-plate assemblies and the separation.



Unit Three3.3 Manual Transmission

What does the manual transmission consist of?The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

Whats the function of the gear shift mechanism?The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears, setting them neutral and engaging the reverse speed. Pre-questions

Where is the transmission located in the car? What does it act as? The transmission is located in the middle of the engine and driving wheels. It acts as changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig. 3-3 Manual Transmission1-shift mechanism; 2- shift forks; 3-input shaft; 4-output shaft; 5-counter shaft

II. Text ExplanationA transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle.

II. Text ExplanationTwo types of transmission are the manual and the automatic .

II. Text ExplanationThe manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism .

II. Text ExplanationThe input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim .

II. Text ExplanationThe gear shift mechanism consists of a lever, shift rails, shift forks, retainers, locks and a reverse speed safety device.

III. Exercisesparking or coastingneutral positiontractive resistancecounter shaftreverse gearsplined portion of the shaftin the bore of the crankshaftreverse speed safety deviceshift leverspherical bulbI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture.1-input shaft; 2-sleeve; 3-output shaft; 4-reverse shaft; 5-idler shaft; 6-gear

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.As we know, an engine can (generate ) only limited torque at low speeds. Driving condition is very complicated and this requires the (tractive) effort and speed vary in a large scope. And without sufficient (torque), moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible. In any engine, the crankshaft always rotates in the same (direction ). If the engine (transmits) its power directly to the drive axles, the wheels could be (driven ) only in one direction.

Given a level road, an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by (accelerating) the engine and (engaging) the clutch. However, a start under these conditions would be slow, (noisy ) and uncomfortable. In addition, it would place a (tremendous) strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any forward gear at any time, but some, such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear ratio. Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission.Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse gear, although manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as eight gears.

1.2.3.

V. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 2. 3.

1. The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting. 2. The idler shaft gear and the driving gear are in constant mesh.3. The gear shift mechanism completes the conversion among forward, neutral and reverse position to change gearing.



Unit Three3.4 Automatic Transmission

How many main units is the automatic transmission divided into? What are they ?The automatic transmission is divided into five main units.They are planetary gear sets, the hydraulic system, seals and gaskets, the torque converter, the governor and the modulator or throttle cable.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

Whats the function of planetary gear sets ?The planetary gear sets provides overdrive, reverse, forward reduction, neutral, and direct drive. Pre-questions

Whats the function of seals and gaskets in automatic transmission ? Seals and gaskets are used to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and prevent it from leaking out.Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-4 Planetary Gear System1- planet gear; 2- sun gear; 3- ring gear; 4-planetary carrier

II. Text ExplanationAutomatic transmission is easy to manipulate in a crowded vehicle, they can greatly improve traffic safety and reliability.

II. Text ExplanationThe basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear, a ring gear and two or more planet gears, all remaining in constant mesh .

II. Text ExplanationThe torque converter can change the twisting motion of the engine crankshaft .

II. Text ExplanationThe hydraulic system is a complex maze of passages and tubes that sends transmission fluid under pressure to all parts of the transmission and torque converter .

II. Text ExplanationSeals and gaskets to control the flow of hydraulic fluid and to keep it from leaking out .

III. Exercisesone-way clutch throttle valve torque converterplanetary gear pump wheelfuel-efficienttop gearhydraulic control circuit clutch packplanetary gear setI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of planetary gear system according to the picture.1- planetary carrier; 2- sun gear; 3- planet gear; 4- ring gear

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The key difference between a (manual ) and an (automatic ) transmission is that the manual transmission locks and unlocks different sets of gears to the (output ) shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of the different gear ratios.

There are two basic types of automatic transmissions based on whether the vehicle is (rear ) wheel drive or (front ) wheel drive.On a rear wheel drive car, the transmission is usually (mounted ) to the back of the engine. A drive shaft connects the rear of the transmission to the (final drive ) which is located in the rear (axle) and is used to send (power ) to the rear wheels.On a front wheel drive car, the transmission is usually combined with the final drive to form what is called a (transaxle). Front axles are connected directly to the transaxle and provide power to the front wheels.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.An automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually.Most automatic transmissions have a set selection of possible gear ranges, often with a parking pawl feature that will lock the output shaft of the transmission.Some machines with limited speed ranges or fixed engine speeds, such as some forklift trucks and lawn mowers, only use a torque converter to provide a variable gearing of the engine to the wheels.

1.2.3.

1. The automatic transmission consists of hydraulic torque converter, planetary gear sets and hydraulic control sets.2. Located in front of the turbine, the locking clutch of the hydraulic torque converter consists of locking piston, shock absorbers and turbine drive plate.3. Single planetary gear set provides different transmission forms by riveting different components or changing interlocking relationship.



Unit Three3.5 Final Drive

Whats the function of the final drive ?The final drive is the main component in the transmission line to reduce speed and increase the torque. In the mean time it can change the direction of torque when the motor is longitudinal.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

How does the final drive work ?The final drive depends on the gear wheel with less number of teeth driving the other one with more teeth to achieve the retardment. And the use of conical gear also can change the direction of torque . Pre-questions

How many types does the final drive have? What are they ? According to the number of sub-gear pairs which take part in the retardment, the final drive can be divided into single-stage and two-stage type.According to the number of sub-files of the transmission ratio, the final drive can be divided into single speed and two-speed type.According to the sub-structure of reduction gear pairs, the final drive can be divided into the cylindrical gear type, the bevel gear type , the hypoid gear type and so on. Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-5 Final Drive1-half axle gear; 2-planetary gears; 3-differential housing; 4-ring gear; 5-pinion

II. Text ExplanationIt depends on the gear wheel with less number of teeth driving the other one with more teeth to achieve retardment.

II. Text ExplanationIn order to meet different requirements of the application, the structures of final drive are different.

II. Text ExplanationApart from some medium and heavy vehicles which require of large transmission ratio using two-stage main reducer, the general micro-, light and some medium ones usually adopt the single-stage main reducer.

II. Text ExplanationIn two-stage main reducer, if the second-class gears are in the vicinity of the wheel, the two wheels are in naturetwo independent parts known as the wheel reducer.

II. Text ExplanationWhen the drive gear axis moves downward, the location of transmission shaft can be reduced, which helps to low the vehicle body and the vehicles center of gravity, improving the vehicle stability.

III. Exercisesmain reducersingle-stage main reducerplanetary gearscylindrical gear dual-stage main reducerwheel reducertransmission ratioauxiliary transmissioncenter of gravityvehicle stabilityI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of final drive according to the picture.1- ring gear; 2- half axle gear; 3- half axle; 4- planetary gears; 5- drive shaft

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The final drive is used to (transfer) the engine power from the (drive shaft ) to the rear (wheels ). In addition to transferring power, it must cause the power to make a 90 (turn ) between the drive shaft and wheels, and provide the (correct ) axle ratio. There is no choice of final drive ratios that gives the best performance at all (speeds ). The gear ratio is (proportional) to ratio of the gear diameters and (nversely) proportional to the ratio of gear speeds. The gear teeth of (driven ) gear are more than the (driving) gear. There are many types of gear shape, but the type of the driving and the driven must be consistent.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Driven bevel gear is fixed on the differential shell while the differential shell is fixed on the main reducer shell by two tapered roller bearings.2. These two bearings installed in the holes of the main reducer bearing shell and was level axial positioned.3. The gear ratio is the relationship between the number of teeth on two gears that are meshed or two sprockets connected with a common roller chain, or the circumferences of two pulleys connected with a drive belt.

