Unit 9

Environment

Objectives

To get the background of Environ- ment through passage reading

To master the expressions about environment

To practice interpreting materials about environment

To review and master the technique of Note-taking.

Reading Passages

Taking Stock of the Future An Analysis of China’s

Ecological Environment Chinese Effort in Promoting

International Cooperation in Environment Protection

Taking Stock of the Future Passage A

Passage A Taking Stock of the Future

Understanding the titleKey points

“China’s Sustainable Development 2000”

Three ‘Zeros’

Questions for discussion

Vocabulary in Passage A—中国可持续发展报告 2000

“China’s Sustainable Development 2000”总体生态环境The general ecological environment废气排放Exhaust emissions温室效应The greenhouse effect

二氧化碳Carbon dioxide二氧化硫Sulphur dioxide植被 : Vegetation cover零增长 : “zero” increases可持续发展模式The model of sustainable development人口的零增长The zero population increase

Vocabulary in Passage A

An Analysis of China’s Ecological Environment

Passage B

P.B An Analysis of China’s Ecological Environment

Basic conditions of China’s Ecological Environment

Causes of Deterioration of the Ecological Environment

Measures for Improving the Ecological Environment

生态系统Ecological system / ecosystem生态平衡Ecological balance/heath生态变化Ecological change

生态气候Ecological climate生态地带Ecological belt

Vocabulary in Passage B

生态不足Ecological deficit生态意识The sense/awareness of ecology中国科学院生态环境研究所The Ecological Environment Research

Centre of the Chinese Academy of Sciences国家科学技术委员会The State Science and Technology

Commission

Vocabulary in Passage B

污染物 : pollutant 环境污染 : Environmental pollution

大气污染Atmosphere/atmospheric pollution

空气污染 : Air pollution 噪音污染 : Noise pollution

治理污染Pollution treatment污染性发射物Polluting emission环境科学／保护Environmental science / protection

Vocabulary in Passage B

环境监测系统Environmental monitoring system环境监督 /指数Environmental oversight / Environmental index公顷 (ha=hectare)立方 (cu=cubic)平方 (sq=square)公分 (cm=centimetre)先天不足Natural deficiency / Inherent shortage恶化 /退化： Destruction/damage/weakeningDegeneration/deterioration/retrogression/degradation

Vocabulary in Passage B

地力下降 Land degradation

土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤保护Soil conservation土壤改良Soil improvement/amelioration土壤结构Soil structure土壤质地Soil texture

Vocabulary in Passage B

遭风化的土壤Crumbly soil表土层Top soil森林覆盖面Forest cover植树造林 /绿化Afforestation

造林面积 Afforestation area采伐 (破坏）林木deforestation

Vocabulary in Passage B

绿化国土计划Green land plan防护林Shelter belt雨林区Rain forest土地沙漠化desertification沙漠化的土地Desertified land黄土高原Loess high land/plateau/table land

Vocabulary in Passage B

板块plate潜地带Subduction belt构造地质学tectonics构造运动Tectonic movement滑坡 /土崩landslide泥石流Mud flow, mud-rock flow

Vocabulary in Passage B

地形topography恶性循环Vicious cycle (circle)再循环回收再生To recycle静电学electrostatstics静电除尘器Electrostatic precipitator高开发，高消费High utilization of resources and high level

consumption

Vocabulary in Passage B

先污染后治理 /破坏在先，治理在后 /牺牲在先，补救在后

First pollute the environment and then take counter-measures节约资源，适度消费，协调发展，全面调控，综合治理，恢复生态平衡

Saving natural resources, promoting moderate consumption, paying attention to coordinated development, implementing overall adjustment and control, protecting the environment comprehensively and restoring the ecological balance.

Vocabulary in Passage B

Questions for discussion

Give a brief account on today’s world ecological environment.

Discuss the basic conditions of China’s ecological environment and the causes of the problem.

According to the report, human exploitation of natural resources in China exceeds what nature can sustain and has caused an imbalance in the ecological system. Discuss it using your experience.

Questions for discussion

Comment on the causes of the deterioration of China’s ecological environment.

Discuss ways of improving China’s ecological environment.

Give an account on the points of China’s future development strategy.

