Unit 8B:Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health

Unit OverviewTheories of EmotionEmbodied EmotionExpressed EmotionExperienced EmotionStress and HealthClick on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

Theories of Emotion

Theories of emotions

EmotionPhysiological arousalExpressive behaviorConscious experienceCommon sense theory

Theories of emotions

James-Lange theory

Theories of emotions

Cannon-Bard theory

Theories of emotions

Two-factor theorySchachter-Singer

Theories of emotions

Embodied Emotion

Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic nervous systemSympathetic nervous systemarousingParasympathetic nervous systemCalmingModerate arousal is ideal

Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

Physiological Similarities Among Specific EmotionsDifferent movie experiment

Physiological Differences Among Specific EmotionsDifferences in brain activityAmygdalaFrontal lobesNucleus accumbensPolygraph

Cognition and EmotionCognition Can Define EmotionSpill over effectSchachter-Singer experimentArousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

Cognition and EmotionCognition Does Not Always Precede EmotionInfluence of the amygdala

Expressed Emotion

Detecting Emotion

Nonverbal cuesDuchenne smile

Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

Culture and Emotional Expression

Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

The Effects of Facial Expressions

Facial feedback

Experienced Emotion

Fear

Adaptive value of fearThe biology of fearamygdala

Anger

AngerEvoked by eventsCatharsisExpressing anger can increase anger

Happiness

HappinessFeel-good, do-good phenomenonWell-being

HappinessThe Short Life of Emotional Ups and DownsWatsons studies

HappinessWealth and Well-Being

HappinessWealth and Well-Being

HappinessTwo Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and ComparisonHappiness and Prior ExperienceAdaptation-level phenomenonHappiness and others attainmentsRelative deprivation

HappinessPredictors of Happiness

Stress and Health

Introduction

Health psychologyBehavioral medicine

Stress and Illness

StressStress appraisal

Stress and IllnessThe Stress Response SystemSelyes general adaptation syndrome (GAS)AlarmResistanceexhaustion

Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

Stress and IllnessStressful Life EventsCatastrophesSignificant life changesDaily hassles

Stress and the Heart

Coronary heart diseaseType A versus Type BType AType B

Stress and Susceptibility to Disease

Psychophysiological illnessesPsychoneuroimmunology (PNI)LymphocytesB lymphocytesT lymphocytesStress and AIDSStress and Cancer

The End

Definition Slides

Emotion= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

James-Lange Theory= the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Cannon-Bard Theory= the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Two-factor Theory= the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Polygraph= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

Facial Feedback= the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

Catharsis= emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that releasing aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon= peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Well-being= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate peoples quality of life.

Adaptation-level Phenomenon= our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

Relative Deprivation= the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

Behavioral Medicine= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..

Health Psychology= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.

Stress= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)= Selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Coronary Heart Disease= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.

Type A= Friedman and Rosenmans term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

Type B= Friedman and Rosenmans term for easygoing, relaxed people.

Psychophysiological Illness= literally, mind-body illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

Lymphocytes= the two types of white blood cells that are part of the bodys immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.