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Transcript of Unit 6 - All Contents
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Make and Doake and Do
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How to useow to use ‘Makeake’To express an activity that creates something
that you can touchFor exampleor example,
make food,
make a cup of tea / coffee,
make a mess
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These are standard collocations(verb + noun combinations)
that are used in English.• make a decision• make a mistake
• make money• make friends• make a noise
• make dinner• make an excuse• make an exception
• make arrangements
• make someonelaugh/cry
• make up your mind• make progress• make a cake
• make a mess ofsomething• make an appointment• make plans
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How to useow to use ‘Doo’Activity:ctivity: To express dailyactivities or jobs.
For exampleor example,do homeworkdo houseworkdo the ironing
do the dishes
do a job
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General Ideas:eneral Ideas: when speakingabout things in general. This form is often
used with the words 'something, nothing,anything, everything, etc.'
-I'm not doing anything today.
- He does everything for his mother.
- She's doing nothing at the moment.
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These are standard collocations(verb + noun combinations)
that are used in English.• do one's best• do good
• do harm• do (someone) a favour• do business
• do the shopping• do some work• do the washing
• do the washing-up
• do the housework• do the cleaning
• do homework• do nothing• do exercise
• do a course• a degree• an exam
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FirstirstConditionalonditional
Sentenceentence
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Thehe first conditionalirst conditional (also calledconditional type 1) is a structure
used for talking about possibilitiesossibilitiesin the present or in the future.n the present or in the future.
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Structuretructure
If Clause
If
+Subject+
PresentSimpleVerb
If Clausef ClauseIf
+Subject+PresentSimpleVerb
MainClause
Subject+will/won’tor
may/might+infinitive
MainainClauselause
Subject+will/won’tor
may/might+infinitive
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If clause Main clause
If you study hard, you will pass the test.
Two clausewo clause
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Note:ote: If the "if" clause comes first, a comma isf the "if" clause comes first, a comma isusually used.sually used. If the "if" clause comes second,f the "if" clause comes second,
there is no need for a comma:here is no need for a comma:
If clauseain clause
if you study hard.ou will pass the test
Two clausewo clause
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The first conditional is used to talk aboutthings which are possible in the present orthe future — things which may happen:
Maybe you will cook thesupper — that's possible.
If you cook the supper, I'llwash the dishes.
Maybe Juan will leave —
that's possible.
Paula will be sad if Juan
leaves.
Maybe it will be sunny— that's possible.
If it's sunny, we'll go tothe park.
Explanationxplanationxamplexample
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Note:ote: We often useWe often use mightight in the main clausein the main clause to mean to mean ‘will perhapsill perhaps’
If clauseain clause
if he gets up late.e might miss the train
Two clausewo clause
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Note:ote: We can useWe can use unlessnless to mean to mean ‘if notf not’
If clause Main clause
she won’t have money.nless she works,
Two clausewo clause
If she doesn’t work, she won’t have money.
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FutureutureTime Clausesime Clauses
We can also use sentences with before,as soon as, after, until and when totalk about the future.
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beforeeforeefore
Before I go to Bodrum, I’ll book a room.
Murat will visit all his relatives beforehe joins the army.
They won’t transfer any players beforethey sign the advertising agreement.
Before I go to Bodrum, I’ll book a room.
Murat will visit all his relatives beforehe joins the army.
They won’t transfer any players beforethey sign the advertising agreement.
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as soon ass soon ass soon as
They will go to the beach as soon as they havetheir breakfast.
All the players in the national team will goon holiday as soon as the EuropianChampionship is over.
Don’t worry mom. I will phone you as soon asI arrive Paris.
They will go to the beach as soon as they havetheir breakfast.
All the players in the national team will goon holiday as soon as the EuropianChampionship is over.
Don’t worry mom. I will phone you as soon asI arrive Paris.
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afterfterfter
After her sister prepares dinner, they’ll invitetheir neighbours.
My father will buy a new car after he savesenough money.
What will you do after you finish the Frenchcourse?
After her sister prepares dinner, they’ll invitetheir neighbours.
My father will buy a new car after he savesenough money.
What will you do after you finish the Frenchcourse?
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untilntilntil
You can go out. I will wait until she calls.
They won’t start the match until the rainstops.
I won’t buy anything new until I pay all mydebts.
You can go out. I will wait until she calls.
They won’t start the match until the rainstops.
I won’t buy anything new until I pay all mydebts.
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whenhenhen
When I finish writing the reports, I will goout with my friends.
She will move to London when she finds agood job.
When the party is over, we will clean thehouse.
When I finish writing the reports, I will goout with my friends.
She will move to London when she finds agood job.
When the party is over, we will clean thehouse.
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ZeroeroConditionalonditional
Sentenceentence
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Thehe zero conditionalero conditional is a structures a structure
used for talking aboutsed for talking about general truthseneral truths— things which always happen underhings which always happen under
certainertain conditions, such as scientific factsonditions, such as scientific factsand general truthsnd general truths .
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Structuretructure
If ClauseIf
+Subject+PresentSimpleVerb
If Clausef Clause
If+Subject+Present
SimpleVerb
MainClause
Subject+PresentSimpleVerb
Mainain
Clauselause
Subject+PresentSimple
Verb
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If clause Main clause
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Two clausewo clause
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If clauseain clause
if you heat water to 100 degrees.ater boils
Two clausewo clause
Note:ote:If the "if" clause comes first, a comma isf the "if" clause comes first, a comma is
usually used.sually used. If the "if" clause comes second,f the "if" clause comes second,
there is no need for a comma:here is no need for a comma:
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Wood doesn't burn if
there is no air.
If people don’t eat, they
get hungry.
If you heat ice, it melts.
Examplexample
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We can use modal verbs [should, can,
must, have to, might etc.] and imperatives[give, don’t tell, etc.] in the main clauseof conditionals.
Conditionals withonditionals withImperatives andmperatives and
Modal Verbsodal Verbs
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If you want to be happy, don’t tell
anybody this secret.
If you want to get the A grade inthis course, you shouldn’t skip theclass.
Examplexample
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We use in case to say that we areprepared for something that might
happen.
In Casen Case
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The Difference Betweenhe Difference Between In Casen Case andnd Iff
B. I’ll buy some water iff
I get thirsty.
A. I’ll buy some water
in casen case I get thirsty.
Person B might buy
some water, but only ifhe/she gets thirsty inthe future.
Person A is definitely
going to buy somewater, so that he/she isprepared for a time in
the future when he/shemight get thirsty.
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