Chinese effort in promoting international cooperation in

environmental protection

Passage C

Passage CSelf-study on Passage CImportant expressions:经济发展必须与环境保护相协调Economic development should be

coordinated with environmental protection.处理环境问题应当兼顾各国现实的实际利益和世界的长远利益。

Both practical interests of various countries and long-term interests of the world should be considered in handling environmental problems…

Words and terms for the ExercisesEnvironment Millennium环境千年The Roman Christian calendar公历Far reaching ramifications广泛的影响Nitrogen pollution氮气污染Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

水陆生态系统双重任务 The dual task从国情出发 Proceeding from the national

conditions可持续发展 Sustainable development脆弱的环境 The fragile environment

中国人民及其子孙后代 The Chinese people as well as their posterity人均土地面积 The per capita land area中低产田

The medium and low yield arable land 人均占有森林蓄积量

The per capita forest cumulation森林覆盖率 The forest coverage rate

人均木材消耗量 The per capita timber consumption

中度退化的草原 The grassland of medium degradation

Words and terms for the Exercises

植被衰退 Vegetation degrading 自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果

The result of combination between natural and artificial factors

温室效应 The greenhouse effect 退耕还草 Restore grass planting on the

reclaimed land围湖育草 Close grassland to facilitate grass

planting 限定最高载畜量 Set a limit to the quantity of

livestock in the grassland 严禁超载过牧 Forbid overload grazing

干旱、半干旱地区 Arid and semi-arid regions

Words and terms for the Exercises

1.1. China is a developing country. Now it is China is a developing country. Now it is confronted with the dual task of confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting developing the economy and protecting the environment. the environment.

2.2. Proceeding from its national Proceeding from its national conditions, China has, in the process of conditions, China has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental program, made environmental protection one of its basic national/state protection one of its basic national/state policies.policies.

Exercise in Interpreting : Chinese – English (9-2)

Chinese – English (9-2)

3.3.China regards the realization China regards the realization of sustainable development as an of sustainable development as an important strategy and carries important strategy and carries out throughout the country out throughout the country large-scale measures for large-scale measures for pollution prevention and control pollution prevention and control as well as ecological environment as well as ecological environment protection.protection.

4.4.China’s modernization drive has China’s modernization drive has been launched in/under the been launched in/under the conditions of large population base, conditions of large population base, low per capita resources, under-low per capita resources, under-developed economy, and backward developed economy, and backward scientific and technological level.scientific and technological level.

Chinese – English Interpreting: 9-2

English-Chinese Interpreting: 9-15.5.The Chinese government has The Chinese government has paid paid

great attention to/attached great great attention to/attached great importance to/ highly valueimportance to/ highly value the the environmental issues environmental issues arising arising from/caused by/ as a result offrom/caused by/ as a result of the the country’s population growth and country’s population growth and economic development, economic development, and has made environmental and has made environmental protection an important aspect of the protection an important aspect of the improvement of the people’s living improvement of the people’s living standards and quality of life. standards and quality of life.

English-Chinese Interpreting: 9-1

6.6.In order to promote coordinated In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, development between the economy, the society and the environment, the society and the environment, Chinas has enacted/formulated and Chinas has enacted/formulated and implemented a series of principles, implemented a series of principles, policies, laws and measures for policies, laws and measures for environmental protection.environmental protection.

草原退化的原因是多方面的，是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果。

The degradation of grassland has several reasons. It is the result of combination between natural and artificial factors / of natural factors with artificial factors.

Exercises: Exercises: English-Chinese Interpreting: 9-1English-Chinese Interpreting: 9-1

demonstrate one’s commitment 2000 The Environmental Millennium --- Time to Act : 2000 环境千年

--- 行动起来theme 主题 continent 大洲 capture 捕获observe the Roman Christian calendar 遵循 /使用公历

（地名：） Rio 里约 Kalimantan 加里曼尼 Kenya 肯尼亚far reaching/profound ramification stockbroker股票经纪人highlight v. /n. 强调 突出 adequate sanitation 足够卫生设备extreme weather 极端天气 land fertility 土地地力

urbanization 城市化 Nitrogen pollution compromise 危害到terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem mammal species 哺乳动物

coral reef 珊瑚礁 marine fisheries 海洋渔业affluent 富裕的 watershed 转折点

Exercises and technique of note-taking

Homework: Finish the remained part of the exercises with your partner after class

Conclusion of Unit 9

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