ObjectivesObjectives• Know the main characteristics of animals• Know the difference between invertebrate

and vertebrates• Know examples and characteristics of the 8

invertebrate phylum• Know the main characteristics of the 5

vertebrate classes• Know the difference between endotherm and

ectotherm• Know what fertilization and development are• Know complete and incomplete

metamorphosis

•Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics– multi-cellular– eukaryotic (nucleus)– no cell wall– move on their own– consumers

InvertebratesInvertebratesInvertebrates are

animals without a backbone.

There are 88 invertebrate phyla.

Sea anemone

hydra

sponge

leech

8 Phyla8 Phyla• Sponges

• Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

• Flatworms

• Round worms

• Segmented worms

• Mollusks

• Arthropods

• Echinoderms

SpongesSponges• Many pores• Move slowly• No gut, no nerves• Reproduce asexually by budding• Regenerate (replace body parts)

Eating:

- Water enters pores

- collar cells filter food

- water is removed by osculum (hole)

osculum

CnidariansCnidarians• Tentacles with

stinging cells (nematocysts)

• 2 cell layers thick • Gut for digesting food• Nerve net

hydra

Hydra reproduce asexually by budding

Coral (live in colonies)Sea anemone

jellyfish

FlatwormFlatworm• Very thin, flat body• Eyespots• 3 cell layers thick• Sensory lobes to

detect food• Some are parasites• Nerves

fluketapeworm

Planaria

can

regenerate

Draw the head of the planaria.

Label the following parts:

eyespots

sensory lobes

heartworm

RoundwormRoundworm• Round, smooth

body• 2 body openings• Primative brain • Parallel nerve

cords• Parasites

pinworm hookworm

Ascaris

Trichinella- found in uncooked pork

• Most have a soft body with a hard shell• Have a mantle: tissue that produces shell.• Have a foot: used to move

slug: no shell

snail: one shell

clam: two shells (bivalve)

mussel

squid octopus

cephalopods: head-footed

Annelids (Segmented worms)Annelids (Segmented worms)• Body has segments• Have a coelom (body cavity for organs)• 2 body openings• Circulatory system, brain and nerve cord

leech

earthworm

clitellum (helps with reproduction)

• Jointed limbs• Body in segments (head, thorax & abdomen)

• Exoskeleton (external skeleton for protection)

• Compound eye

shrimp

millipede

bee

crab

grasshoppertick

Crustacean Insect

Centipede & Millipede

Arachnids

Crustacean

Insect

butterfly (Insect)

lobster (Crustacean) ladybug (Insect)

spider (Arachnids)centipede (Centipedes & Millipedes)

• Spiny-skinned

• Endoskeleton (internal skeleton)

• Tube feet

• Simple nervous system

• Simple eye that senses light

brittle star sea urchin sea cucumber

starfishsand dollar

Tube feet

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.

There are five classes of animals in the Chordate Phylum.

Endotherms

– Warm-blooded– Body temperature

remains constant regardless of their surroundings

• Birds• Mammals

Ectotherms

– Cold-blooded– Body temperature can

change slightly with the surroundings

• Bony Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles

Fertilization

The union (joining) of egg and sperm.

Can be:

Internal – inside the body

External – outside the body

Development

The growth of a new organism before birth.

Internal – inside the body

External – outside the body

http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ECC2/html/fertilization.html

Main Characteristics:

• Ectotherms• Use gills to breathe• Live in water• Covered with scales

Sexual Reproduction:

- Lay soft eggs in water- External fertilization- External development

salmon

catfish

trout

Main Characteristics:

• Ectotherms• Breathe with gills then lungs• Live in water then land• Breathe through moist skin

Sexual Reproduction:

- Lay soft eggs in water- External fertilization- External developmentfrog

newt

salamander

toad

Main Characteristics:

• Ectotherms• Breathe with lungs• Live in water or land• Covered with dry scaly skin or shell• Shed skin to grow

Sexual Reproduction:

- Lay hard shell eggs on land- Internal fertilization- External development

snake

turtle

lizard

crocodile

lizard

Main Characteristics:

• Endotherms• Use lungs to breathe• Live in water, land, or air• Covered with feathers• Have wings

Sexual Reproduction:

- Lay hard shell eggs on land- Internal fertilization- External development

condor

Main Characteristics:

• Endotherms• Breathe with lungs• Live in water or on land• Covered with hair or fur

Sexual Reproduction:

- Born alive- Internal fertilization- Internal development

Incomplete Metamorphosis

3 stages:- egg- nymph- adult

Nymph looks like the adult.

Complete Metamorphosis

4 stages:

- egg- larva- pupa- adult

Larva looks different than the adult.

The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

Incomplete Metamorphosis

3 stages:- egg- nymph- adult

Nymph looks like the adult.

Complete Metamorphosis

4 stages:

- egg- larva- pupa- adult

Larva looks different than the adult.

The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

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Complete

Adult

Eggs

Pupa

Larva

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Young frog

Adult frog

Tadpole frog

Tadpole

Egg

Egg mass

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

Tadpoles:

• Live in water

• Use gills

• Have a tail

Adult frogs:

• Live on land

• Use lungs

• Have legs

Incomplete

Eggs

Adult

Nymph

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Incomplete Metamorphosis

3 stages:- egg- nymph- adult

Nymph looks like the adult.

Complete Metamorphosis

4 stages:

- egg- larva- pupa- adult

Larva looks different than the adult.

The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.