Unit One: Beginning Chemistry 1. Atoms, Elements, Compounds Names & Symbols 2.Atomic structure,...

Unit One: Beginning Chemistry

1. Atoms, Elements, CompoundsNames & Symbols

2. Atomic structure, volume of atom

3. Periodic Table Introduction: calculating atomic mass, atomic #, p+, e-, n0, carbon-12

4. Isotopes : nuclear symbol, hyphen symbol

5. Ion introduction- symbols

Worksheets: (1.1) (1.2) (1.3)Chemistry Tables

Structure of the Atom

Atom: smallest unit of an element

Element: pure substance made of only 1 kind of atom. - pure gold, pure sulfur, pure copper….

all listed on periodic chart.

Compound: 2 or more atoms of an element chemically combined.- CO2, NaCl, H20

Symbols for each element: periodic chart

First letter always CAPITAL

3 main parts to an ATOM:

Neutron Proton Electron

Symbol n0 p+ e-

Charge O positive negative

Size 1 1 0

Mass 1 1 0

Location nucleus nucleus electron cloud

Protons and neutrons can be broken down into smaller parts called quarks.

3 quarks from protons, 3 quarks from neutrons

Do you think it is possible to walk through walls?

If the atomic nucleus were the size of this magnet,

the first energy level containing electrons would be on

the second tier stadium seats.

Photo via permission Dreamstime


1. Atoms, Elements, Compounds

Names & Symbols



3. Periodic Table Introduction:

calculating atomic mass, atomic #,

p+, e-, n0, carbon-12

Worksheets: (1.1) Periodic Table

Look on periodic chart

17

Cl

35.45

Atomic # is # of protons……identifies element

….if element is neutral then #p+ = #e-

Chlorine has 17 protons or 17 electrons

Atomic Mass # is # of protons + # neutrons

Chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons on the average (Subtract the two numbers)

Ws 1.1

What is element 29 with #e-,#p+,no, & atomic mass

1. Ag, 29,29,60, 107.87amu

2. Cu, 29,29,34.55, 63.55amu

3. Cu, 29, 29,35, 63.55amu

4. Ni, 29, 29, 34, 58.69amu

5. Cu, 29,29,60, 107.87amu

Calculate atomic mass of magnesium

1. 12

2. 54.94

3. 24.00

4. 24.31

5. 40.08

What is the atomic number for Phosphorus?

1. 19

2. 39.10

3. 15

4. 30.97

5. 16

6. 32.07

Calculate #of neutrons of Arsenic

1. 33

2. 74.92

3. 74

4. 75

5. 42

6. 41.92

7. 40.92

Atomic mass # of all periodic chart

is based on carbon-12.

Why?

All life forms are carbon based = organic

So

Silicon atomic mass is 28/12 of carbon

Germanium is 73/12 heavier than carbon

Tin is 118.7 / 12 heavier than carbon

Lead is 207 / 12 heavier than carbon

What is the weight ratio of vanadium to gold?

1. 1:2

2. 2:3

3. 1:1

4. 1:4

5. 4:2

6. 4:3


3. Periodic Table Introduction:

calculating atomic mass, atomic #,

p+, e-, n0, carbon-12

Worksheets: (1.1)



Worksheets: (1.2) (1.3)

Isotopes or Nuclides

Atoms same # p+ which identify the element … but atoms may have different # of n0.

Hydrogen H= 1p+ 1e- 0no

H= 1p+ 1e- 1no

H= 1p+ 1e- 2no

Isotopes only concerned with neutrons: “protons do not change”

Isotopes are used in cancer detection

2 ways to write an Isotope

Nuclear Symbol Hyphen

Ws. 1.2

Ws 1.3

50

8

8

5

1

142

How many p+, e-, no are in the isotope Chlorine-37

1. 37- 37- 35.45

2. 17- 52.45 - 17

3. 17- 17- 35.45

4. 17- 17- 20

How many protons, electrons, neutrons in Calcium- 45

1. 45,45,22

2. 20, 20 45

3. 40.08, 20,20

4. 20,20,25

Isotopes of each element differ in

1. The number of neutrons in the nucleus

2. Atomic number

3. The number of electrons in the highest energy level

4. The total number of electrons

Ion: an atom or group of bonded atoms that have a positive or negative charge

• How do you get a positive or negative charge?

By gaining or losing an electron.

• Ionization: any process resulting in

the formation of an ion.

Lost an electron Gained an electron

Become positive become negative

+ -

called cation called Anion

K+1 F-1

Mg+2 O-2

B+3 N-3

All metals become cations

OIL RIG

Calculate the number of electrons for the cation Si+4.

1. 14

2. 18

3. 4

4. 10

The anion for phosphorus-3 contains

1. Ten electrons

2. Eleven electrons

3. Twelve electrons

4. Thirteen electrons

5. Fourteen electrons

6. Fifteen electrons

Calculate number of electrons for the anion Br -1

1. 34

2. 35

3. 36

4. 79

5. 80

6. 81

introduce ions as electrolytes

Pure water does not conduct a current.

Water containing dissolved salt conducts a current.

Pure water does not conduct a current.

Water containing dissolved salt conducts a current.

Change # of protons… change element

Change # of neutrons… it is an isotope

Change # of electrons … it is an ion


1. Atoms, Elements, CompoundsNames & Symbols


3. Periodic Table Introduction: calculating atomic mass, atomic #, p+, e-, n0, carbon-12



Worksheets: (1.1) (1.2) (1.3)

Unit One: Beginning Chemistry 1. Atoms, Elements, Compounds Names & Symbols 2.Atomic structure,...

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Transcript of Unit One: Beginning Chemistry 1. Atoms, Elements, Compounds Names & Symbols 2.Atomic structure,...