Unit 9 Chordates
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Transcript of Unit 9 Chordates
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Unit 9 Chordates
Ch. 30 Nonvertebrate Chordates, Fishes, & Amphibians
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What Is a Chordate? A chordate is an animal that has, for at
least some stage of its life, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; a notochord; pharyngeal pouches; & a tail that extends beyond the anus
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What Is a Chordate? Notochord - a long supporting rod that
runs through the body just below the nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches - paired structures in the throat region, used to help in gas exchange
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Most Chordates Are Vertebrates Vertebrae - individual segments that
make up the backbone
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Nonvertebrate Chordates The 2 groups of nonvertebrate chordates
are tunicates & lancelets Both are soft-bodied marine organisms Tunicates are often called sea squirts
because of the stream of water they eject
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Nonvertebrate Chordates Lancelets are small nonvertebrate
chordates that often live with their bodies 1/2 buried in sand
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What Is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates; most
fishes have paired fins, scales, & gills
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Evolution of Fishes The evolution of jaws & the evolution of
paired fins were important developments during the rise of fishes
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Form & Function in Fishes Adaptations to aquatic life include various
modes of feeding, specialized structures for gas exchange, & paired fins for locomotion
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Groups of Fishes When you consider their basic internal
structure, all living fishes can be classified into 3 groups: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, & bony fishes
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Diversity of Ray-Finned Fishes
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Ecology of Fishes Fishes are important source of food for
many organisms
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What Is an Amphibian? An amphibian is a vertebrate that,
typically, lives in water as a larva & on land as an adult, breathes with lungs as an adult, has moist skin that contains mucous glands, & lacks scales & claws
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Evolution of Amphibians Early amphibians evolved several
adaptations that helped them live at least part of their lives out of water
Bones in the limbs of amphibians became stronger, permitting more efficient movement
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Evolution of Amphibians Lungs & breathing tubes enabled them to
breathe air The sternum, or breastbone, formed a
bony shield to support & protect internal organs, especially the lungs
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Form & Function in Amphibians Tadpoles are filter feeders,
adult amphibians are almost entirely carnivorous
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Form & Function in Amphibians An amphibian’s heart has 3 chambers, 2
atria & 1 ventricle Some wastes diffuse across the skin, but
kidneys remove most wastes from bloodstream
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Form & Function in Amphibians An amphibian typically begins its life in
water, then moves on land as an adult
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Groups of Amphibians The 3 groups of amphibians alive today
are salamanders, frogs & toads, & caecilians
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Diversity of Amphibians
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Ecology of Amphibians Some amphibians that release toxins
have brightly colored bodies The colors & patterns
serve as a warning to potential predators