Unit 7 Injury Management. Soft Tissue Injuries Abrasion Scrapping away of outer layer of skin...
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Transcript of Unit 7 Injury Management. Soft Tissue Injuries Abrasion Scrapping away of outer layer of skin...
![Page 1: Unit 7 Injury Management. Soft Tissue Injuries Abrasion Scrapping away of outer layer of skin Avulsion Tearing or pulling away a part of a structure Laceration.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e5c5503460f94b54719/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 7Injury Management
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Soft Tissue Injuries
• Abrasion• Scrapping away of outer layer of skin
• Avulsion• Tearing or pulling away a part of a
structure
• Laceration• Jagged, irregular cut
• Contusion• A bruise
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Soft Tissue Injury Treatment
• Clean area with soap and water
• Apply antibiotic cream
• Apply sterile bandage
• Watch for infection
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Treatment: Severed or Amputated
• Wrap severed part in sterile gauze
• Put in plastic bag
• Put plastic bag on ice
• Send severed part with victim to hospital
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Deep Lacerations
• Apply steri-strips or butterfly dressing • Cover with sterile dressing• Stitches?
• Longer 1 inch• Deep cut into dermis• Edges that do not close with steri-strip
or butterfly dressing• Uneven edges• Best to get stitches within 6-8 hours to
decrease scarring and infection• Facial best to get stitches within 4
hours
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BITES
• Wash with soap and water• Cover with sterile dressing• Apply antibiotic ointment• Apply Ice
• Never apply ice with snakebites• Stimulates the spread of the venom
• Complications• Poisonous
• Minimize movement• Seek medical attention
• Infection• Seek medical attention
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BLISTERS
• Caused by the skin rubbing against a hard or rough surface resulting in the layers of the skin to separate
• Feel a “hot spot”
• Treatment:
• Leave in tact
• Popping blister leaves open skin susceptible for infection
• If blister is torn, keep clean and cover with moleskin or second skin.
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STINGS• Treatment
• Look for stinger• If stinger present scrape away from skin
with finger nail or edge of a plastic card• Never use tweezers to remove
stinger- squeezing the stinger will release venom into body
• Wash area with soap water• Cover with sterile dressing• Apply Ice• Watch for allergic reaction
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ALLERGIC REACTIONS
• Caused by insect stings, food, other allergens
• Known as Anaphylactic shock• Cause serious life-threatening
breathing emergencies• Air passages swell and restrict
breathing• S/S= rash, tightness in chest,
swelling of face and tongue, dizzy, confused
• Use of Epi-pen is necessary treatment
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ALLERGIC REACTION
• HITCH
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SKIN CONDITIONS• Caused by a fungus, virus, bacteria or
parasite• Common in sports such as wrestling, but
can occur in any individual
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FUNGUS
• Tinea= superficial fungal infection• Thrive in Moist, warm, dark
environments.
• Treatment• Anti fungul creams or sprays.
Sometimes needs an anti-fungal oral medication
• Common types in athletics • Tinea corpis, Tinea cruris and
Tinea Pedis
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Tinea Corporis- Ringworm• Common in wrestling
• AKA- Tinea Gladiatroum
• Lesions have a ring-like eruption with red or brown plaques with raised border
• Appear on scalp, trunk and upper and lower extremities• Spread by skin to skin contact
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Tinea infections…
Tinea cruris• Jock Itch• Rash, scaling small
papules in groin and medial thigh area
Tinea Pedis• Athletes foot• Redness, scaling, cracking
and itching• Soles of feet and in-
between toe
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Bacterial Infections in Sports
• Impetigo• Pustules that
become crusted and rupture
• Highly contagious with skin to skin contact
• Treated with oral anti-biotic
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Bacteria Infections• MRSA
• Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria or “staph”
• Start as red bumps and quickly turn into deep painful abscesses
• Can penetrate into blood stream, potentially causing life-threatening infections to body systems
• Treatment• Antibiotics & Draining abscesses
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Common Viral Infection in Sports
• Warts• Verruca
vulgaris
• Small tumors with dark centers
• May appear anywhere on body
• Treatment• Cryosurgery• Salicylic acid
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Verruca Plantaris Plantar warts
• Develop on sole of foot• Pinpoint black spots• Can be protected with donut-
shaped pad to relieve pressure
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Eczema
• Itchy red rash• Caused by
• Allergies• Stress• Temperature• Drug reaction• Scratching• Sun exposure
• Treatment• Corticosteroid
Lotions and ointments
• Antihistamines• Lotions to
hydrate skin
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BLEEDING• Arterial Bleeding
• Bright red and spurts• Hard to stop and life-threatening
• Venous Bleeding• Dark red and steady flow• Easier to control
• Capillary Bleeding• Slow and steady• Greater chance of infection
• 10% loss of blood volume may be critical
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Controlling External Bleeding
• Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing
• Cover with a roller
bandage• Bleeding does
not stop• Additional dressing
• Minimize shock
• Call 911
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Internal Bleeding• What do you do?• CALL 911
Immediately!!• DO not give
anything to eat or drink
• Life threatening - Death will be the outcome without QUICK advanced medical care!