1.2.3.

1. According to the number of sub-files of the transmission ratio, the final drive can be divided into single speed and two-speed type.2. At present, in order to meet the needs of matching the entire transmission system, the wheel reducer is a additional gearing mechanism which can reduce speed and increase torque. 3. The final drive depends on the gear wheel with less number of teeth driving the other one with more teeth to achieve reducing speed, and the use of conical gear also can change the direction of torque.



Unit Three3.6 Universal Drive

How many main units does the universal drive consist of? What are they?The universal drive consists of the universal joints, drive shaft and support.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

How many types does the universal joint have? The universal joint can be divided into rigid and flexible joint. Rigid joint can be divided into non-constant-velocity joint (commonly used for cross-axis), quasi-constant-velocity joint (such as double-type universal joint) and constant-velocity joint (such as Ball Basket drive).Pre-questions

Whats the function of the universal joint? The universal joint is an angulating mechanical power transmission for the need to change the direction of shaft line position. Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-6 Universal Drive1 - universal joints; 2 drive shaft; 3 - the former drive shaft; 4 - support

II. Text ExplanationIn the automotive transmission and other systems, in order to achieve a number of axes intersection, or relative position of constantly changing between the power transmission shafts, universal drive must be used .

II. Text ExplanationUniversal drive normally consists of the universal joints, drive shaft and support .

II. Text ExplanationUniversal joints are angulating mechanical power transmission for the need to change the direction of shaft line position .

II. Text ExplanationThe drive shaft has to withstand the torsional stresses of the transmitting torque, and yet it must be light and well balanced so that vibration and whip will not occur at high speeds .

II. Text ExplanationAn intermediate supporting structure is in fact of a bearing support and cushion installed in the body (or frame), for supporting one end of shaft .

III. Exercisesrigid joints flexible joints non-constant-velocity joints quasi-constant-velocity joints double-type universal joints the bisector surface sliding splineintermediate supporting structure rubber cushion bearing support/I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

II. Identify the English names of cross-axis universal drive according to the picture.1- sleeve; 2- cross-axis; 3- shaft fork; 4- retainer ring5- bearing outer ring; 6- sleeve fork

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.Drive shaft is a (mechanical ) component for transmitting (torque) and (rotation), usually used to connect other components of a drive train that can not be connected (directly ) because of distance or the need to allow for (relative ) movement between them.Drive shafts are carriers of torque: they are subject to torsion and (shear ) stress, equivalent to the (difference ) between the input torque and the load. They must therefore be strong enough to (bear ) the stress, whilst (avoiding ) too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their (inertia).

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Since all roads are not perfectly smooth, and the transmission is fixed, the drive shaft has to be flexible to absorb the shocks of bumps in the road. Universal, or U-joints allow the drive shaft to flex when the drive angle changes.2. The drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less, but of a large diameter so that they are strong.3. This joint must be flexible enough to transmit the torque constantly when the rear axle is moving up and down.

1. U2.3.

V. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. As the joints in human limbs, niversal joints allow the angle to change in a certain range between the parts to be connected.2. In a front-wheel-drive automobile, there are two constant-velocity joints in each half axle.3.The cross-axis rigid joints advantage is simpleness of structure and high efficiency of transmission. But it can not transmit constant-angular-velocity rotation when the angle between the shaft is not zero.



Unit Three3.7 Running Gear

What does the running gear of the modern automobile consist of ?The running gear of the modern automobile consists of the frame, the wheels and tires, and the equipment that holds them together.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

Whats the function of the running gear?The function of the running gear is to support the vehicle weight, keep wheels in firm contact with the road and to provide a comfortable ride for the passengers. Pre-questions

How many types of the springs are there? What are they? There are four types of the springs. They are leaf springs, coil springs, air springs, and torsion bars. Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig. 3-7 Running Gear1-front wheel; 2- frame; 3- suspension; 4-rear wheel; 5-rear axle; 6-front axle

II. Text ExplanationThe running gear of the modern automobile consists of the frame, the wheels and tires, and the equipment that holds them together.

II. Text ExplanationThe frame is a load carrying beam structure consisting of two side rails, and several cross members.

II. Text ExplanationSuspension system has two basic functions, to keep car's wheels in firm contact with the road and to provide a comfortable ride for the passengers.

II. Text ExplanationThe differential is an important assembly to let each road wheel turn at its own speed when it is necessary.

II. Text ExplanationThe tires and wheels must support the vehicle weight firstly. The tires are also required to change the vehicle direction while the vehicle is in motion. ,

III. Exercisesfuel tankfootboardcross memberheavy-duty vehicleside railrunning gearleaf springfront bumperfendertorsion barsI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of wheel according to the picture.1-retainer; 2-wheel rim; 3- wheel disk; 4-air valve

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The primary purpose of the (suspension) system is to (support ) the weight of the automobile. Additional requirements placed upon the suspension system include: the ability to (stabilize ) the automobile when traveling over normal (terrain ) as well as over rough ground; being capable of absorbing or (cushioning) the chassis from road shocks while (simultaneously ) allowing the driver/operator to steer; (maintain) the proper axle spacing. Any attempts to (overload ) or exceed the (maximum) suspension load rating will (damage) not only the suspension system itself but also the automobiles frame, axles, and tires.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Most suspensions use springs to absorb impacts and dampers (or shock absorbers) to control spring motions.2. Traditional springs and dampers are referred to as passive suspensions. If the suspension is externally controlled then it is a semi-active or active suspension.3. In a front engine, rear-drive vehicle, dependent rear suspension is either "live axle" or deDion axle, depending on whether or not the differential is carried on the axle.

1.2.3.

1. Air spring consists of a cylindrical chamber of air.2.The suspension system consists of the axles, control and support arms, shock absorbers and springs.3.The frame transmits the power through the suspension system and axles to the wheels.



Unit Three3.8 Steering System

What does the steering system consist of ?The steering system consists of a steering wheel, a steering shaft, a steering column, a steering gear housing with side and lower covers, a globoid worm, a pitman shaft with a triple roller and bearings and a pitman shaft adjusting screw.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

What are the classifications of steering system ?There are two types of the steering system. They are manual steering system and power steering system. Pre-questions

How does the rack-and-pinion steering gear work? The pinion gear is attached to the steering shaft. When you turn the steering wheel, the gear spins, moving the rack. The tie rod at each end of the rack connect to the steering arm on the spindle. Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-8 Steering System1-steering wheel; 2-steering shaft; 3-steering knuckle; 4-steerable wheel; 5-steerable knuckle arm; 6-tie rod; 7-steering gear; 8-steering damper

II. Text ExplanationFig. 3-9 Steering Gear1-worm gear; 2-ball nut; 3-ball guide; 4-balls; 5-rack; 6-pitman shaft; 7-sector gear

II. Text ExplanationThe direction of the automobile under way is changed by turning the front wheels with the aid of the steering system.

II. Text ExplanationThe rotation of the steering wheel is imparted to the levers and rods of the linkage by which the steerable wheels are turned.

