Unit 8 Cell MetabolismFoldable Notes

Silently read pages 94-96 of your biology textbook

Middle Inside Top Vocabulary§ 1. ATP§ 2. ADP§ 3. Product§ 4. Reactant§ 5. Chloroplast§ 6. Mitochondria§ 7. Heterotroph§ 8. Autotroph

On a separate sheet of paper:Pg 96 Formative Assessment Questions 1-6Pg 383 Formative Assessment Questions 1-5

§ Directly or indirectly, almost all of the energy in living systems needed for metabolism comes from the sun.

Building Molecules that Store Energy

§ •METABOLISM involves either using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.

§

§ •PHOTOSYNTHESIS is the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy.

§

§ •Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds are called AUTOTROPHS.

§

Breaking down food for energy§ •The ENERGY in organic compounds can be transferred to other

organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.§

§ •Organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances are called HETEROTROPHS.

§

§ •CELLULAR RESPIRATION is a metabolic process similar to burning fuel.

§

Transfer of Energy to ATP§ •When cells break down food molecules, some of the energy in the

molecules is released as heat. Much of the remaining energy is stored temporarily in molecules of ATP.

§ •ATP is ENERGY A CELL CAN USE§ •Energy is released when the bonds that hold the phosphate groups

together are broken.

Bozeman Video (9 min)

Page 95 Figure 1.2 under notes

§1. Refer to page 98 of your textbook to fill out the boxes and the chloroplast diagram.

§2. Color the chloroplast diagram the appropriate color

Photosynthesis: process of capturing sunlight energy and making sugar that stores chemical energy in the chloroplast of plant cells

1. Chloroplast2. Sunlight3. Water (H2O)4. Thylakoid membrane

contains chlorophyll5. Oxygen (O2)6. Electron Transport Chain7. Carbon dioxide (CO2)8. Calvin Cycle9. Glucose (C6H12O6)

Light Dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight

– take place in thylakoids of chloroplast– water and sunlight are needed– 1. chlorophyll absorbs energy– 2. energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then

to light-independent reactions (ETC)– oxygen is released

3. Light independent reactions make sugars

– take place in stroma of chloroplast– needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere– use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical

reactions

Steps of Photosynthesis (under chloroplast)

§ I. Light dependent reactions = Light NECESSARY§1. Sunlight is captured by chlorophyll pigments in

chloroplast

§2. Electron Transport Chain – electrons pumped to make energy carriers

§ II. Light independent reactions = Light or Dark§3. Calvin Cycle – energy carriers and carbon dioxide join to

form sugarReactants Products

Water OxygenCarbon Dioxide Sugar

Photosynthesis: process of capturing sunlight energy and making sugar that stores chemical energy in the chloroplast of plant cells

1. Chloroplast2. Sunlight3. Water (H2O)4. Thylakoid membrane

contains chlorophyll5. Oxygen (O2)6. Electron Transport Chain7. Carbon dioxide (CO2)8. Calvin Cycle9. Glucose (C6H12O6)

§1. Refer to page 98 of your textbook to fill out the boxes and the chloroplast diagram.

§2. Color the chloroplast diagram the appropriate color

§3. Define the following terms above the diagram of the chloroplast§9. Photosynthesis§10. Chlorophyll§11. Thylakoid§12. Light dependent reactions§13. Light independent reactions

Topic: Photosynthesis

Write About

§ Draw a SIMPLE DIAGRAM to represent the process of photosynthesis

§ Paragraph – write a paragraph summarizing the three stages of photosynthesis and how the reactants and products are relevant to EACH.

§ Key Terms:§ -chlorophyll§ -chloroplast§ -sunlight§ -reactants§ -products§ -Sugar

Sage & Scribe§ What is the purpose of photosynthesis?§ What type of cells photosynthesize?§ What organelle in the cell photosynthesizes?§ What are the reactants of photosynthesis?§ What are the products of photosynthesis?§ Does photosynthesis release or store energy?§ What type of energy does photosynthesis use to make food?

Vocabulary (4.4 & 4.6) Right§ 14. Cellular Respiration§ 15. aerobic§ 16. glycolysis§ 17. anaerobic§ 18. Kreb’s cycle§ 19. fermentation§ 20. lactic acid

Pg 109 Formative Assessment Questions 1-4

Cellular Respiration: process that releases chemical energy from sugars and oxygen to make ATP in ALL eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungus, protist

1. Mitochondria2. 3 Carbon Pyruvate3. Kreb’s cycle takes

place in cristae4. Carbon dioxide (CO2)5. Electron Transport

Chain6. Oxygen (O2)7. Water (H2O)

1. Glycolysis must take place first– anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)– takes place in cytoplasm– splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules– produces two ATP molecules

Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis§2. The Krebs cycle transfers

energy to an electron transport chain.§ takes place in

mitochondrial matrix§breaks down three-carbon

molecules from glycolysis–makes a small amount of

ATP–releases carbon dioxide–transfers energy-carrying

molecules

6H O2

6CO2

6O2

mitochondrion

matrix (area enclosedby inner membrane)

inner membrane

ATP

ATP

energy

energy from glycolysis

1

2

4

3

and

and

and

3. The electron transport chain produces a large amount of ATP

–takes place in inner membrane

–energy transferred to electron transport chain

–oxygen enters process–ATP produced–water released as a

waste product6H O2

6CO2

6O2

mitochondrion

matrix (area enclosedby inner membrane)

inner membrane

ATP

ATP

energy

energy from glycolysis

1

2

4

3

and

and

and

Aerobic = requires Oxygen Anaerobic = no oxygen

Cellular Respiration: process that uses oxygen to release chemical energy from sugars in the form of ATP. (under mitochondria)

