Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system
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S-271 Helicopter Crewmember UNIT 6 – RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Slide 6-1 Unit 6 Risk Management
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Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system. Unit Objectives. Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations. Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS). Risk Assessment and Management. What is Risk Assessment? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system
S-271 Helicopter Crewmember
Unit 6 Risk Management
UNIT 6 – RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Slide 6-1
S-271 Helicopter Crewmember
Unit 6 Risk Management
Unit Objectives
1. Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations.
2. Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).
Slide 6-2
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Assessment and ManagementWhat is Risk Assessment?Risk assessment is the process whichassociates “hazards” with “risks.”Risk assessment is the initial part of the riskmanagement process which includes:• Identifying know hazards and• Analyzing the degree of risk associated
with each hazardSlide 6-3
S-271 Helicopter Crewmember
Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Assessment and ManagementRisk Management Process• Risk management is a continuous
systematic process of identifying and controlling risk in all activities according to established parameters.• This process includes detecting hazards,
assessing the risk, and implementing and monitoring risk controls to support effective, risk based decision making.
Slide 6-4
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Five Steps to Risk Management1. Identify Hazards – Situation
Awareness2. Assess the Hazards – Hazard
Assessment3. Develop Controls Make Decisions –
Hazard Control4. Implement Controls – Decision
Point 5. Supervise
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Management AppliedStep 1 – Identify Hazards – Situation
Awareness
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Risk Management AppliedWhat is a hazard?Any real or potential condition that can cause:• Mission degradation• Injury• Illness, or death to personnel• Damage/loss of equipment
or property
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Risk Management AppliedFactors that Determine Hazards• Weather• Time of flight• Terrain• Equipment• Wires• Military training areas• Take-off and landing weights• Training and proficiency level of personnel
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Risk Management AppliedRISK FACTORS are divided into four categories for hazard identification:• Man• Machine• Medium• MethodKnown as the “4Ms Risk Factors”
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Management AppliedStep 2 – Assess the Hazards – Hazard
Assessment
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Risk Management AppliedEach of the hazards should be identified
and analyzed by examining:1. The effect on personnel/equipment
should a hazard be encountered.2. The probability that a hazard will be
encountered.
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Management AppliedEffect – If a hazard is encountered during a mission, the effect may be:• Catastrophic – Death or serious injury• Critical – Serious injury, damaged
equipment• Moderate – Mission accomplished,
adverse effects• Negligible – No effect, mission accomplished
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Management AppliedProbability – The probability of encounteringa hazard during a mission may be:• Frequent – Continuously or often • Likely – May encounter several times• Occasional – May encounter sporadically• Seldom – Encountered infrequently, remote• Unlikely – Rarely, possible, but improbable
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Management AppliedHow to determine the risk?• Determine the severity, probability and
exposure with each hazard.• Determine the risk associated with the
combined hazards.Initial assessment may indicate risk level(s)unacceptable. Once controls are implemented, risk level(s) may be at an acceptable level.
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Risk Management Applied
Step 3 – Develop Controls Make Decisions – Hazard Control
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Risk Management AppliedWhat is a risk decision?• Weigh the risk against the benefits of
performing a mission.• Be aware that the mentality, even during
non-emergency operations may be mission-oriented (get the job done).
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Risk Management AppliedRisk Decision Tips:• Involve operational personnel,
especially those impacted by the risk decision.
• Apply redundant risk controls when practical and cost effective.
• Make risk decisions when benefit out ways the cost.
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Who should make a risk decision?• Decision should be made at the level
that corresponds to the degree of risk associated with that mission.
• Majority of the decisions that you will be associated with will be made by the Helicopter Manager.
Risk Management Applied
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Unit 6 Risk Management
I
II
III
IV
Low
Frequent Likely Occasionally Seldom Unlikely
Hazard Probability
A B C D E
Extreme High Medium
High High Medium
High Medium
High
Catastrophic
Critical
Moderate
Negligible
Effect
(1) (2)
(4)(3) (5)
(6)
(7)
Event Effect Probability Risk Level1) Low Speed/Low altitude/over trees Catastrophic Frequent Extreme2) Aircraft Operation w/doors removed Catastrophic Occasional High3) Unimproved Landing Zone Critical Likely High4) Crew Fatigue Critical Likely High5) Blade Strike Occasional Critical High6) Engine Failure Catastrophic Unlikely Medium7) Weather Moderate Likely Medium
These ratings based on unmitigated hazards
Composite Risk Level
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Risk Assessment Matrix
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Risk Management AppliedStep 4 – Implement Controls –
Decision Point
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Risk Management Applied
What are controls?• A control is any kind of action that is
taken to mitigate the risks that have been identified.• These controls can range from writing
a special-use action plan to simply conducting a short safety briefing.
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Risk Management AppliedOnce controls are implemented, reassess hazards to ensure that risk(s) have been mitigated to an acceptable level of safety.
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Risk Management Applied
Incorporate selected controls into:• Brief the pilot• Brief personnel• Weigh and prioritize loads• Evaluate helispots
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Risk Management AppliedStep 5 - Supervise
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Risk Management AppliedHow do you supervise control actions?• Brief – Ensure personnel know what to do• Follow-up – People are doing what is
expected• Update – Evaluate the plan continually• Adjust – Make changes as issues arise• Debrief – After mission is completed• Incorporate – Lessons learned for future use
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Safety Management Systems (SMS)
The ultimate goal of SMS is to provide an organizational framework or roadmap for developing and promoting a true safety culture, ultimately reducing our accident rate.
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Safety Management Systems (SMS)
What does SMS do for us?– Takes a proactive, “systemic”
(big-picture) approach to managing Aviation safety
– Helps identify hazards and control measures to reduce risks
– Provides for ongoing “quality assurance”
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Safety Management Systems (SMS)
SMS is based on the following premises:– Every person in the organization
accepts that safety is a conscious and ongoing mindset as opposed to simply a box to be checked.
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Safety Management Systems (SMS)
Four “Pillars” or Components of SMS– Safety Policy– Safety Risk Management– Safety Assurance– Safety Promotion
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Discussion Point
What do each of the four pillars mean to you?
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Unit 6 Risk Management
Unit Objectives
1. Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations.
2. Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).
Slide 6-32