II. Text ExplanationThe steering column with the steering wheel is installed in the drivers cab.

II. Text ExplanationThe steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion of linkage.

II. Text ExplanationSome automobiles are equipped with a hydraulic power steering system intended to decrease the efforts spend by the driver to turn the wheels and to damp the road jolts transmitted to steering wheel.

III. Exercisesrecirculating-ball steering gear SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle) linear motion rotational motion power steering steering columnsteerable wheel steering linkage knuckle armhydraulic power steering systemTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesIdentify the English names of steering system according to the picture.1- steering tie rod; 2- soldering cup; 3- ball cup; 4- rack;5- housing

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.Power steering is a system for (reducing ) the steering effort on cars by using an (external ) power source to assist in (turning ) the wheels. Power steering was (invented) in the 1920s by Francis W. Davis and George Jessup in Waltham, Massachusetts. Chrysler Corporation introduced the first commercially (available ) power steering system on the 1951 Chrysler Imperial under the name Hydraguide. Most new vehicles now have power steering, although in the 1970s and 1980s it was the (exception ) rather than the rule, at least on European cars. The (trend) to front wheel drive, greater vehicle mass and (wider ) tires means that modern vehicles would be extremely difficult to (manoeuvre ) at low speeds (e.g. when parking) without (assistance).

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The manual steering system incorporates: steering wheel and column, a manual gearbox and pitman arm or a rack and pinion assembly, linkages, steering knuckles and ball joints, the wheel spindle assemblies.2. In pitman arm system, the movement inside the steering box causes the pitman shaft and arm to rotate, applying leverage to the relay rod, which passes the movement to the tie rods.3. Power steering systems add a hydraulic pump, fluid reservoir, hoses, and either a power assist unit mounted on, or integral with a steering gear assembly.

1. 2.3.

V. Translate the following sentences into English.1.2.3.

1. The rack protrudes from both sides and connects to the rods.2. Some automobiles have variable-ratio steering.3.The recirculating balls are filled between the nut and the worm instead of the worm directly engaging.



Unit Three3.9 Braking System

What are the main components of a disc brake?The main components of a disc brake are the brake pads, the caliper and the rotor.Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions

What are the classifications of brakes?There are two types of the brakes. They are disc brakes and drum brakes. Pre-questions

Whats the function of the braking system? The function of the braking system is to bring the moving motor vehicle to rest or slow down in a shortest possible time. Pre-questions

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-10 Disk Brake1brake slippers; 2brake caliper block; 3brake disk; 4brake clamp guiding pin; 5piston

II. Text ExplanationFig.3-11 Drum Brake1trailing shoe2brake cylinder3brake drum4returning spring5brake lining6leading shoe7eccentric anchor pin

II. Text ExplanationIn order to bring the moving motor vehicle to rest or slow down in a shortest possible time, the energy of motion possessed by the vehicle must be converted into some other form of energy.

II. Text ExplanationThe brakes provided by the manufacturers should be effective, safe in operation, progressive and consistent in response to brake pedal as well as reasonably easy to adjust.

II. Text ExplanationPractically most modern cars have disc brakes on both front wheels and rear wheels.

II. Text ExplanationIn the disc brake, the brake pads squeeze the rotor instead of the wheel, and the force is transmitted hydraulically instead of the cable.

II. Text ExplanationWhen brake pedal is pushed by the driver, brake fluid is forced into the brake cylinder by the action at the master cylinder, and the two pistons are forced outward.

III. Exercisesanti-lock brake system lock up wheel cylinder master cylinder brake fluid brake band disc brake heat energy brake booster warning lightTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesIdentify the English names of disc brake according to the picture.1-brake caliper block; 2-filler opening; 3-piston; 4-wheel axle; 5-brake disk; 6-brake slipper

III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The purpose of an (electronic ) antilock, or (antiskid ) braking system (ABS) is to (prevent) wheel (lockup ) under heavy braking conditions on virtually any type of road surface. It has been used on (aircraft ) for years, and some domestic cars were offered with an early form of antilock braking in the late 1960s and 1970s. Modern antilock systems may be the greatest advance in vehicle (safety) since the seatbelt. The most (efficient) braking takes place when the wheels are still revolving. If the driver (slams ) on the brakes and the wheels lock, the following occur:i. Driving (stability ) is lost, and the vehicle skids.ii. The vehicle cannot be steered.iii. The braking distance increases.iv. The risk of an (accident) increases.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The most efficient braking pressure takes place just before each wheel will lock up.2. ABS wheel speed sensors are installed at each wheel, and they transmit wheel and tire speed information to the computer.3. Rear-wheel ABS is designed to maintain directional stability and prevent the vehicle from skidding sideways in emergencies.

1.2.3.

V. Translate the following sentences into English.1.2.3.

1.The most common type of disc brake on modem cars is the single-piston floating caliper.2.Drum brakes are less expensive to manufacture, and they easily incorporate the emergency brake mechanism.3.The function of the braking system is to make the moving vehicle stop in a shortest possible time.



Unit 4.1 Charging System

Pre-questionsWhat is the Charging System comprised of?

Pre-questionsWhat is the battery comprised of?

II. Text ExplanationWords and Phrasesalternator [:lt(:)neit] n. electrochemical [ilektrukemikl] adj. , ammeter [mit] n. voltmeter [vultmi:t] n.intensity [intensiti] n. diode [daiud] n.headlight [hedlait] n. rug [r] n.

II. Text Explanationeliminate [ilimineit] vt.remanufacture [ri: mnjufkt] n. charging system chemical energy alternating current voltage gauge over-charging alternator drive belt starting a fire vehicle manufacturer's guidelines

II. Text ExplanationIt does this by converting the electrical energy supplied to it into chemical energy so that when an electrical current is required the energy change is reversed.

convert into

II. Text ExplanationThe charging indicator device most commonly used is a simple on/off warning lamp.

II. Text ExplanationIt is necessary to control the maximum voltage and current output developed by the alternator.

If you're replacing an alternator yourself, always disconnect the battery before unhooking the wiring on the alternator.

Too much tension can overload the alternator's bearings and shorten the unit's life, while too little tension may allow the belt to slip.

III. Exercises1. charging system 2. chemical energy 3. alternating current 4. voltage gauge 5. over-charging6. alternator drive belt7. starting a fire 8. warning lamp9. direct current10. charging indicatorI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.A quick way to check the charging system is to start the car and turn on the headlights. If the headlights are dim, it indicates the lights are running off the battery and that little or no juice is being produced by the alternator. If the lights get brighter as you rev the engine, it means the alternator is producing some current but may not be producing enough at idle to keep the battery properly charged. If the lights have normal brightness and don't change intensity as the engine is revved, your charging system is functioning normally.

III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1Sometimes alternators can partially fail. In the back of every alternator is a diode trio that converts the alternators AC (alternating current) output to DC (direct current).2It is necessary to control the maximum voltage and current output developed by the alternator.3Most service facilities do not repair or rebuild alternators because it's too time consuming and requires special parts.

V. Translate the following sentences into English.123

III. Exercises1The charging indicator device most commonly used is a simple on/off warning lamp. The main parts of the charging system include, the battery, the alternator; the voltage regulator, which is usually integral to the alternator; a charge warning, or indicator light; and wiring that completes the circuits. 2The battery provides the electrical energy for many systems and parts. 3The voltage regulator prevents over-charging.



