Unit 8A:Motivation and Emotion: Motivation

Introduction

Motivation

Motivational Concepts

Instincts and Evolutionary PsychologyInstinct (fixed pattern)Instincts in animalsInstincts in humans

Drives and Incentives

Drive-reduction theoryHomeostasisNeed DriveDrive reduction

Drives and Incentives

Drive-reduction theoryHomeostasisNeed DriveDrive reduction

Drives and Incentives

Drive-reduction theoryHomeostasisNeed DriveDrive reduction

Drives and Incentives

IncentivePositive and negative

Optimum Arousal

ArousalOptimum level of arousal

A Hierarchy of Motives

Maslows hierarchy of needsVariations in the hierarchy

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

A Hierarchy of Motives

Hunger

The Physiology of Hunger

Contractions of the stomachWashburn study

The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the BrainGlucoseInsulinHypothalamusLateral hypothalamusorexinVetromedial hypothalamus

The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the BrainAppetite hormonesGhrelinObestatinPYYLeptinSet pointBasal metabolic rate

The Psychology of HungerTaste Preferences: Biology and CultureTaste preferencesGenetic: sweet and saltyNeophobiaAdaptive taste preferences

The Psychology of HungerEating DisordersEating disordersAnorexia nervosaBulimia nervosaBinge-eating disorder

Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

Obesity and Weight Control

Historical explanations for obesityObesityDefinitionStatisticsObesity and life expectancy

Obesity

Obesity

Obesity and Weight ControlThe Social Effects of ObesitySocial effects of obesityWeight discriminationPsychological effects of obesity

Weight Discrimination

Weight Discrimination

Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of ObesityFat Cells

Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of ObesitySet point and metabolism

Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of ObesityThe genetic factorThe food and activity factorSleep lossSocial influenceFood consumption and activity level

Obesity and Weight ControlLosing WeightRealistic and moderate goalsSuccess storiesAttitudinal changes

Sexual Motivation

The Physiology of SexThe Sexual Response CycleSexual response cycleExcitement phasePlateau phaseOrgasmResolution phaseRefractory period

The Physiology of SexHormones and Sexual BehaviorEffects of hormonesDevelopment of sexual characteristicsActivate sexual behaviorEstrogenTestosterone

The Psychology of Sex

External stimuliImagined stimuliDreamsSexual fantasies

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Adolescent SexualityTeen PregnancyIgnoranceMinimal communication about birth controlGuilt related to sexual activityAlcohol useMass media norms of unprotected promiscuity

Adolescent SexualitySexually Transmitted InfectionsStatistics of STIsTeen abstinenceHigh intelligenceReligious engagementFather presenceParticipation in service learning programs

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Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientationHomosexual orientationHeterosexual orientationSexual orientation statistics

Sexual OrientationOrigins of Sexual OrientationOrigins of sexual orientation studiesFraternal birth order effectSame-sex attraction in animalsThe brain and sexual orientationGenes and sexual orientationPrenatal hormones and sexual orientation

The Need to Belong

The Need to Belong

Aiding survivalWanting to belongSustaining relationshipsThe pain of ostracismostracism

The End

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Teacher InformationContinuity slidesThroughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes. By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts. By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about what might come next in the series of slides. Please feel free to contact me at kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations. Kent KorekGermantown High SchoolGermantown, WI 53022262-253-3400kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us

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Definition Slides

Motivation= a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Instinct= a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Drive-reduction Theory= the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Homeostasis= a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Incentive= a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior

Hierarchy of Needs= Maslows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Glucose= the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Set Point= the point at which an individuals weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Basal Metabolic Rate= the bodys resting rate of energy expenditure.

Anorexia Nervosa= an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Bulimia Nervosa= an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Binge-eating Disorder= significant b