COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM)

UNIT IV– COMPONENTS OF CIM

1

UNIT IV COMPONENTS OF CIM

CIM as a concept and a technology, CASA/SME model of CIM,CIM,data

CIM II, benefits of CIM, communication matrix inCIM – CIMfundamentals of computer communication in

transmission methods – serial, parallel, asynchronous,synchronous, modulation, demodulation, simplex and duplex.Types of communication in CIM – point to point (PTP), star andmultiplexing. Computer networking in CIM – the seven layerOSI model, LAN model, MAP model, network topologies – star,ring and bus, advantages of networks in CIM

2

WHAT IS CIM?

The term CIM comprises three words – computer, integrated and

manufacturing. CIM is the

in an integrated way.

application of computers in manufacturing

CIM is an attempt to combine computer technologies in order to

manage and control the entire business and manufacturing.

CIM is the computerization of design, manufacturing, distribution

and financial/business function into one coherent system.3

What is CIM?

• C + I + M

• C = Computer

i. Enabling tool

ii. Information flow

iii. Information management

COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTRING

I = Integrated

i. Integration vs. interfacingii. Shared informationiii. Shared functionality

M = Manufacturingi. Production control

ii. Production scheduling

iii. Process design

iv. Product design

v. Manufacturing enterprise

DEFINITION OF CIM

CIM is the integration of the total manufacturingenterprise through the use of integrated systems anddata communications coupled with new managerialphilosophiesefficiency.

that improve organizational and personnel

4

CASA/SME’sCIM wheel

5

CASA – Computer and Automated System Association

SME – Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Is CIM a concept or a technology?

CIM is both a concept and a technology. For, topformanagement, CIM is a concept, a blueprint

success. For, middle management and line managers,CIMthat

is a technology, a physical realization of resourcesare more capable and flexible.

- Kant Vajpayee and Reiden

6

Historical review of CIM•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1909

1923

1952

1954

1959

1960

1963

1965

1973

1980

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ford’s concepts of Production lines were used

Automatic transfer lines were introduced.

Generation of punched paper tapes

First NC Milling machine used.

application of control using digital computer

First NC Control Unimate Robot was installed.

Sketchpad usage

International business machines developed.

CNC – DNC Concepts developed

- Concept of FMS established.7

WHY CIM?

• To meet Competitive pressures.

• To coordinate and Organize data.

• To eliminate paper and cost associated with its use.

• To automate communication within a factory

• To facilitate simultaneous engineering.

8

• Responsiveness to rapid changes in market demand andproduct modification.

Better use of materials, machinery and personnel.•

• Better control of production and management of the total

manufacturing

Manufacturing

operation.

• high quality product at low cost

4

CAPABILITIES OF CIM

REASONS FOR IMPLEMENTING CIM

To meet competitive pressures•

Reduces lead time, inventory, material & cost.Increased quality, responsiveness to computers.

Links logical,activities.

organizational and manufacturing

• To coordinate and organize dataFunctional,

dataproduct, operational & performance

••

To eliminate paper and cost associated with its useTo automate communication within factory and

increase speed• To facilitate simultaneous engineering

Concurrent engineering – restructuring product

10development activity by cross functional team

OBJECTIVES OF CIM

More productive and efficient processes. Increaseproduct reliability.Decrease cost of production and maintenance

Reduce number of hazardous jobs.

••

•

•

• Increase involvement of educated in manufacturing and design.

and able humans

CIM-I Vs CIM-II

11

CIM-I CIM-II

1. Computer Interfaced

Manufacturing

Computer Integrated

Manufacturing

2. Interfacing existing system Integration of total manufacturing

enterprises

3. Fourth generation

computers

Fifth generation computers

ELEMENTS OF CIM

• Computerized integration of all aspects of design, andplanning,

management.

manufacturing, distribution

• Includes all engineering functions of CAD/CAM andalso business functions.

• Product and process design, production planning andcontrol and production processes replaced byCAD/CAM, CAPP and automated material handlingsystem and computerized business systems.

• Completely interface and

automated factory with no humanfactory of the future.

• To transform ideas into a high quality products in theminimum cost and minimum time.

• CIM technologies tied together using a network andintegrated databases.

12

Computerized Elements of CIM system

11

Schematic diagram of CIM

12

Islands of automationIslands of Automation represents the various technologies thatfacilitates manufacturing automation in isolation, without havingintegrated with other manufacturing technologies.

13

The new SME manufacturing enterprise wheel

14

CIM Hardware

MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT

Workstations, Cells,Storage Devices.,

DNC’s, FMS’s, Tool Handling Devices,

COMPUTER RELATED HARDWARE'S

Computers, Controllers, CAD/CAM Systems, WorkstationTerminal, Printers, Plotters Modems Cables Connectors, etc.,

OFFICE EQUIPMENT

COMMUNICATION HARDWARE

Transmitters, Multiplexers Acoustic Couplers, Remote BatchTerminal

15

CIM SOFTWARE

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Design Program

DBMS Program MIS

Program Analysis

Program Monitoring

Program

Bar Code Program

Conveyor Program

Job Tracking Program

Simulation program

Communications program

Production control program

Marketing program

16

Potentials Benefits of CIM

• TANGIBLE BENEFITS

Higher Profits, Improved Quality, Lower Cost, Reduced Scrap andRework, Increased Factory Capacity, Shorter Lead Time, Improved

ManufacturingPerformance, Reduced Inventory, IncreasedProductivity, Increased machine utilization, Etc.