Unit 4.2 Starting System

Pre-questionsWhat is the Engine Starting System comprised of?

Pre-questionsWhat is the Starter motor comprised of?

II. Text ExplanationWords and Phrases1.inconvenient [7inkEn5vi:njEnt] adj. , 2.wrist [rist] n. , 3.typical [5tipikEl] adj. , 4.cable [5keibl] n. , , , 5.resistance [ri5zistEns] n. , , , , , 6.circuit [5sE:kit] n. , , , 7.actual [5AktjuEl] adj. , , , 8.solenoid [5sEulinCid] n. []

II. Text Explanation9.relay [5ri:lei] n. vt. (, ), , 10.electromagnetic[IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk] adj.11.coil [kCil] v. , 12.armature [5B:mEtjuE] n. , () 13.plunger[5plQndVE] n. (), , 14.overload [5EuvE5lEud] vt. , n., 15.horsepower [5hC:s7pauE] n.

II. Text Explanation16.electromagnetic field 17.starting system 18.starter motor 19.magnetic switch 20.contact point 21.solenoid-actuated

II. Text ExplanationThe starting system is a necessity for internal-combustion engines, because the Otto cycle requires the pistons already to be in motion before the ignition phase of the cycle.

Because of the high amounts of current, heavy cable must be used to energize the heavy-current circuits.

II. Text Explanation3Safety switches or interlock devices are used with all automatic transmissions and on many late-model cars with manual transmissions.

An automotive starter motor has many conductors and uses a lot of current to create enough rotational force to crank the engine.

II. Text ExplanationThe motor housing encloses the armature and pole pieces, holds the bearings that support the armature shaft, and provides the terminals for connecting the motor to the rest of the starting system.

III. Exercisesstarting system in motionstarting motorelectrical circuit starting safety switch starting solenoid in gear interaction of magnetic fields contact pointsolenoid-actuatedI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. Exercises1starting switch; 2contact point; 3contact plate; 4magnetic coil; 5starting breaker II. Identify the English names of the starting system according to the picture.

III. ExercisesIII.Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.battery alternator electrochemical current service ignition electrical storage rechargingThe automotive battery , also known as a lead-acid rechargingbattery, is an electrochemical device that produces voltage and delivers current. In an automotive battery we can reverse the electrochemical action, thereby storage the battery, which will then give us many years of ignition electrical . The purpose of the battery is to supply current to the starter motor, provide current to the service system while cranking, to supply additional current when the demand is higher than the ignition can supply and to act as an storage reservoir.

III. ExercisesIV. Translate the following sentences into English.

1The starting system is a type of electrical circuit that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. 2The typical starting system has five components: battery, starting switch, starting safety switch, battery cables, starting solenoid or switch and starter motor.

III. Exercises

3This means that the engine must be started in motion by an outside force before it can power itself.



Unit 4.3 Ignition System Basic

Pre-questionsWhat is the Ignition System comprised of?

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Pre-questionsWhat is the Spark Plug comprised of?

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II. Text ExplanationWords and Phrases1. electrode [I5lektrEJd] n. 2. gap [^Ap] n. ,, , 3. primary [5praimEri] adj. , , ,4. wire [5waiE] n. , 5. spark [spB:k] n. 6. sensor [5sensE] n. 7. terminal [5tE:minl] n. , ,

II. Text Explanation8.pulse [pQls] n. , 9.distribute [dis5tribju(:)t] vt. , , , v.10.collapse [kE5lAps] n., , vi., , 11.electromagnet [i5lektru5mnit] n. 12. winding [5waindiN] n. , , ,

II. Text Explanation13.ignition system 14.electric arc 15.spark plug 16.center electrode 17.primary winding 18.ignition coil 19.distributor cap

II. Text ExplanationNot all engine types need an ignition system - for example, a diesel engine relies on compression-ignition, that is, the rise in temperature that accompanies the rise in pressure within the cylinder is sufficient to ignite the fuel spontaneously.

II. Text ExplanationThe primary circuit is the low-voltage side of the system and controls the secondary circuit, which is the high-voltage side of the system.

The battery is the heart of the total electrical system

II. Text ExplanationHeavily insulated wire that feeds high voltage from the ignition coil to distributor cap.

The distributor cap and rotor receive the high-voltage surge from the secondary coil windings through a high-tension wire.

III. Exercisesignition system electric arc spark plug primary winding center electrode ignition coil distributor cap the secondary circuit ignition switchhigh-tension wirecenter and ground electrodesI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. Exercises1-hex nut; 2-spark plug body; 3-gasket; 4-center electrode; 5-ground electrode; 6-resistance; 7-spline; 8-terminal; 9-ceramic insulatorII. Identify the English names of the spark plug according to the picture.

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III. ExercisesIII.Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. primary point retarding cylinders rotor camshaft body arm ignition firingA distributor is a device in the (ignition ) system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order. It consists of a rotating (rotor ) or (arm ) inside the distributor cap, on top of the distributor shaft, but insulated from it and the (body ) of the vehicle (ground). The distributor shaft is driven by a gear on the camshaft ).

III. Exercises

The ignition distributor has several functions. It opens and closes the (primary ) ignition circuit. It distributes the high tension current to the respective (cylinders ) of the engine. It also has a mechanism that controls the (firing ) at which the breaker points open, thereby advancing or (retarding ) the spark in accordance with engine requirements.

III. ExercisesIV. Translate the following sentences into English.1The ignition system is divided into two circuits: the primary and the secondary. 2 It provides for the timely burning of the fuel mixture within the engine.

III. Exercises3The spark plug provides the gap in the combustion chamber across which the high-tension electrical spark jumps to ignite the combustion charge.



Unit 4.3 Ignition System Basic

Pre-questionsWhat is the Ignition System comprised of?

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Pre-questionsWhat is the Spark Plug comprised of?

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II. Text ExplanationWords and Phrases1. electrode [I5lektrEJd] n. 2. gap [^Ap] n. ,, , 3. primary [5praimEri] adj. , , ,4. wire [5waiE] n. , 5. spark [spB:k] n. 6. sensor [5sensE] n. 7. terminal [5tE:minl] n. , ,

II. Text Explanation8.pulse [pQls] n. , 9.distribute [dis5tribju(:)t] vt. , , , v.10.collapse [kE5lAps] n., , vi., , 11.electromagnet [i5lektru5mnit] n. 12. winding [5waindiN] n. , , ,

II. Text Explanation13.ignition system 14.electric arc 15.spark plug 16.center electrode 17.primary winding 18.ignition coil 19.distributor cap

II. Text ExplanationNot all engine types need an ignition system - for example, a diesel engine relies on compression-ignition, that is, the rise in temperature that accompanies the rise in pressure within the cylinder is sufficient to ignite the fuel spontaneously.

II. Text ExplanationThe primary circuit is the low-voltage side of the system and controls the secondary circuit, which is the high-voltage side of the system.

The battery is the heart of the total electrical system

II. Text ExplanationHeavily insulated wire that feeds high voltage from the ignition coil to distributor cap.

The distributor cap and rotor receive the high-voltage surge from the secondary coil windings through a high-tension wire.