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Internal Bleeding Signs and Symptoms
• Tender, swollen, hard areas
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Skin cool, pale, moist
• Vomit blood
• Excessive thirst
• Confusion
• LOC
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SHOCK• Life-threatening condition when there is
not enough blood being delivered to vital organs
• SIGNALS: • Restless or altered level of
consciousness• Rapid breathing or pulse• Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin• Thirsty
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Treatment for SHOCK
• Call 911 and monitor ABC’s and vital signs, treat conditions
• Elevate legs 12 inches• Keep person comfortable• DO NOT give person anything to
eat or drink
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Abdominal Injuries
• Ruptured Spleen
• Located ULQ
• Caused by blow to abdomen
• S/S = rigid abdomen, nausea, vomiting and possible signs of shock
• Khers sign
• Left shoulder and arm pain
• Can cause profuse hemorrhaging and death
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Abdominal Injuries
• Appendicitis• Located RLQ
• Caused by bacterial infection from an obstruction
• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting and low fever, RLQ pain
• Surgery required
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Abdominal Injuries • HERNIA• Protrusion of
abdominal viscera through abdominal wall
• Common in groin- inguinal hernia
• Superficial protrusion may be observed, pain is increased by sudden movements, coughing or sneezing
• Surgery required
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SPLINTING• Only if the person must be moved• In the position you find it• Joints above and below must be immobile
- SNUG• Check circulation before and after
(warmth, color)• Only if you can do without causing more
pain
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Head, Neck and Back Injuries
• Biggest Concern?• Paralysis if moved
• Signal of One?• Change in conscious• Numbness or tingling or loss of
movement• Complain pain or point tenderness on
cervical spine
• Care for?• MINIMIZE MOVEMENT• Provide in-line stabilization
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What if athlete is wearing a helmet?• Do not remove• IF need to gain access to airway use
appropriate equipment to minimize movement of spine
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Care for Medical Conditions
• Seizure• Protect from
injury• Do not put
anything in mouth
• Do not hold down
• Faints• Lay down &
elevate legs
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Care for Medical Conditions• Diabetic (Too
much or little sugar in person’s blood)• Give sugar if
conscious
• Asthma• Help administer
inhaler
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Heat Illnesses
• Normally progress in severity• Heat cramps• Heat
exhaustion• Heat Stroke
• Caused by combination of strenuous activity and hot/humid weather
• Fluid imbalances
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Heat Cramps• Result from fluid
volume problem• Can be prevented
by drinking water before and throughout activity
• Stretch the affected muscle slowley
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Heat Illnesses
• Heat exhaustion• Profuse
sweating
• Pale skin
• Nausea
• Dizzy
• Headache
• Altered LOC
• Heat stroke• Red, flushed dry
skin, irritable, aggressive
• Headache
• Dizzy, weak
• Sweat mechanism shut off
• Most serious heat condition- call 911
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Treatment of Heat Illnesses• Move victim to cool place
• Give cool water - small amounts if conscious
• Immerse in cold water or use ice towels
• Fan, sponge off
• Loosen clothing
• Victim not improve or won’t drink= call 911
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Cold-Related Illnesses
• Frostbite• Lack of feeling• Skin appears
white & waxy• Skin cold to
touch
• Hypothermia• Shivering• Numbness• Glassy Stare• Decrease LOC• Weakness• Impaired
Judgement
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Treatment for Cold related illnesses
• Gently& SLOWLY warm victim• Warm too quickly can a cause
heart arrhythmias• Check ABC’s• Remove wet clothing and cover with
blankets• Handle carefully• Frostbite
• Soak in warm water
• Cover - DO NOT RUB