8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

1/8

 

1

UNIT 9. MACHINES

A MACHINE IS ANY OBJECT THAT WE USE TO PERFORM A TASK WITH LESS EFFORT OR MORE

SPEED.

MACHINES

HELP US 

LIFT WEIGHTS MOVE FROM DO DOMESTICS HEAT OUR COMUNICATE

ONE PLACE TO TASKS HOUSES &

ANOTHER PLAY

MACHINES need ENERGY to work.

SPANNER CART COMPUTERS CARS & AEROPLANES WINDMILLSNEED MOVE IF NEED TO BE MOVE WITH NEED

FORCE HORSE PLUGGED FUEL WIND OR

PULLS IT (GASOLINA) WATER

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

2/8

 

2

SIMPLE MACHINES

ONE PIECE OR VERY FEW PIECES

INCLINED PLANE  LEVER WHEEL PULLEY

RAMP: STRONG RIGID BAR SORT CYLINDER THAT WHEEL WITH A THAT MOVE ON A TURNS ON A BAR THAT CHANNEL AROUND

*BETWEEN 2 POINTS  POINT OF SUPPORT  PASSES THROUGH ITS ITS OUTER EDGE 

DIFERENT LEVELS CENTRE 

INCREASED POWER A ROPE OR CABLE 

*REDUCE THE FORCE  BAR CALLED AXLE SITS INSIDE CHANNEL 

TO RAISE HEAVY OBJECTS *CAN LIFT HEAVY OR

ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER CRUSH OBJECTS *MOVE HEAVY *HELP US LIFT 

OBJECTS OBJECTS

WITH LITTE EFFORT

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

3/8

 

3

COMPOUND MACHINES

*ARE MADE FROM MANY PARTS

*ARE VERY EFFICIENT (USE LESS ENERGY TO GREATER EFFECT)

A MOTOR OTHER COMPOUND MACHINES

*MACHINE THAT TRANSFORM THE ENERGY *PERFORM DIVERSE TASKS WITH THE

IT RECIVES INTO MOVIMENT. ENERGY THAT THEY RECIVE.

FUEL

ELECTRICITY LAMPS BOILERS TV COMPUTERS

*WORK ON WATER CURRENTS

WINDAN ANIMAL PRODUCE PRODUCE TRANSFORM TRANSFORM

STRENGTH OF LIGHT HEAT ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL

A HUMAN SIGNALS SIGNAL

INTO INTO

*CAN BE CONNECTED TO OTHERS MACHINES: IMAGES INFORMATION

PRODUCE MOVEMENT &

MOST VEHICLES SOUND

MACHINES IN

*HAS GOT MOTOS FACTORIES

MACHINES IN OUR

HOMES

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

4/8

 

4

MACHINES HELP US

HUMANS HAVE BUILT AND USED MACHINES SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

THE FIRST MACHINES (THE OLDEST)

VERY SIMPLE   –  MADE FROM NATURAL MATERIALS  - WORKED BY HUMAN FORCE  AND LATER BY

DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

LEVERS  RAMPS  SLEDS 

*MADE FROM TREE BRANCHES *MADE FROM SAND *TO MOVE STONE &

& STONES. HEAVY MATERIALS

*LATER: BALANCES &

CATAPULTS.

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

5/8

 

5

HOW MACHINES EVOLVED

WITH THE INVENTION OF WHEEL, AXLES AND LEVERS WE STARTED TO USE OTHER FORMS OF

ENERGY: THE POWER OF WIND & WATER 

CARTS WATERWHEELS HIDRAULIC WHEELS WINDMILLS FISRT CRANES

 

*PULLED BY HORSES, *USED TO *USED ENERGY OF *USED TO GRIND *MADEOXEN & DONKEYS. WATER CROPS FLOWING WATER GRAIN & PUMP OF WOOD

WATER

TRANSPORT *MOVE WITH *POWERED

*USED WATER *WORKED WITH BY HUMAN

IN WAR THE POWER OF & ANIMALS

WIND.

*USED TO

CONSTRUCT

  BIG BUILDINGS

(CATHEDRALS  & CASTLES

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

6/8

 

6

MACHINES TODAY

TODAY WE USE SIMPLES MACHINES AND NEW COMPOUND MACHINES WITH COMPLEX COMPUTERS AND

MOTORS SUCH A ROBOTS: CAN FUNCTIONS WITHOUT HUMANS.

USED ENERGY SUCH A FUEL & ELECTRICITY  IN OUR HOMES

WASHING MACHINES DISHWASHERS FOOD PROCESSORS PRINTERS VACUUM CLEANERS

A) 

MACHINES THAT HELP US AT WORK

AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOK FISHERMEN INDUSTRY SCIENTIFIC & MEDICAL 

FARMERS FARMERS  RESEACH 

USE USE USE USE USE

TRACTORS & MACHINES TO BOATS WITH CRANERS, MICROSCOPES,

HARVERSTERS MILK COWS RADARS CONVEYORS BELT X-RAY MACHINES,

OTHERS SATELITES

MACHINES TO

FEED ANIMALS

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

7/8

 

7

B) 

MACHINES OF TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT CAN BE

ON LAND ON WATER BY AIR

TRAIN-LORRIES-CARS-MOTORBIKES BOAT AND COMPLEX MACHINES AEROPLANES

& HELICOPTERS

8/15/2019 Unit 9 Machines. Naturall Science 3. ANAYA

8/8

 

8

C) 

MACHINES FOR RECREATION AND COMMUNICATION

TELEPHONES-RADIOS-TELEVISIONS RADIOS-TELEVISIONS-COMPUTERS

COMPUTERS

CONNECTED INTERNET TRANSMIT INFORMATION A LOT OF

PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME

LET US COMMUNICATE