III. Exercisesignition system electric arc spark plug primary winding center electrode ignition coil distributor cap the secondary circuit ignition switchhigh-tension wirecenter and ground electrodesI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. Exercises1-hex nut; 2-spark plug body; 3-gasket; 4-center electrode; 5-ground electrode; 6-resistance; 7-spline; 8-terminal; 9-ceramic insulatorII. Identify the English names of the spark plug according to the picture.

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III. ExercisesIII.Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. primary point retarding cylinders rotor camshaft body arm ignition firingA distributor is a device in the (ignition ) system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order. It consists of a rotating (rotor ) or (arm ) inside the distributor cap, on top of the distributor shaft, but insulated from it and the (body ) of the vehicle (ground). The distributor shaft is driven by a gear on the camshaft ).

III. Exercises

The ignition distributor has several functions. It opens and closes the (primary ) ignition circuit. It distributes the high tension current to the respective (cylinders ) of the engine. It also has a mechanism that controls the (firing ) at which the breaker points open, thereby advancing or (retarding ) the spark in accordance with engine requirements.

III. ExercisesIV. Translate the following sentences into English.1The ignition system is divided into two circuits: the primary and the secondary. 2 It provides for the timely burning of the fuel mixture within the engine.

III. Exercises3The spark plug provides the gap in the combustion chamber across which the high-tension electrical spark jumps to ignite the combustion charge.



Unit 4.5 Air Bag System

Pre-questionsWhat is the Air Bag System comprised of?

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Pre-questionsWhy are more and more cars equipped with air bags?How does the air bag system work?

II. Text ExplanationWords and Phrases1. frontal [5frntl] n. 2. cushion [5kuFEn] n. , , 3. inflate [in5fleit] vt. , , (), vi. , 4. supplement [5spliment] v. ;n. ,; 5. moderate [5mdrit] n. ; v. ,; ,6. occupant [5kjupnt] n . ,8. protrude [pr5tru:d] vt. , 9. fraction [5frkn] n. ,,10. fold [fuld] v. ,;

II. Text Explanation11. differentiate [,dif5renieit] v. ,; 12. deploy [di5pli] v. , 13. warrant [5wrnt] v. ; n. , ; , 14. inadvertently [5nd5v:tntli] adj. , 15. buffer [5bQfE] n. 16. restraint [ris5treint] n. , , 17. deceleration [di:7selE5reiFEn] n. 18. cartridge [5kB:tridV] n. 19. lap [lAp] n.(), ,

II. Text Explanation20. supplemental restraint system 21. front-end collision 22. crash sensors 23. safety sensors 24. indicator lamp 25. under normal driving conditions 26. air bag 27. ignition key 28. spiral cable 29. in the event of 30. as a result , 31. fail to do 32. as expect

II. Text Explanation Air bags supplement the protection provided by safety belts by protecting the head and chest in moderate to severe front-end collisions.

Driver deaths in frontal crashes are about 20 percent lower with air bags than in similar cars without them.20%

II. Text ExplanationWhen electrical current flows through the igniter, it produces heat, which ignites the generant material within the inflator.

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If the car is involved in a frontal crash equivalent to running into a stationary barrier at least 10-12 mph, the sudden deceleration (impact) causes the sensor to activate a gas cartridge that instantly inflates the air bag preventing the occupants from contacting the inside of the car.10-12

If an air bag should inflate by error under normal driving conditions, it could cause an accident.

III. Exercises1. supplemental restraint system 2. front-end collision 3. crash sensors 4. safety sensors 5. cause an accident 6. under normal driving conditions 7. air bags 8. ignition key 9. spiral cable10. stationary barrier I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.

III. ExercisesII. Identify the English names of air bag system according to the picture.

1-Air bag ; 2-ignitor; 3-cash sensor; 4-gas cartridge

III. ExercisesIII. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.

firmly belt components excessive injury supplemental Airbags inertia accidents

III. Exercises

Vehicle supplemental restraint systems are designed to protect occupants during accidents. Namely, in case of a head-on collision, they pull the seat belt tighter around the upper part of the body and press it (firmly ) against the seats backrest. These prevent (excessive) forward displacement of the body caused by mass (inertia ) and protect the occupants against (injury ). The (components) are necessary for system operation. They are (Airbags), Crash Sensors, Spring Cable and ECU, etc.

III. Exercises IV. Translate the following sentences into English.1Supplemental restraint system protects the occupants If a vehicle collides with a solid object.2.The air system performs main functions:detects an impact, provides a ground to the air bags for deployment and monitors system readiness.



Unit 5Automobile Sales and After Service

5.1 Greetings The unit aims to enable students to :Greet customersKeep a conversation goingFind out needs of customersDiscussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue 1A: Welcome to our shop. Can I help you?B: Yes. Can you tell me where the car?A: Sure, Ill show you.

Dialogue 2A: Good afternoon, madam. Are you being helped?B: No, Im just looking.A: Ok, then. Please tell me if you need any help.

Dialogue 3A: Good morning , sir! Can I help you?B: No, thanks. I can look by myself.A: Please take your time.

Dialogue 4A: Feel free to ask any questions, please.B: Ok, I will. Thanks.A: Youre welcome

Words and Phraseswelcome [welkm] adj. , help [help] vt. show [u] vt. ...

NotesWelcome to our shop. Good morning. I can look by myself. Please take your time. Feel free to ask any questions, please. Youre welcome.

Related Links:Can I help you?May I help you?What can I do for you?Can I help you find anything ?Are you being helped?Is anyone helping you?Do you need a hand finding something?Have you been taken care of ?

5.2 Introduction of New Model The unit aims to enable students to :Describe different cars;Keep a conversation going with customers; andLearn some useful words and expressionsDiscussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue 1A: May I recommend one car for you, sir?B: Yes, I want to buy a car for my son. Could you introduce one for me?A: No problem. How do you like this one, Land Rover Discovery 3? Its a best seller.B: Oh, it looks nice.A: Yes. I bet youll like it more after my introduction. Its Power Steering with Alloy Wheels, Cruise Control, 4 Wheel Drive.B: Very good. Could you tell me more about the specification of this model?A: Sure. As you can see its of sports utility body style with Green exterior, 4.0 Liter V6 engine.B: I think my son will like it. Whats the price?A:890,000.00B: Its two expensive. Any discount?A: Yes. You can get 10 percent discount.B: Good. Ill take it.

Dialogue 2A: Let me show you one car. Please follow me, sir.B: Ok!A: What do you think about our new model 2008 Toyota Voiz?B: Oh, it looks good. But Id like to know something about its feature.A: Its auto transmission and front engine front drive. Let me tell you more specification. The engine, 1.6 liter L4. The price is 10,970.00. I think its quite a good car.B: Yes, I think so. But Id like to look around and make a decision after seeing some other models.A: Sure.

Dialogue 3A: Are you interested in our new model? Would you like to know more about it?B: Yes, I would. But does it have auto transmission and Anti-lock Brakes?A: Yes, of course. And also with the other safety features such as four air bags, Electronic Differential System, front bumper etc. .B: Perfect, I love it. I think Ill take this one.A: thank you.

Dialogue 4A: Miss lee, whats your favorite? What about this one?B: Its beautiful. Whats the model?A: Its our new model Suzuki Swift. It sells well.B: Would you tell me more about its feature?A: OK. The engine, 1.3 liter L4. There are many colors for its exterior .White, black, pink ,brown and so on. B: Pink? Wonderful! I think it fits me very much. Ill take it.A: Thank you.