§ 1. Glycolysis – sugar broken in half (yields 2 ATP)

§ 2. Kreb’s cycle – energy carriers made

§ 3. Electron Transport Chain –ATP made (yields 34 ATP)

§ 1. Glycolysis – sugar broken in half (yields 2 ATP)

§ 2. Fermentation – energy carriers recycled

Vocabulary (4.4 & 4.6) Right§ 14. Cellular Respiration§ 15. aerobic§ 16. glycolysis§ 17. anaerobic§ 18. Kreb’s cycle§ 19. fermentation§ 20. lactic acid

Pg 109 Formative Assessment Questions 1-4

Topic: Cellular Respiration

Write About

§ Draw a SIMPLE VISUAL AID to represent the DIFFERENCE between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

§ Paragraph – write a paragraph summarizing the purpose of aerobic respiration. Include which stages of cellular respiration use reactants and make products

§ Key Terms:§ -mitochondria§ -oxygen§ -reactants§ -products§ -sugar§ -carbon dioxide

Sage & Scribe§ What is the purpose of of cellular respiration?§ What type of cells undergo respiration?§ What organelle in the cell undergoes respiration?§ What are the reactants of cellular respiration?§ What are the products of cellular respiration?§ Does cellular respiration release or store energy?§ What type of energy does cellular respiration make?

The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration (and vice versa)

Photosynthesis & cellular respiration are metabolic chemical reactions. They use enzymes = proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

§ Factors that affect the rates of photosynthesis and cellular respiration:

§ 1. Amount of reactantsn – direct correlation§ 2. Availability of enzymes –direct correlation

§ Factors that denature (change the shape) enymes§ 3. Temperature –optimal § 4. pH -- optimal

Conclusion/Summary of Graph:

Conclusion/Summary of Graph:

Sage & Scribe§ Would an increase in carbon dioxide increase or decrease

the rate of respiration?§ Would an decrease in sunlight increase or decrease the rate

of photosynthesis?§ What are two other factors that can change the rates of

photosynthesis or cellular respiration?

B. The reactants for photosynthesis are water and carbon dioxide

§ Which of the following about photosynthesis is true? §

A. The reactants for photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen§ B. The reactants for photosynthesis are water and carbon

dioxide § C. The products of photosynthesis are ATP, carbon dioxide

and water§ D. The products of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and

glucose§

B. Plant #2 had little O2 production, while plant #1 had higher amounts of O2production

§Plant #1 is placed under a strong light source, while plant #2 is placed in a dark cabinet. The two plants were observed for 3 hours, and data was recorded. Which statement best describes the most likely data results?§A. Plant #1 had little O2 production, while plant #2 had

higher amounts of O2 production§B. Plant #2 had little O2 production, while plant #1 had

higher amounts of O2 production§C. Plant #1 and #2 were identical in their O2 production§D. Not enough information is given to draw a reliable

conclusion§

Carbon Dioxide

§ Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?§

Oxygen§ Light§ Carbon Dioxide§ Glucose

§

ATP

§ The energy molecule produced from Cellular Respiration is:§

Glucose§ Carbon Dioxide§ Water § ATP

§

B. Amount of carbon dioxide

§ Which of the following does NOT affect the rate of cellular respiration?

§a. amount of glucose

§ b. amount of carbon dioxide§ c. amount of oxygen§ d. temperature §

C. Amount of oxygen

§ Which of the following does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?

§a. light intensityb. amount of carbon dioxide

§ c. amount of oxygend. temperature

§

b. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

§ How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?§ a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores

energy.

§ b. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

§ c. Photosynthesis uses oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

§ d. Photosynthesis only occurs in plants, and cellular respiration only occurs in animals.

§

§

§ Which of these best explains the difference between the way animals and plants exchange gases with their environments?

§ a. Animals use only photosynthesis, while plants use both photosynthesis and respiration.

§ b. Animals use only respiration, while plants use both photosynthesis and respiration.

§ c. Animals use both photosynthesis and respiration, while plants use only respiration.

§ d. Animals use both photosynthesis and respiration, while plants use only photosynthesis.

§§

b. Animals use only respiration, while plants use both photosynthesis and respiration.

§ How would a drop in temperature most likely affect the process of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

§ a. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would decrease.

§ b. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would remain constant.

§ c. The rate of photosynthesis would increase, and the rate of cellular respiration would decrease.

§ d. The rate of photosynthesis would decrease, and the rate of cellular respiration would increase.

§§§

a. The rates of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis would decrease.

§ Cellular respiration transfers energy by breaking down _______________ to form ATP energy,

§ Whereas photosynthesis transforms ____________ energy into food (glucose) energy.

§

§

§

Glucose -- sunlight

§ What would happen to plants if chloroplasts disappeared from all eukaryotic cells?

§ What would happen to animals if chloroplasts disappeared from all eukaryotic cells?

Sunlight energy

Chloroplast

Carbon Dioxide& Water

Mitochondria

ATP

Heat energy lost

Sugar & Oxygen