Unit IV
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Transcript of Unit IV
Unit IV
• Global Interactions
Unit IV
• The Renaissance
Renaissance:“re-birth” of classics and culture; humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread
throughout Europe.
King Henry VIII
Humanism:Cultural and intellectual movement of the
Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of
ancient Greece and
Secularism:
worldly focus rather than religious .
Patron:Someone who provides support to a specific
cause and/or person/people.
Vernacular:Everyday language of a people. .
how are you? jak sie masz Hola — Hello, hi
"Xie Xie" 谢谢 . "Xie Xie 谢谢 " means "Thank you".
Здравствуйте!
Hello!
Здравствуйте!
Hello!
Здравствуйте!
Hello!
bonjour, hello Hello
Johann Gutenberg:Inventor of the printing press .
Machiavelli, Niccolo
• (1469-1527) Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher of the Renaissance. His greatest work is The Prince, a book of political advice to rulers in which he describes the methods that a prince should use to acquire and maintain political power. This book was used to defend policies of despotism and tyranny. Machiavelli wrote that a ruler should take any action to remain in power, or that “the ends justify the means.”
Renaissance People:Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dante, Raphael,
Shakespeare
Raphael
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI 1496 - 1564
Da Vinci
Unit IV
•Reformation
Protestant Reformation:(Reformation) 15th and 16th century European religious schism of the Catholic church giving
origins to new Christian religions of Lutheranism, Calvinism and the Anglican
Church of England .
Luther, MartinCatholic monk. His disagreements
with various Catholic traditions led to the founding to the Protestant Church.
Indulgence:Letters of forgiveness for one's sins provided
by the medieval Church, and one of the causes of the Reformation. .
95 Theses:Martin Luther's questions for debate surrounding the practices of the Catholic Church symbolizing
the beginning of the Protestant Reformation .
Heretic (heresy):People whose religious beliefs differ
than those of the church.
Calvin, John:(1509-1564) Theologian and church reformer who
developed a form of Protestantism during the Reformation. His church is known for the idea of predestination, which states certain people are
predestined for heaven.
Predestination:The idea of Calvinist Protestants that certain
people were pre-selected to go to heaven. .
Henry VIII:
King of England who transformed his country into a Protestant
nation during the Reformation.
Counter (Catholic) Reformation:
16th century movement within Catholic Church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal.
Council of Trent:A long standing meeting of Catholic Church leaders that reformed and
reaffirmed Church beliefs and customs.
Jesuits:Members of the Society of Jesus, a religious group (order) that started during the Counter-Reformation;
started by Ignatius Loyola.
Inquisition:Roman Catholic church court in charge of
investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s.
Unit IV
• Muslim Expansion(Ottoman Empire)
Ottoman Empire:Hereditary nation state centered in Turkey. It was founded in the late 13th century after the collapse
of the Byzantine Empire and extended across most of Asia Minor and the Middle East.
Ottoman coat of arms Ottoman coat of arms
Suleiman:(1494-1566) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and considered to be their greatest ruler. Under his
leadership, the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest height.
Janissaries:Ottoman army elite warriors.
Sultan:Title for Islamic (Ottoman) rulers of
Muslim country, kingdom, or empire.
Akbar the Great:(1542-1605) Sultan of the Mughal Empire in India. He is
considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it,
and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.Akbar 1543 - 1605 A.D.
Taj Mahal:Mosque/tomb in Agra India built by
Shah Jahan for his most beloved wife. Now stands as a symbol of cultural
diffusion.
Yuan Dynasty:Mongol dynasty (non-Chinese) that ruled China for
less than 100yrs; Started by Kublai Khan.
Kublai Khan:
Mongol leader who ruled China as Emperor.
Kublai Khan and Marco Polo
Marco Polo:
Traveler from Venice (Italian city-state) who served Kublai Khan for 17 yrs..
“God, Gold, Glory” 3 G’s:
Slogan the age of exploration identifying motivating factors for
exploring the new world.
God Almighty (van Eyck)
Morning Glory
Unit III
• Mughals of India
British East India Company:A joint stock company that controlled most of India
during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India
for more than 200 years.
Dutch East India Company:
Dutch merchants forming an association to increase profits and
protect shipping interests.
Treaty of TordesillasPope set a dividing line between Spanish and Portuguese trading
interests.
Unit IV
• Mongols (Yuan)
Isolationism:A policy of avoiding political or military (some times economic)
involvement with other countries.
Ming Dynasty:Chinese dynasty known for restoring
Confucian gov’t/principals/traditions, as well as ISOLATING China from foreign
influence.
Unit IV
• Exploration & Isolation
Zheng He:Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of ASIA,
Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death.
Zheng He
EthnocentrismBelief that your culture is superior to others.
Terrace Farming:The cutting out of flat areas on hillsides for the purpose of farming – looks like steps on
the side of hills/mountains
Population Density:
The number of people per sq. mile.
Homogeneous:A society with the same racial or ethnic make-up.
Selective Borrowing:Process of one culture picking/choosing aspects of another culture and making them part of their own
way of life. Ex. Japan’s “selectively borrowing" aspects of Chinese culture
Haiku Poetry:3 line poem w/17 syllables that express a
single thought or feeling
An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond,
splash! Silence again.
by Basho (1644-1694)
Noh Theater SceneJapanese Kabuki
Kabuki & Noh Theatre:Feudal Japanese theatre that performed comedic/dramatic presentations of everyday life
or historical events – performed by only men [Kabuki]. Japanese
opera [Noh]
Shintoism:
Ancient Japanese belief system based on the kami or spirits within all living and
non-living things
Kami:Shinto belief in the spirits of all living
and non-living things
Feudalism:Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for
loyalty and military service
Shogun:Military leader in Feudal Japan who rule in the name of the emperor (no
power/figurehead)
Daimyo:
Feudal lord of Japan and large landowner
SamuraiProfessional warrior of feudal Japan.
Bushido:Behavior code of the samurai during a
feudal age of Japan
Sepuku:Ritual suicide for Samurai & feudal nobility if they
bring dishonor or shame upon themselves or family. Also known as “Hari-Kari”
Teddy Bear Sepuku
Tokugawa Shogunate:Ruled for 300 years beginning in 1603 and built a powerful feudal government that maintained strict isolation from outsiders and made great internal
cultural advance.
Regionalism:Strong local traditions that divide people within a
country or region.
L.A. Physical Geography:Andes Mts., Atacama Desert, Amazon Rain Forest, Patagonia, Pampas, Brazilian/Guiana Highlands,
Sierra Madres (E & W), Amazon River.
Pre-Columbian SocietyNative Americans living in the New World before
Columbus. I.E. Aztec
Encomienda System:Spanish system whereby land holders
demanded labor and loyalty from conquered Native Americans
Triangular Trade:Transfer of goods, resources and slave between
Europe, Africa and the Americas
Diaspora:The enforced spreading out of a group of people. In history, there has been both a
Jewish Diaspora and an African Diaspora.
Middle Passage:The trans-Atlantic slave trade voyage.
Cash Crops:Specific crops grown for the purpose of
exportation & sale – BUT NOT necessatily for local population use. $$$ [coffee, sugar,
cotton, tobacco]
Columbian Exchange:Massive exchange of goods, people
and ideas across the Atlantic Oceans during the colonial age