Words and Phrases1. recommend [rek'mend] vt. 2. introduce [intr'dju:s] vt. 3. bet [bet] vt. 4. introduction [intr'dkn] n. 5. steer [sti] vt. 6. alloy ['li] n. 7. cruise [kru:z] n. ()

Words and Phrases8. dirve [drav] vt. 9. specification [spesifi'kein] n. 10. utility [ju:'tiliti] n. 11. exterior [eks'tiri] n. 12. feature ['fi:t] n. 13. transmission [trnz'min] n. 14. decision [di'sin] n.

Notesrecommend something for somebody best seller Whats the price? ?You can get 10 percent discount. 5%9.5What do you think about look around /make a decision Would you like to know more about it? Anti-lock Brakes four air bags Electronic Differential System front bumper

Related Links?How about this one?What do you think of this one?How do you like this one?

5.3 Negotiation of Price The unit aims to enable students to :Learn to talk about ways of negotiating the price;Keep a conversation going with customers; andLearn some useful words and expressionsDiscussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue 1A: Whats the price for this new model 550?B: its 189,800 Yuan.A: Oh, its a bit expensive for me. Id like it very much. Can you give me a discount?B: Well, this is the newest model and very popular. I think its worth the price.A: Ok, Ill take it.

Dialogue 2A: its nice .Whats the price?B: 138.800 Yuan.A: Can you come down a little bit? I cant afford it.B: Ok, 130,000 Yuan. This is the best price I can offer you.A: Ok, Ill take it.

Dialogue 3A: We can offer a 15% discount for orders over 15 000 pieces.B: 15 000? Im not sure we can use that many. A: you could save a lot of money.B: Ok, Ill see what I can do.

Dialogue 4A: Please give me a better price.B: Ill make a special price for you if you would order a little more.A: How could we do that?B: We offer a discount for large orders.A: I see. I order 10 000 pieces. How much?B: Well, I will give you 15 percent off. Thats 85,000 Yuan.

Words and Phrases1. discount ['diskaunt] n. 2. worth [w:] adj. .........3. afford ['f:d] vt. ()4. offer ['f] vt. 5. piece [pi:s] n. [][]6. save [seiv] vt.

NotesCan you give me a discount? its worth the price. come down a little bit This is the best price I can offer you. large orders

Related Links?Could I have a lower price?Can you give me a better price?Could you come down a little bit?Could I have it cheaper?Can you reduce the price?

Related LinksSorry, Im afraid not.Sorry, I cant.Sorry, Im afraid I cant.

Related Links?How much do you want to spend?What price do you have in mind?How much do you like to pay?

Related LinksDo you have a membership card?Do you have a VIP card?Do you have a discount card?

5.4 Terms of Payment The unit aims to enable students to :Get to know and talk about payment; Keep a conversation going with customers; andLearn some useful words and expressionsDiscussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue 1A: How would you like to pay?B: Well, do you accept credit cards or I should pay in cash?A: Yes, either is OK. And you can pay by installment. The first installment should be paid now. its 40,000 Yuan. Then you should pay 475 Yuan on monthly in 20 months.B: Oh, thats very good. I cant pay so much money one time. Now Ill pay the first installment by credit cards.A: Thank you Please sign here. B: OK.A: Here is your receipt and credit card slip.

Dialogue 2A: Let discuss the terms of payment.B: Yes. But is it OK I pay by Bankers Transfer?A: Sorry, Im afraid not. We accept payments in cash or by credit card only.B: Oh, I dont think I have enough cash with me and I have no credit card.A: We have installment payment that can help you. The down payment is 1/4 of the price.B: Thats great. Ill pay the down payment now.A: Ok. The down payment is 100,000 Yuan. B: Here is the money.A: Thank you. Here is your receipt.

Dialogue 3A: It comes up to 140,000 Yuan,.B: Do you accept credit cards?A: Sorry, Im afraid not. There is something wrong with the machine. Would you pay by cash?B: Oh, I dont think I have enough cash with me. Where is the bank nearby?A: Yes. You will see one on the left out of the door. So close.B: Thank you B: Here is the money.A: Thank you. Here is your receipt.

Dialogue 4A: How do you like to pay?B: Ive one proposal to make on the mode of payment?A: Whats it?B: Our business is concluded by way of L/C. Frankly speaking, a letter of credit will raise the costs of my goods. I heard you would accept different kinds of payments ?A: Thats true. But we cant do it. Payment by L/C is our usual practice of doing business.B: Would you consider another way of payment? Otherwise I would probably stop the business.A: OK. Ill think about that and talk to you later.

Words and Phrases1. credit ['kredit] n. 2. cash [k] n. 3. installment [in'st:lmnt] n. 4. sign [sain] vt. 5. receipt [ri'si:t] n. 6. term [t:m] n.

Words and Phrases7. payment ['peimnt] n. 8. proposal [pr'puzl] n. 9. conclude [kn'klu:d] vi. vt. 10. frankly ['frkli] adv. 11. practice ['prktis] n.

NotesHow would you like to pay? credit cards pay in cash pay by installment Please sign here Let discuss the terms of payment . Bankers Transfer

NotesThe down payment is 1/4 of the price 1/4comes up to by way of L/C Frankly speaking raise the costs of different kinds of payments

Related LinksAltogether yuan, please.It/ Thats yuan in all.The total (price)is yuan.It/ That amounts to yuan.It/ That comes up to yuan.They add up to yuan.

Related Links We accept/ take cash. We accept/ take credit card. We accept/ take foreign currency. accept/ take US dollars.

9.5 Appointment The unit aims to enable students to :Be more confident when answering the phone; Improve their ability to make a good impression on the phone;Learn some useful words and expressions to use when answering the phone.Discussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue A: Good morning. This is maintenance reception, Teng Da Automobile company. What can I do for you?B: Yes, this is Mr. Tang. Id like to make an appointment to repair my car this week.A: Well, lets see. Im afraid it is fully booked on Monday and TuesdayB: How about Thursday?A: Sorry, but I have to say that it is fully booked on Thursday too. So, will Wednesday be O.K. for you, Mr. Tang?B: I have to work on Wednesday. By the way, is it available on Saturday?.A: Saturday. Let me have a check. Oh, great. It will be available on Saturday afternoon this week.B: Thats fine. Thank you, Ill come then.

Words and Phrases1. maintenance ['meintinns] n. 2. reception [ri'sepn] n. 3. appointment ['pintmnt] n. 4. available ['veilbl] adj. 5. check [tek] vt.

NotesWhat can I do for you? make an appointment lets see. it is fully booked. How about By the way have a check

Related LinksId like to make an appointment to repair my car. Could I make an appointment to repair my car this week? sometime this week Either on Wednesday or Thursday.Would it be possible to repair my car tomorrow? ?

