Unit Thirteen: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Transcript of Unit Thirteen: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Chapter 17: Therapy
Unit Thirteen: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
the treatment of disease or disorders, as by some remedial, rehabilitating or curative process
a curative power or quality
any act, hobby, task, program, etc. that relieves tension
What is therapy?
Treatment then…
Treatment now…
Categories of Mental Health Therapies:
1.psychological- used to treat learned disorders
psychotherapy: emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
2. biomedical- used to treat biologically rooted disorders
biomedical therapy: prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system
The Psychological TherapiesPsychoanalysis
according to Freud, the patient‘s free associations, resistances, dreams and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—release previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
therapists try to bring the patient’s repressed feelings to conscious awareness so the patients can “deal” with them
resistance- blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation- analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
transference- patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
Key parts of psychoanalysis:
try to understand current symptoms by focusing on themes across relationships
Today, psychodynamic therapy
has replaced traditional psychoanalysis.
interpersonal psychotherapy
goal is relief of present symptoms
The Psychological TherapiesHumanistic Therapies
client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers)-focuses on the person’s self-perceptions; therapist uses techniques like active listening in an accepting environment
active listening- empathic listening in which the therapist echoes, restates, and clarifies
focuses on self-fulfillment…
The Psychological TherapiesBehavior Therapies
applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted/troubling behaviors
behavior therapy:
counterconditioning- procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviorsexposure therapies: behavioral
techniques (like systematic desensitization) that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
systematic desensitizationaversive conditioning: associates an
unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
Classical Conditioning Techniques
behavior modification: reinforce desired behaviors and withhold reinforcement for undesired behaviors
Criticisms:1. What happens when the
reinforcement stops?2. Is it right for one human to control
another’s behaviors?
Operant Conditioning Techniques
The Psychological TherapiesCognitive Therapies
teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting
cognitive-behavior therapy: integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy
The Psychological TherapiesGroup and Family Therapies
saves time and moneyallows patient to recognize he/she is
not aloneallows patient to receive feedback on
new strategies or behaviors tried as a part of therapy
The Biomedical TherapiesDrug Therapies
psychopharmacology- study of the effects of drugs on mind and behaviorProgress in this area has enabled many
to leave hospitals and live on their own.
chlorpromazine (Thorazine), clozapine (Clozaril)
“dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli”
can produce severe side effects
dosage levels vary from person to person
antipsychotic drugs
Xanax; Ativan
depress central nervous system activity
criticisms:don‘t resolve underlying problemscan produce dependence
antianxiety drugs
fluoxetine (Prozac); Zoloft; Paxil
increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin and sometimes block the reuptake process
pairing drugs with exercise or drugs with cognitive therapy can be effective
antidepressant drugs
Mood-stabilizing medications are also an option, particularly for leveling out bipolar mood
swings.
The Biomedical TherapiesBrain Stimulation
brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
The Biomedical TherapiesPsychosurgery
psychosurgery- surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
lobotomy- cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
The goal is to prevent psychological disorders by identifying and addressing their causes:povertymeaningless workconstant criticismunemployment racismsexism
preventing psychological disorders?