• INTANGIBLE BENEFITS

CustomerImprovedEmployee

Service, Greater Flexibility, Greater Responsiveness,Competitiveness, Safer Working Environment, Higher

Morale, More opportunities for upgrading skills Etc..

17

Network communicationsCustomer

Requirements

Sales and Marketing

Engineering Design

(BOM)

MaterialRequirements

Planning

ManufacturingDepartment

Shop Floor18

Families of Communications

Computers

matrix in CIM

Machines/Process

Personnel19

Communication matrix

P C M

P(Personnel)

C(Computer)

M(Machine)

20

Data communications and components

Data communication is the exchange of data between two devicesvia some form of transmission medium

21

NETWORKS

A communication network is a collection of equipment and physical

media that interconnects two or more communication devices

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKS

•

•

•

•

•

More efficient Management of Resources

Networks help keep information reliable and up-to-date.

Network help speed up data sharing

Network help in business service their clients more effectively.

Networks greatly expand a business marketing and customer service

Capability.22

TYPES OF NETWORKS

1. Local Area Networks

Client/Server

Peer to Peer

(LANs)

2.

3.

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

23

Local area networksLAN is privately owned communications network that serves users with in a confined

geographical area (example office, a group of building close together,campus ).

Now days, LAN have data rates reached 100 Mbps with GB systems

and college

Realize large productivity and cost savings to organizations

24

Types of LAN1. Client/server

Requesting microcomputers called client

Supplying devices called servers

One or more administrator can manage security

and permission, convenient backup,

reduces network traffic

2. Peer-to-Peer

All microcomputers on the network communicate

Directly with one another without relying on a server

Every computer act as both client & server

Security is not an issue

25

Metropolitan area networks (MANS)

• Communicationscity

network covering a geographic area the size of a

26

Wide area networks (WANs)

WAN it provides long-distance transmission of data over largegeographical areas that may comprise the whole world.

27

Network topology (types of communication line)

The geometric representation of the relationship of all the links andlinking devices to each other.

28

STAR (or) RADIAL TOPOLOGYEach devices has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central•controller as a HUB it is also called as point-to-point (PTP) connection

29

TREE TOPOLOGYThe majority of devices connect to a secondary hub that in turn is

connected to the central hub

30

BUS TOPOLOGY• Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. Drop line is

a connectionconnector

running between the device and the main cable. Tap is a

31

RING TOPOLOGY• Each device is connected to two and only to neighboring devices.

32

HYBRID TOPOLOGIES

STAR BUS STAR RING

33

DATA FLOW(TRANSMISSION MODE)

• Transmission modes refers to the direction of information flowbetween two devices. There are three

Simplex Transmission

Half – duplex Transmission

types of transmission modes,

Full – duplex Transmission

34

COMPONENTS OF LAN

Connection or Cabling Systems.

Microcomputer with interface cards

Network operating system

Repeaters

Bridges

Routers

Gateway

35

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION

•

•

ANALOG TRANSMISSION

DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

36

MODES OF DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION

37

SERIAL TRANSMISSIONAsynchronous Transmission

Synchronous Transmission

38

MULTIPLEXERSMultiplexers – is a device that connect into one high speed transmission

Concentrators

several low speed transmission

Front-end processors

39

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

• GUIDED MEDIATWISTED PAIR CABLE

COAXIAL CABLE

FIBER OPTIC CABLE

UNGUIDED MEDIA•

FREE SPACE

40

NETWORK/MEDIUMLAN’S

ACCESS CONTROL METHOD FOR

Token passingCSMA/CD

Voltage variation

41

NETWORK ARCHITECTURES and PROTOCOLS

Network architecture describes the components, the functions performed,and the interfaces and interactions between the components of a network.

Open system interconnection (OSI) or (ISO/OSI Reference model)

Developed by ISO, to open communication b/w different systems without requiring

logic of the underlying software and hardware

changes to the

Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP)

subset of the ISO protocol designed to meet the needs of the factory automation

The Technical and Office Protocol (TOP)

subset of the OSI/ISO standards for technical and office applications

42

DNS • WWW /HTTP

P2P. EMAll/POP .SMTPTelnet, FTP

recognizng data

HTML.DOC. JPEG, MP3. A VtSockets. Session establishmentin TCP. SIP, RTPRPC - Named pipes.

TCP. UDP. SCTP. SSL TLS

OSI model Layer

i

.

i

5/2016 44

Functions of the OSI layer diagram

1/25/2016 45

Functions of the OSI layer

5/2016 46

Functions of the OSI layer(Contd..,)

Goals of OSI ModelTo provide a standards for communication between systems

Remove any technical impediment

To define point of intersection for the exchange of

Organizations of OSI

IEC – International electro technical commission

ISO – International Organization of Standardization

CEN – European Committee for Standardization

EWOS – European Workshop on System

ECMA – European Computer Manufacturers Association

ANSI – American National Standards Institute

IEEE – Institute Of Electrical And Electronic Engineer

information b/w systems

47

MAP layer

48

(Manufacturing Automation Protocol)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1.

2.

Explain the concept and scope of CIM.

Define CIM and elaborate on the benefits of

organisation.CIM in a manufacturing

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Explain

Explain

Explain

the

the

the

CASA/ SME CIM wheel model with a neat sketch.

fundamentals of computer communication in CIM .

various CIM data transmission

State and brief about the types of communication in CIM

Define Computer networking in CIM and explain OSI model in detail

Explain about the types of computer networks its advantages and thetopologies.

49