5.6 Maintenance Reception The unit aims to enable students to :Develop their ability to talk about the wrongs of cars ; Improve ability to make a good conversation with customers;Learn some useful words and expressions.Discussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

DialogueRepairman: Nice to you, Mr. Tang. Im in charge of repairing your car.Customer: Nice to you.Repairman: whats the matter with your car?Customer: I think something must be wrong with the engine because there is always a noise when I drive the car.Repairman: Oh, the piston is worn out by use.Repairman: Im so sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience and I have to replace it. Let me have a look at your warranty certificate?Customer: Here it is.To be continued

DialogueCustomer: Here it is.Repairman: Well, your warranty is expired. We have to charge for the parts.Customer: Thats all right, Were dying for the normal work condition at any expense.

Several minutes later, the repairman replaced the wrong unit.Repairman: its ok, you can drive the engine.Customer: OK. Thats very great, there is no noise. Thank you very much.Repairman: Its my pleasure.

Words and Phrases1. piston ['pistn] n. 2. inconvenience [inkn'vi:njns] n. 3. replace [ri(:)'pleis] vt. (by, with) 4. warranty ['wrnti] n. ()()5. certificate [s'tifikit] n. ()6. expire [iks'pai,eks-] vi. []7. unit ['ju:nt] n. ()()

NotesNice to you. in charge of , , whats the matter with worn out , , , warranty certificate charge for at any expense Its my pleasure.

Related LinksWhats up?It is due to damage on land.Would you please first of all state the facts.We are really distressed to learn that it has caused you so much inconvenience.We assure you of our best service at all times.

Related LinksMay it will take a bit longer time.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you.Anyway, well look into it and check how to make it good.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so .But in this case, they have failed to live up to their high demand.

5.7 Users' Feedback The unit aims to enable students to :Develop their ability to make a good impression to customers;Improve ability to make a good conversation with customers;Learn some useful words and expressions.Discussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue Salesman: Hello, this is Teng Da Automobile Company. Im calling to know whether everything has gone well with your cars engine.Customer: Thanks a lot. It works excellently after being repaired.Salesman: Im very happy to hear you say so and I do hope the minor problem didnt cause you much inconvenience.Customer: Thank you very much for your good service. Im sure your company will be making more money.Salesman: It is always our policy to give reliable and satisfactory services to our clients. Lets find out what you like by doing a market research and it will give us an indication.Customer: OK, I feel the opening time of your company is too short that I have to repair my car at weekend.

Dialogue Salesman: Its a good suggestion. Ill report to the manager right now!Customer: I recommend the opening time is from 8:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Salesman: Thank you for your warm-hearted reply. I believe well do the best in the future.Customer: Its just my own opinion, Id like you to think it over.Salesman: Well go into it further, and let you know what decision we reach.Customer: I shall be glad to hear from you.Salesman: Thank you very much, bye-bye!Customer: See you later.

Words and Phrases1. excellently ['ekslntli] adv. 2. minor ['main] adj. 3. policy ['plisi] n. 4. reliable [ri'laibl] adj. 5. satisfactory [stis'fktri] adj. (to)6. indication [indi'kein] n. 7. suggestion [s'destn] n. 8. reply [ri'plai] n. 9. opinion ['pinjn] n. ,

Notesmarket research warm-hearted think it over go into it further See you later. Lets find out what the customer likes by doing a market research.

Related LinksHow did you find that last lot of damper? Now whats the problem with the latest lot exactly? Business hasnt been very brisk in our line recently. I think Id better make a detailed investigation. One reason is, that the market has been sluggish. Another reason is too many suppliers.

Related LinksHow do you account for that? No demand or over-stock? Without any doubt, appearance comes before price. Please write your name, address and phone number in the form. Itll give us an idea at least and we will do some adapting based on research.

9.8 Reply for Customers' Complaints The unit aims to enable students to :Develop skills to make and deal with complaints; Learn how to keep a customer happy;Learn some useful words and expressions.Discussing, listening, reading, presenting and role-playing by the students;Explanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research and practice by the students.

Dialogue Manager: Hello, This is Sales Department, Teng Da Automobile Company.Customer: Im afraid I have to make a complain with your corporation. Its a most unpleasant incident.Manager: Oh, what is it about? Im so sorry to hear that.Customer: Yes, I ordered Wiper Washes the other day. I received and after I examined them one by one, I found that there must be something wrong with the Wiper Wash because the one cant work. Thats why I want to see the manager.Manager: I am sure every thing is all right with that shipment. You see I know youre our regular customer and it is the first time for me to meet with such an inconvenient thing.

Dialogue Customer: I want to return them.Manager: Without sufficient evidence to support, your claim is untenable. If we were at fault, we should be very glad to compensate for your loss.Customer: Whats your opinion?Manager: Im terribly sorry about that. You can send it to us. Well test it. If its definite our fault, Well compensate for your loss.Customer: OK. I hope to hear form you as soon as possible.

Several days later, the manager calls the customer back.Manager: Hello, This is Sales Department, Teng Da Automobile Company.Customer: Hello.

Dialogue Manager: Im so sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience. There is something wrong with the Wiper Wash that you sent to us. I think its evidently broken through careless handling. What do you demand from us for compensation?Customer: I think that your company should pay damages to me. How about 1000 Yuan?Manager: To be fair to you, I am directed by our managing director to settle this issue with you amicably.Customer: I am so glad to hear of your ready agreement.Manager: Well compensate for you as soon as possible. Thanks ever so much for your co-operation. Good-bye.Customer: Bye-bye.

Words and Phrases1. complain [km'plein] n. 2. corporation [k:p'rein] n. 3. unpleasant [n'pleznt] adj. 4. incident ['insidnt] n. 5. inconvenient [inkn'vi:njnt] adj. ()6. claim [kleim] n.

Words and Phrases7. untenable ['n'tenbl] adj. ()8. compensate ['kmpnseit] vt. 9. evidently [kleim] n. 10. settle ['setl] vt. 11. issue ['isju:] n. 12. amicably [`mkbl] adv.

Notesmake a complain Wiper Wash the other day something wrong ,be sure regular customer meet with meet, compensate for your loss pay damages co-operation

Related LinksIm sure you it wont happen again. I must apologize. It may be the new receptionist. We would again ask you for your mercy in this instance. We again apologize for causing you much inconvenience. We will do our best not to repeat such a failure in future.

Related LinksIm afraid I have got a complaint about the quality. Whats the problem? Im sorry to say this design is not so satisfactory. Its really the most difficult transaction Ive ever done. Were not at all satisfied with the quality of these goods.

Related LinksI hope its nothing serious. Well make a thorough investigation. Have you had similar complains from other users? It is a mistake. No doubt about that.

10 Frequently-Seen English Identifier of Imported Vehicles

10.1 Marks of Vehicle Model The unit aims to enable students to :Know about the marks of vehicle modelExplanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research by the students.

Homemade Series

Euramerican Series

Asian Series

10.2 Vehicle Identification Number(VIN) (VIN)The unit aims to enable students to :know about the VINlearn how to use the VINDiscussing, listening, reading by the studentsExplanation and demonstration by the teachers;After-class research by the students.

V I N A VIN number, or Vehicle Identification Number, is a unique "fingerprint" assigned to a vehicle to allow it to be identified. All vehicles currently made in quantities over 500 are required to have a VIN number assigned to them. VIN numbers have taken a variety of shapes over the years. In early cars a VIN was simply a serial number, recording what sequential number a vehicle was in the production run. The identification number was inconsistent and overlapped across manufacturers. This caused endless confusion when people wanted to identify a particular car.

V I N Then manufacturers started encoding other information into the VIN, such as manufacturer code, year, even model number. This made it easier for people to associate vehicles to a unique identifier. The VIN became a more important tool to both manufacturers and owners. But still unfortunately the system was flawed. Since no one oversaw how VIN numbers were created and assigned there was still a great chance that there would be overlap between manufacturers. It also prevented anyone from looking at a vehicle identification number solely and be able to positively identify a car just by that number.

V I N Modern-day Vehicle Identification Number systems are based on two related standards, originally issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1979 and 1980; ISO 3779 and ISO 3780, respectively. Compatible but somewhat different implementations of these ISO standards have been adopted by the European Union and the United States of America. This standardization of VIN numbers meant that a unique series of digits could finally be assigned to only one vehicle, without the possibility of overlap. The 17-character VIN was born. Everyone from parts manufacturers to law enforcement use VIN numbers

V I N to trace, track, and positively identify vehicles. Each modern vehicle has the VIN number printed in several places on the vehicle, including on the frame. This allows identification even in the case of severe damage from accident or fire. It's a good idea to be aware of your VIN number. It's not necessary to keep it secret, as every car has it clearly printed on it in plain sight. But it's a good idea to have this number handy (such as on a copy of your registration) in case of theft or catastrophic damage.

Words and Phrases1. vehicle ['vi:ikl] n. 2. identification [aidentifi'kein] n. 3. unique [ju:'ni:k] n. ,4. fingerprint ['fprnt] n. 5. assign ['sain] vt. , , 6. currently ['krntl] adv. 7. variety [v'raiti] n. 8. sequential [si'kwinl] adj. [][]9. inconsistent [inkn'sistnt] adj. (with)

Words and Phrases10. overlap ['uv'lp] vt. ...[...][]11.confusion [kn'fju:n] n. 12. encode [in'kud] vt. [][]13. associate ['suieit] vt. 14. flaw [fl:] n. 15. oversee ['uv'si:] vt. 16. solely ['su(l)li] adv. 17. positively ['pzitivli] adv. 18. compatible [km'ptbl] adj. ... with

Words and Phrases19. implementation [implimen'tein] n. 20. digit ['didit] n. 21. enforcement [in'f:smnt] n. 22. frame [freim] n. 23. plain [plein] adj. 24. handy ['hndi] adj. 25. registration [redis'trein] n. ,26. catastrophic [,kt`strfk] adj.


Unit Six Practical Conversation

6.1 Receiving CustomersA customer wants to buy a new car. The conversation between a customer and a salesman can be used to introduce some terms of sale and reception to students.

Vocabulary and Terminology1. calm and steady His tone sounds calm and steady2. spacious [speis] adj. The interior of the car was very spacious.3. stereo system Your stereo system must be of the best quality.

4. bass [beis] n. The bass in his car was turned up very high.5. tone [tun] n. His tone is rather unfriendly.6. graceful [reisful] adj. She runs up the stairs with a light graceful step.

7. engine performance After a long time a cars engine performance will decline.8. fuel consumption The average fuel consumption for this car is 10 kilometers per liter.109. six cylinder Today many cars have six cylinder engines.

10. preferential [,prefrenl] adj. This hotel gives preferential treatment to people who stay in it regularly.11. name card In business, it is common to give people your name card.

DialogueSalesman: Good morning, sir! Welcome. What can I do for you?Customer:I am looking for a new car that just came out on the market called the MAX.Salesman:It is a very nice car and has a very good reputation.Customer:May I look at it? Salesman:Of course. The car is over there. This way, please. Customer:Wow! What a nice body! It is very smooth. It has a calm and steady look.Salesman:Would you like to look at the interior?

Customer:Oh! What a beautiful interior! It is very spacious and comfortable.Salesman:Are you satisfied with this car? Customer:Yes, it's great. May I listen to the stereo system? Salesman:Of course. I bet you will enjoy it.Customer:Nice! The bass makes me shake and the tone is graceful.Salesman:Anything else you would like to know? Customer:How about the engine performance and fuel consumption?

Salesman:The engines maximum power is 150 KW at 5,000 rpm. The engine is a 3.0L six cylinder 24-valve model. The fuel consumption is 6.5L /100km on the highway and 12 L /100km in the city.Customer:How much does it cost? Salesman:The price is 250,000 yuan. Well offer the preferential service on right now, such as discount 9.5, free waxing once, handling the insurance business of compensation etc. Customer:Thank you. Please give me your name card. Salesman:No problem. Call me any time if you need any help.Customer:OK! I will think it over and let you know my decision soon. Good bye!Salesman: Good bye!

ExerciseTalk with your partner for the conversation.ContextMr. Smith goes to Cherry Automobile Service Company to have his car maintained. Lilei is the manager of after-sales service department. Mr. Smith receives his warm reception.

6.2 Inquiry Mr. Zhao wants to group-purchase Jetta cars, so he comes to 4S shop and asks the receptionist some detailed information.4S

Vocabulary and Terminology1.opportunity [,ptju:niti] n. Im glad to have the opportunity to speak to you alone.2. group-purchasing Usually the sellers give a lower price for group-purchasing.3. inquiry [inkwairi] v. Make your inquiries at the office.

4. quantity [kwntiti] n. , Please tell me the brand, quantity and invoice number.5. offer [f] n. Ive had an offer of $2000 for the car.20006. quality [kwliti] n. We must improve the quality of our products.

7. discount [diskaunt] n. They give discount to visitors in groups.8. preferential [,prefrenl] adj. You will enjoy more preferential treatment.9. car decorations Car decorations are used to make your car more beautiful.

DialogueZhao: Good morning! Receptionist: Good morning! You are welcome to our company, I am ZouJie.Zhao: I am glad to have the opportunity to visit your corporation.Receptionist: Its a great pleasure to meet you. Is there anything I do for you?Zhao: Yesterday I talked about our group-purchasing Jetta cars with your manager. He told me to contact you and consult some detailed information.Receptionist: Thank you for your inquiry. Would you tell me what the quantity you require so that I can work out the offers.

Zhao: About twenty. But Im worried about the quality of the car if purchasing cars in a group.Receptionist: Dont worry. Well organize our customers to take cars directly as you need in our 4S store.Zhao: Well, what about the discount? Receptionist: For the purpose of establishing business relations with you, we may grant you a special discount of 10%, this is the best we can do for you.

Zhao: Are there any other preferential services?Receptionist: Yes. For example: car decorations are provided, five times free car washing and one-year free maintenance etc. If you want to know about more, youll visit our website about more.Zhao: What procedures do I need if I want to take part in the automotive group-purchasing?Receptionist: Those who buy the cars in group must fill out accurately and detail personal information online to be sure of contact you, such as name, ID, your address, car style, color etc.

Zhao: How is the payment?Receptionist: You may pay online, by the credit or in cash.Zhao: O.K. When can I know the price?Receptionist: Our staff will inform you by phone soon after we work out the offer.Zhao: OK, so much for today, thank you for your enthusiastic reception.Receptionist: Youre welcome.

ExerciseTalk with your partner for the conversation.ContextMs Li wants to buy a new car and she comes to VW 4s store. The salesman gives a brief introduction to

Unit Three 3.1 Drive Line

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Transcript of Unit Three 3.1 Drive Line